The Role of Sleep Quality as Mediator of Relationship between Workload and Work Fatigue in Mining Workers

https://doi.org/10.22146/jpsi.61154

Rosita Cahya Hidayanti(1*), Sumaryono Sumaryono(2)

(1) 2Faculty of Psychology, Universitas Gadjah Mada
(2) 2Faculty of Psychology, Universitas Gadjah Mada
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


The mining environment is a place to work with a high level of risk. One of the factors that cause work accidents in the mining area is work fatigue or work fatigue. The purpose of this study was to reveal the role of sleep quality as a mediator of the relationship between workload and work fatigue in mining workers in Indonesia. Research participants were mining workers who worked in the field with a 12-hour / day shift work system (n = 232). Measurements were made using 3 scales, namely Full Time Equivalent (FTE) for workload, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) for sleep quality, and Three-Dimensional Work Fatigue Inventory (3D-WFI) for work fatigue. The results of the analysis using bootstrapping 5000 showed that workload has a significant effect on the level of work fatigue which is mediated by sleep quality. High workload results in poor sleep quality and high levels of fatigue so that mining companies need to maintain the quality of sleep for field workers to minimize work accidents due to work fatigue.

Keywords


mining workers; sleep quality; work fatigue; workload

Full Text:

PDF


References

Åkerstedt, T. (1995). Work Hours, sleepiness and the underlying mechanism. Journal of Sleep Research, 4, 15-22.

Åkerstedt, T., Knutsson, A., Westerholm, P., Theorell , T., Alfredsson, L., & Kecklund, G. (2004). Mental fatigue, work and sleep, Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 57(5), 427-433. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2003.12.001.

Alim, I. Z. (2015). Uji validitas dan reliabilitas instrumen Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index versi Bahasa Indonesia. (Unpublished master’s thesis). Universitas Indonesia, Depok.

Anggoro, F. (2020). 24 Pekerja tewas dalam kecelakaan tambang Minerba selama 2019. Antaranews.Com. https://www.antaranews.com/berita/1273025/24-pekerja-tewas-dalam-kecelakaan-tambang-minerba-selama-2019

Ansori, R. F. (2020). Analysis of correlation between workload and work attitudes toward work fatigue (Case study in Kaliotik Lamongan restaurant workers). The Indonesian Journal of Occupational Safety and Health, 9(1), 48-54. https://e-journal.unair.ac.id/IJOSH/article/view/11374

Azwar, A., Susilowati, I. H., Dinar, A., Indriyani, K., & Wirawan, M. (2018). Impact of work-related and non-work-related factors on fatigue in production/shift workers. International Conference of Occupational Health and Safety (pp. 213–224). Knowledge E.

Belenky, Wesensten, N. J., Thorne, D. R., Thomas, M. L., Sing, H. C., Redmond, D. P., . . . Balkin, T. J. (2003). Patterns of performance degradation and restoration during sleep restriction and subsequent recovery: A sleep dose-response study. J Sleep Res, 12(1), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2869.2003.00337.x.

Berhanu, H., Moss, A., Tadesse, S., & Geleta, D. (2018). Prevalence and associated factors of sleep quality among adults in Jimma Town, Southwest Ethiopia: A community-based cross-sectional study. Sleep Disorders, 1-10.

Bils, P. (2017). Quality sleep: The center of a healthy life, evidence of the essential role of sleep and what happens when we don’t get enough of it. Sleep Number.

Bjorvatn, B., & Pallesen, S. (2009). A practical approach to circadian rhythm sleep disorders. Sleep Medicine Reviews, 13(1), 47-60.

Blafoss, R., Sundstrup, E., Jakobsen, M., Brandt, M., Bay, H., & Andersen, L. (2019). Physical workload and bodily fatigue after work: Cross-sectional study among 5000 workers, European Journal of Public Health 29(5), 837-842. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckz055.

Bureau of Labor Statistics. (2019, September 21). United States Department of Labor. Retrieved from average weekly hours and overtime of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted: https://www.bls.gov/news.release/empsit.t23.htm

Centers for Disease Control and Pervention. (2012). Work scheduls: Shift work and long hours educational resources for managers and workers. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/features/dssleep/

Chaput, J. P., Dutil, C., & Kanyinga, H. S. (2018). Sleeping hours: What is the ideal number and how does age impact this? Natural and Science Sleep, 10, 421-430.

Choi, D. W., Chun, S. Y., Lee, S. A., Han, K. T., & Park, E. C. (2018). Association between sleep duration and perceived stress: Salaried worker in circumstances of high workload, Int J Environ Res Public Health, 15(4), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15040796

DeArmond, S., & Chen, P. Y. (2004). The effects of job stressors onworkplace sleepiness: A meta-analysis (Unpublished master’s thesis). Colorado State University.

Dewi, U., & Satrya, A. (2012). Analisis kebutuhan tenaga kerja berdasarkan beban kerja karyawan pada PT PLN (Persero) distribusi Jakarta Raya dan Tangerang bidang sumber daya manusia dan organisasi. Universitas Indonesia.

Duntley, S. P. (2005). Fatigue and sleep. In J. Deluca, Fatigue as a window to the brain (p. 209). The MIT Press.

Frone, M. R., & Tidwell, M. C. (2015). The meaning and measurement of work fatigue: Development and evaluation of the Three-Dimensional Work Fatigue Inventory (3D-WFI). American Psychological Association, 20(3), 273–288. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0038700.

Gawron, V. J. (2008). Human performance, workload, and situational awareness measures handbook. CRC Press.

Ghasemi, F., Samavat, P., & Soleimani, F. (2019). The links among workload, sleep quality, and fatigue in nurses: A structural equation modeling approach. Fatigue: Biomedicine, Health & Behavior, 7(3), 141-152.

Hart, S. G., & Staveland, L. E. (1988). Development of NASA-TLX (Task Load Index) result of empirical and theoritical research. Advances in Psychology, 52, 139-183.

Hastings, M. H., & O'Neill, J. S. (2015). Cytosolic and transcriptional cycles underlying circadian oscillations. In C. S. Colwel, Circadian Medicine (pp. 1-18). Wiley & Sons.

Hayes, A. F. (2013). Introduction to mediation, meoderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach. The Guilford Press.

Heidarimoghadam, R., Saidnia, H., Joudaki, J., Mohammadi, Y., & Babamiri, M. (2019). Does mental workload can lead to musculoskeletal disorders in healthcare office workers? Suggest and investigate a path, Cogent Psychology, 6(1), 1-8.

Hirshkowitz, N., Whiton, K., Albert, S. M., Alessi, C., Bruni, O., DonCarlos, L., & Hillard, P. J. (2015). National sleep foundation’s sleep time duration recommendations: Methodology and result summary. Sleep Health, 1, 40-43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleh.2014.12.010

Hockey, R. (2013). The psychology of fatigue: Work, effort and control. Cambridge University Press.

Hossain, J. L., Reinish, L. W., Kayumov, L., Bhuiya, P., & Shapiro, C. M. (2003). Underlying sleep pathology may cause chronic high fatigue in shift‐workers. Journal of Sleep Research, 12(3), 223–230. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2869.2003.00354.x

Hsu, H. C. (2019). Age differences in work stress, exhaustion, well-being, and related factors from an ecological perspective. Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(1), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16010050

Jansen, E. C., Peterson, K. E., O'Brien, L., Hershner, S., & Boolani, A. (2020). Associations between mental workload and sleep quality in a sample of young adults recruited from a US college town. Behavioral Sleep Medicine, 18(4), 513-522. https://doi.org/10.1080/15402002.2019.1626728

Jauhari, M. A. (2019). Analysis on factors causing fatigue among steel casting workers at PT X Sidoarjo. The Indonesian Journal of Occupational Safety and Health, 8(2), 224-232. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/ijosh.v8i2.2019.224-232

Juda, M., Vetter, C., & Roenneberg, T. (2013). Chronotype modulates sleep duration, sleep quality, and social jet lag in shift-workers, Journal of Biological Rhythms, 28(2), 141-151. https://doi.org/10.1177/0748730412475042

Khalsa, S. B., Jewett, M. E., Cajochen, C., & Czeisler, C. A. (2003). A phase response curve to single bright light pulses in human subjects. The Journal of Physiology, 549(3), 945-952. https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.2003.040477

Krystal, A. D., & Edinger, J. D. (2008). Measuring sleep quality. Sleep Medicine, 9(1), S10-S17. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1389-9457(08)70011-X

Legault, G. (2011). Sleep and heat related changes in the cognitive performance of underground miners: A possible health and safety concern. Minerals, 1(1), 49–72. https://doi.org/10.3390/min1010049

Li, C., Zhang, Y., Randhawa, A. K., & Madigan, D. J. (2020). Emotional exhaustion and sleep problems in university students: Does mental toughness matter? Personality and Individual Differences, 163, 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2020.110046

Litwiller, B., Snyder, L. A., Taylor, W. D., & Steele, L. M. (2017). The relationship between sleep and work: A Meta-Analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 102(4), 682-699. https://doi.org/10.1037/apl0000169

MacKinnon, D. P. (2008). Introduction to statistical mediation analysis. Taylor & Francis Group.

Michael, J. D., ValleBianca, Cox, J., Kalns, J. e., & Fogt, D. L. (2013). Salivary biomarkers of physical fatigue as markers of sleep deprivation, Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine, 9(12), 1325-1331. https://doi.org/10.5664/jcsm.3280

Mulia, S. A. (2019). Work fatigue based on workload and calories intake in several food. The Indonesian Journal of Occupational Safety and Health, 158-167. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/ijosh.v8i2.2019.158-167

Mustofani, & Dwiyanti, E. (2019). Relationship between work climate and physical workload with work related fatigue. The Indonesian Journal of Occupational Safety and Health, 8(2), 150-157. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/ijosh.v8i2.2019.150-157

National Safety Council. (2017). Worklpace fatigue: Causes, consequences, and managing risks. NSC.org.

Park, Y., & Sprung, J. M. (2015). Weekly work–school conflict, sleep quality, and fatigue: Recovery self-efficacy as a cross-level. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 36(1), 112-127. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.1953

Patterson, P. D., Weaver, M. D., Frank, R. C., Warner, C. W., Martin-Gill, C., Guyette, F. X., . . . Hubble, M. W. (2012). Association between poor sleep, fatigue, and safety outcomes in emergency medical services providers. Prehospital Emergency Care, 16(1), 86-97. https://doi.org/10.3109/10903127.2011.616261

Peetz, D., Murray, G., & Muurlink, O. (2012). Work and hours amongst mining and energy workers. Centre for Work, Organisation and Well-being, Griffith University.

Querstret, D., & Cropley, M. (2012). Exploring the relationship between work-related rumination, sleep quality, and work-related fatigue. American Psychological Association, 17(3), 341-353. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0028552

Rajaratnam, S. M., & Arendt, J. (2001). Health in A 24-H society. Lancet, 358(9286), 999-1005. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(01)06108-6

Roenneberg, T. (2012). Internal time: Chronotypes, social jet lag, and why you're so tired. DuMont Buchverlag.

Techera, U., Hallowell, M., Stambaugh, N., & Littlejohn, R. (2016a). Causes and consequences of occupational fatigue: Meta-analysis and systems model. J Occup Environ Med, 58(10), 961-973. https://doi.org/10.1097/JOM.0000000000000837.

Techera, U., Stambaugh, n., & Littlejohn, R. (2016b). Causes and consequences of occupational fatigue: Analysis and systems model. Journal of Occupational and Environment Medicine, 58(10), 961-973. https://doi.org/10.1097/JOM.0000000000000837.

Thach, T.-Q., Mahirah, D., Dunleavy, G., Zhang, Y., Nazeha, N., Rykov, Y., . . . Car, J. (2020). Association between shift work and poor sleep quality in an asian multi-ethnic working population: A cross-sectional study. Research Article, 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0229693

Theron, W. J., & Van Heerden, G. M. (2011). Fatigue knowledge: A new lever in safety management. The Journal of The Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, 111(1), 1-10.

Torsvall, L., Åkerstedt, T., Gillander, K., & Knutsson, A. (1989). Sleep on the night shift 24 hours EEG monitoring of spontaneous sleep wake behavior. Psychophysiology, 26(3), 352-358. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8986.1989.tb01934.x

Vedaa, Ø. H., Bjorvatn, B., Waage, S., Sivertsen, B., Tucker, P., & Pallesen, S. (2016). Systematic review of the relationship between quick returns in rotating shift work and health-related outcomes. Ergonomics, 59(1), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1080/00140139.2015.1052020

Williamson, A., Lombardi, D. A., Folkard, S., Stutts, J., Courtney, T. K., & Connor, J. L. (2011). The link between fatigue and safety, Accident Analysis & Prevention, 43(2), 498-515. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2009.11.011

Windwood, P. C., Winefield, A. H., & Lushington, K. (2006). Work-related fatigue and recovery: The contribution of Age, Domestic, responsibilities and shiftwork. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 56(4), 438-449. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.2006.04011.x.

Wong, J. H., & Kelloway, E. K. (2016). Fatigue and safety at work. In J. Barling, C. M. Barnes, E. Carleton, & D. Wagner, Work and sleep: Research insight for the workplace (pp. 171-192). Oxford Scholarship.

Wong, K., Chan, A. H., & Ngan, S. C. (2019). The effect of long working hours and overtime on occupational health: A Meta-analysis of evidence from 1998 to 2018. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 6(12), 1-22. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16122102

Wyatt, J. K., & Cvengros, J. A. (2012). Delayed and advanced sleep phase disorders. In T. J. Barkoukis, J. K. Matheson, R. Ferber, & K. Doghrami, Therapy in Sleep Medicine (pp. 402-410). Elsevier.



DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jpsi.61154

Article Metrics

Abstract views : 5772 | views : 4390

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Bookmark and Share


Copyright (c) 2021 Jurnal Psikologi

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Creative Commons LicenseJurnal Psikologi (jpsi) is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.