Pengaruh Suhu Operasi terhadap Penentuan Karakteristik Pengeringan Busa Sari Buah Tomat Menggunakan Tray Dryer

https://doi.org/10.22146/jrekpros.39019

Tri Hariyadi(1*)

(1) Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Politeknik Negeri Bandung, Jl. Gegerkalong Hilir, Ds. Ciwaruga, Bandung 40012
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


A B S T R A C T

Food damage can be caused by intrinsic and extrinsic factors. The causes of intrinsic factors involve water activity (aw) and moisture content, the level of maturity and the nature of the food material itself. Meanwhile, the causes of extrinsic factors were the air composition, temperature, pressure, population and microbial contamination.  Drying is one of the most widely used preservative methods, namely by evaporating most of the water contained in food by heat energy. This work studied the effect of operating conditions on the characteristics of tomato drying using tray dryer with the addition of foaming agent albumin and carrier agent dextrin which function as foam stabilizer. Tomatoes used as raw materials were ripe tomatoes, fresh red, and the same relative diameter, not physiologically and mechanically damaged. In this work, tomatoes were sliced, crushed for 10 minutes using blender, separated from the seeds and the residues with a 60-mesh sieve, and then mixed with dextrin and foaming agent albumin each as much as 5% weight. The mixture was blended for 10 minutes. The tray dryer was filled with hot air at 2.0 m/sec with temperature variation of 40, 50, 60 or 70°C. The stainless-steel dish containing tomato paste with thickness of 2 mm or 4 mm was inserted to the dryer. The tomato paste was weighted every 5 minutes. It is found, at a thickness of 2 mm, the optimum drying occurred at a temperature of 70 with critical time, tc, for 0.92 hours, critical water content of the sample, Xc, 1.40 %, and constant drying rate, Rc, 897.12 kg/m2.hour. In drying operations of 4 mm thickness, optimum drying occurs at 50 temperature with critical time, tc, for 1.92 hours, critical water content of sample, Xc, 2.56 %, and constant drying rate, Rc, 175.52 kg/m2.hour.

Keywords: cake thickness, drying rate, foaming agent, tomato, tray dryer.


A B S T R A K

Terjadinya kerusakan bahan pangan dapat disebabkan oleh faktor intrinsik dan ekstrinsik. Penyebab faktor intrinsik di antaranya aktivitas air (aw) dan kadar air, tingkat kematangan dan sifat bahan pangan itu sendiri. Sedangkan penyebab dari faktor ekstrinsik seperti komposisi udara, suhu, tekanan, populasi dan tingkat kontaminasi mikrobia. Pengeringan merupakan salah satu metode pengawetan yang paling banyak digunakan, yaitu dengan cara menguapkan sebagian besar air yang terkandung di dalam bahan pangan dengan menggunakan energi panas. Penelitian ini mempelajari karakteristik pengeringan busa sari buah tomat menggunakan tray dryer dengan penambahan foaming agent albumin dan carrier agent dextrin yang berfungsi sebagai foam stabilizer. Tomat yang digunakan sebagai bahan baku adalah tomat matang, merah segar, diameter relatif sama, tidak rusak secara fisiologis dan mekanis. Di dalam penelitian ini, tomat diiris dan dihaluskan menggunakan blender selama 10 menit. Biji dan ampasnya dipisahkan dari bubur tomat dengan ayakan berukuran 60 mesh. Kemudian bubur tomat dicampurkan dextrin dan foaming agent albumin masing-masing sebanyak 5% berat. Campuran tersebut dihaluskan dengan blender selama 10 menit. Tray dryer dialiri udara panas dengan laju 2,0 m/detik dengan variasi temperatur 40, 50, 60 atau 70 oC. Loyang stainless steel yang berisi bubur tomat dengan ketebalan 2 mm atau 4 mm dimasukkan ke dalam tray dryer. Berat bubur tomat diukur setiap 5 menit. Hasil yang diperoleh, pada ketebalan 2 mm, pengeringan optimum terjadi pada temperatur 70 ℃ dengan waktu kritis, tc, selama 0,92 jam, kadar air kritis sampel, Xc, 1,40 %, dan laju pengeringan konstan, Rc, 897,12 kg/m2.jam. Pada operasi pengeringan dengan ketebalan 4 mm, pengeringan optimum terjadi pada temperatur 50 ℃ dengan waktu kritis, tc, selama 1,92 jam, kadar air kritis sampel, Xc, 2,56 %, dan laju pengeringan konstan, Rc, 175,52 kg/m2.jam.

Kata kunci: foaming agent, ketebalan bubur, laju pengeringan, tomat, tray dryer.



Keywords


cake thickness, drying rate, foaming agent, tomato, tray dryer

Full Text:

PDF


References

Abdulmalik I. O, Amonye M. C., Ambali A. O., Umeanuka P. O., Mahdi M., 2014, Appropriate technology for tomato powder production, International Journal of Engineering Inventions, 3 (8), 29-34.

Figiel, A. and Michalska, A. 2017, Overall quality of fruits and vegetables products affected by the drying processes with the assistance of vacuum-microwaves, Int. J. Mol. Sci., 18 (71), 1-18,

Santos de Sousa, A., Borges, S.V., Magalhães, N. F., Ricardo, H.V., and Azevedo, A.D., 2008, Spray-dried tomato powder: reconstitution properties and colour, Braz. arch. biol. technol., 51 (4), 807-814.

Jorge, A., Almeida, D.M., Canteri, M.H.G., Sequinel, T., Kubaski, E.T., and Tebcherani, S.M., 2014, Evaluation of the chemical composition and colour in long-life tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) dehydrated by combined drying methods, Int. J. Food Sci. Technol., 49 (9), 2001-2007.

Swastika A. NSP, Mufrod, Purwanto, 2013, Antioxidant activity of cream dosage form of tomato extract (Solanum lycopersicum L.), Trad. Med. J., 18(3), 132-140.

Bimbenet, J.J., Duquenoy, A. and Trystram, G., 2002, Genie des Procedes Alimentaires, des bases aux applications, 2nd edition, Dunod, Paris

Elmi Kamsiati, 2006, Processing tomato powder (Licopersicon esculentum Mill.) by “foam-mat drying”, Jurnal Teknologi Pertanian, 7 (2), 113-119.

Krischer, O., 1993, Die Wissenschaftlischen Grundlagen der Trockningstechnik, Springer Verlag,

Afrianti, L.H., 2008, Teknologi Pengawetan Pangan, Alfabeta, Yogyakarta

Sramek, M., Schweiggert, R.M., Kampen, A., Carle, R. and Kohlus, R., 2015, Preparation of high-grade powders from tomato paste using a vacuum foam drying method, J. Food Sci., 80 (8), 1755-1762

Djaeni M., Prasetyaningrum A., Sasongko, S. B., Widayat, W., Hii, C. L., 2015, Application of foam-mat drying with egg white for carrageenan: drying rate and product quality aspects, J. Food Sci. Technol., 52(2), 1170–1175

Jangam, S.V., Law, C. L., and Mujumdar A.S., 2010, Use of renewable source of energy for drying of FVF in Drying of Foods, Vegetables and Fruits, Vol. 1, National University of Singapore, Singapore

Maqsood S., Omer, I. and Eldin, A.K, 2015, Quality attributes, moisture sorption isotherm, phenolic content and antioxidative activities of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) as influenced by method of drying, Int. J. Food Sci. Technol., 52(11), 7059–7069.

Sangamithra A., Venkatachalam, S., John, S.G., and Kuppuswamy, K., 2014, Foam mat drying of food materials: A review, J. Food Process. Preserv., 39(6), 3165-3174.

Saripudin, Hariyadi, T., 2018, The making of tomato powder with addition of maltodextrin as a carrier agent and egg white powder as a foaming agent, Prosiding Seminar Nasional Teknik Kimia “Kejuangan”, K15, pp.1-7.

Sumardiono, S., Basri, M., Sihombing, R.P., 2009, Analisis Sifat-sifat Psiko-kimia Buah Tomat (Lycopersicon Esculentum) Jenis Tomat Apel, Guna Peningkatan Nilai Fungsi Buah Tomat sebagai Komoditi Pangan Lokal, Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang.

Sunarmani, Agustinisari I., Hastuti N., dan Yulianingsih, 2005, Studi Pembuatan Pasta Tomat dari Beberapa Varietas, Prosiding Seminar Nasional Teknologi lnovatif Pascapanen untuk Pengembangan lndustri Berbasis Pertanian, 399-407.

Hariyadi, T., Witono, J.R., Santoso, H., 2017, Pengaruh Kondisi Operasi dan Foaming Agent Terhadap Kualitas Serbuk Tomat Pada Pengeringan Menggunakan Tray Dryer, Prosiding Seminar Nasional Sains dan Teknologi 2017, TK-024, pp.1-10.

Tunde-Akintunde T. Y. and Ogunlakin, G. O., 2013, Mathematical modeling of drying of pretreated and untreated pumpkin, J. Food Sci. Technol., 50(4), 705–713.

Fitrotin, U., Purnomo, H., Susanto, T., 2000, Pembuatan Bubuk Sari Buah Tomat Dengan Metode Spray Drying. Kajian dari pH Awal, Konsentrasi Dextrin, Tween 80 dan Lama Penyimpanan, Fakultas Teknologi Hasil Pertanian, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang.

Zeki Berk, 2009, Food Process Engineering and Technology, 2nd, 2009, Academic Press, Cambridge, United States.



DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jrekpros.39019

Article Metrics

Abstract views : 19484 | views : 100824

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.




Copyright (c) 2018 The authors

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.