Analysis of Prediabetes Risk Factors at Primary Health Care Centers

https://doi.org/10.22146/rpcpe.74552

Russy Novita Andriani(1*), Yogi Fitriadi(2), Cornelia Wahyu Danawati(3), Hari Koesnanto(4), Robikhul Ikhsan(5)

(1) Sorogenen Medical Center; Yogyakarta; Indonesia
(2) Department of Family and Community Medicine; Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing; Universitas Gadjah Mada; Indonesia
(3) Department of Family and Community Medicine; Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing; Universitas Gadjah Mada; Indonesia
(4) Department of Family and Community Medicine; Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing; Universitas Gadjah Mada; Indonesia
(5) Department of Internal Medicine; Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing; Universitas Gadjah Mada; Indonesia
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


Background: The condition of prediabetes is still reversible whereas diabetes is irreversible. Prediabetes prevalence continues to increase rapidly worldwide. It is estimated that >470 million people will have prediabetes by 2030. The prevalence and risk factors for the cause of prediabetes in the Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta (DIY) are not known because there was not enough research and data. Yogyakarta has a high risk of prediabetes because Yogyakarta has the highest level of sugar consumption in Indonesia (16.9%). Objective: This research aimed to analyze the risk factors for prediabetes and identify the most dominant risk factors for prediabetes in primary health care centers at DIY. Methods: This observational, analytical research used a cross-sectional study approach. The population of this research was the population in DIY. The subjects of the research were a group of individuals aged >25 years in Sleman and Bantul who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. A sample size estimate of the study was a minimum of 312 patients. The data were analyzed by using chi square and multivariate logistic regression with significance set as p<0.05. Results: The research was conducted in two districts of Sleman and Bantul. The total number of study subjects was 346 and 67people were excluded because they had diabetes. Subjects with hypertension and prediabetes were 20 people and statistically significant with the value of p = 0.001 (Prevalence Ratio (PR) = 3.16 95% CI: 2.85-3.46). Age was also associated with the incidence of prediabetes with p = 0.029. The results of the multivariate logistic regression analysis were p>0.05 was hypertension (p = 0.022, PR 4.239; 95% CI: 0.203-0.962) and central obesity (p = 0.040, PR 5.253; 95% CI: 0.163-0.868). Conclusion: Prediabetes prevalence was 11.1% in the study population. The risk factors associated with the incidence of prediabetes were age, central obesity and hypertension. The most dominant factor was central obesity.


Keywords


prediabetes, risk factors, central obesity, diabetes, hypertension

Full Text:

PDF


References

  1. Heymsfield SB, Segal KR, Hauptman J, Lucas CP, Boldrin MN, Rissanen A, et al. Effects of weight loss with orlistat on glucose tolerance and progression to type 2 diabetes in obese adults. Archives of Internal Medicine. 2000;160(9):1321-6.
  2. Saldah IP, Sidik D. Faktor Risiko Kejadian Prediabetes/Diabetes Melitus Gestasional Di RSIA Sitti Khadijah I Kota Makassar [Thesis]. Makasar: Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat, Universitas Hasanuddin; 2008.
  3. Tabák AG, Herder C, Rathmann W, Brunner EJ, Kivimäki M. Prediabetes: a high-risk state for diabetes development. The Lancet. 2012;379(9833):2279-90.
  4. Soewondo P, Pramono LA. Prevalence, characteristics, and predictors of pre-diabetes in Indonesia. Medical Journal of Indonesia. 2011;20(4):283-94.
  5. Garber AJ, Handelsman Y, Einhorn D, Bergman DA, Bloomgarden ZT, Fonseca V, et al. Diagnosis and management of prediabetes in the continuum of hyperglycemia—when do the risks of diabetes begin?: a consensus statement from the American College of Endocrinology and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists. Endocrine Practice. 2008;14(7):933-46.
  6. Yunir EM, Waspadji S, Rahajeng E. The pre-diabetic epidemiological study in Depok, West Java. Acta Med Indones. 2009;41(4):181-5.
  7. Nasrul E, Sofitri S. Hiperurisemia pada pra diabetes. Jurnal Kesehatan Andalas. 2012;1(2).
  8. Hutabarat YHN, Asdie AH. Obesitas Sentral Sebagai Faktor Risiko Terjadinya Prediabetes Di Kota Cimahi [Thesis]. Yogyakarta: FK UGM; 2012.
  9. Warren TY, Wilcox S, Dowda M, Baruth M. Peer Reviewed: Independent association of waist circumference with hypertension and diabetes in African American women, South Carolina, 2007–2009. Preventing Chronic Disease. 2012;9:E105.
  10. Lukich E, Matas Z, Boaz M, Shargorodsky M. Increasing derangement of glucose homeostasis is associated with increased arterial stiffness in patients with diabetes, impaired fasting glucose and normal controls. Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 2010;26(5):365–70.
  11. Zieman SJ, Melenovsky V, Kass DA. Mechanisms, pathophysiology, and therapy of arterial stiffness. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2005;25(5):932–43.
  12. Madonna R, Balistreri CR, Geng YJ, De Caterina R. Diabetic microangiopathy: pathogenetic insights and novel therapeutic approaches. Vascul Pharmacol. 2017;90:1–7.
  13. Willi C, Bodenmann P, Ghali WA, Faris PD, Cornuz J. Active smoking and the risk of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA. 2007;298(22):2654-64.
  14. Sakai Y, Yamaji T, Tabata S, Ogawa S, Yamaguchi K, Mineshita M, et al. Relation of alcohol use and smoking to glucose tolerance status in Japanese men. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice. 2006;73(1):83-8.



DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/rpcpe.74552

Article Metrics

Abstract views : 1446 | views : 1151

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2022 Russy Novita Andriani

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

View My Stats