Oral Pre-cancer and Oral Cancer Detection by ATR- FTIR Spectrometry using Blood Serum and Multivariate Data Analysis
Abstract
Oral cancer is the most prominent cancer in men and third most common cancer in women in India. Tobacco is one of the leading factors for cancer. There are various conventional methods in practice to determine the cancer. Unfortunately all of them are invasive method, hence it would become essential to develop a non-invasive method which can be used easily for screening of these diseases. Attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) is proposed to be an efficient minimally invasive method which uses serum for detection of oral cancer and pre-cancer. Serum samples of 12 oral cancer patients, 11 oral submucous fibrosis patients and 10 healthy controls were taken and analysed. Unsupervised hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) were performed to process the serum IR spectra. HCA obtained higher efficiency though two oral cancer variables were misclassified as healthy control. ROC curve has also shown a higher accuracy among oral cancer, pre-cancer and healthy controls. It was observed that, the healthy controls had prominent peaks at 1339, 1316, 1074, 1739 and 1770 cm-1 wavenumber regions which were not present in serum samples collected from oral cancer and oral submucous fibrosis patients. These ranges correspond to the vibrations of several functional groups of DNA, RNA, collagen, amino acid and ester group which play a pivotal role in segregation of oral cancer and oral pre-cancer. It indicated that this method is possibly useful in diagnosis of malignancy which provide new insights for easier detection methods that are presently expensive and difficult.
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