Paraquat Herbicide in Peat Soil: I. Its Effects on the Dynamics of Microbial Population

https://doi.org/10.22146/jpti.12386

Sebastian Margino(1*), Erni Martani(2), Bambang Hendro Sunarminto(3)

(1) Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Gadjah Mada
(2) Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Gadjah Mada
(3) Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Gadjah Mada
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


Paraquat has been used widely and periodically in peat soil. It is stable in acid environments, therefore its application in peat soil which represents an acid environment, might prolong its persistence. Liming treatment has known to reduce peat soil acidity. This research was conducted to study the effect of paraquat and liming treatments on the dynamics of microbial population in peat soil. Unlimed and limed peat soil were treated with paraquat to a final concentration of 20 ppm, and incubated for 2 months. Microbiological analysis, consisting of counting of bacterial, actinomycetes, and fungal population were done weekly. The changes of pH value and paraquat residue were also measured. The results showed that in unlimed peat soil, paraquat treatment did not influence microbial population. However, when paraquat was added into limed peat soil, the number of microbial population decreased; especially the population of bacteria. Liming treatment increased bacterial population and changed the population dynamics of actinomycetes. No significant difference of fungal population in peat soil treated with paraquat and lime. Additionally, there was no significant difference in paraquat resistance between limed and unlimed peat soil.

Keywords


paraquat; peat soil; microbial population

Full Text:

PDF


References

Anonymous. 1984. Paraquat: Its Safety to Human Health and the Environment. I.C.I. Agrochemical Information Bulletin. England.

Anonymous. 1991. Kesuburan Tanah. Direktorat Jenderal Pendidikan Tinggi. Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan.

Ashton, F.M. & A.S. Crafts. 1981. "Bipyridiliums" In Mode of Action of Herbicides. Wiley. New York.

Calderbank, A. & L.J. Audus. 1976. Herbicides Chemistry, Degradation and Mode of Action. Marcel Dekker. New York.

Carr, R.J.G., R.F. Bilton & T. Atkinson. 1985. Mechanism of Biodegradation of Paraquat by Lipomyces starkeyi. Appl.Environ. Microbial. 49: 1290-1294.

___________. 1986. Toxicity of Paraquat to Microorganism. Appl. Environ. Microbial. 52: 1112-1116.

Donahue, R.L., R.W. Miller & J.C. Shickluna. 1975. Soil and Production.In Introduction to Soil Sand Plant Growth. 4th Edition.Pretice-Hall. Inc.

Dyson, J.S. 1995. Ecological Safety of Paraquat with Particular Reference to Soil across the World. ZENECA. Agrochemical. Jealott's. Hill Reaserch Station. Bracknell. Berkshire. United Kingdom.

Fryer, J.D. & R.J. Makepeace. 1977. Weed Control Handbook. Volume I. Principles. J.B. Lippincott Company. Philadelphia. USA.

Glonn, C.K., F.M. Ashton & L.J. Noordhof. 1982. Weed Science Principles and Practices. John Wiley, USA.

Hata, S., K. Shirata & H. Takahashi. 1986. Degradation of Paraquat and Diquat by Yeast Lipomyces starkeyi. J. Gen. Appl. M icrobiol, 32: 132-202.

Hill, I.R. & S.J.L. Wright. 1978. Pesticide Microbiology: Microbial Aspects of Pesticide Behaviour in the Environment. Acad. Press, London.

Katayama, A. & S. Kuwatsuka. 1992. Microflora with Long-Term Application of Paraquat. J. Pest. Sci. 17: 137-139.

Kuswandi. 1993. Pengapuran Tanah Pertanian. Kanisius. Yogyakarta.

Lane. M.G.C., L. Anderson, J. Ngim, T.H. Chia, C.H. Lam & A. Daorai. 1997. Fate of Paraquat in Tropical Soils. J. Agric. Food Chem. 160-166.

Martani. E. & M. Seto. 1991. Effects of Mineral Nutrients on the Degradation of 2.4-Dichlorophenol at Low Concentrations by Microbial Community and Bacterial Isolates. J. Pesticide Sci. 16: 1-7.

Martani, E. 1995. Biodegradasi Karbofuran dalam Sistem Perairan oleh Komunitas Mikrobia dan Isolat Bakteri. Proceed. of Seminar 111 Bioremediation, Ujung Pandang.

Moat, G.A. 1979. Microbial Physiology. A Wiley lnterscience Publication, New York.

Pasi, A. 1978. The Toxicity of Paraquat, Diquat and Morfamaquat. Hans Huber Publishers. Vienna. Switzerland.

Radjagukguk, B. I. 1983. Pengapuran Tanah Masam: Usaha untuk Meningkatkan Produksi Pangan Dunia. Fakultas Pertanian UGM. Yogyakarta.

Rao, N.S.S. 1982. Biofertilizer in Agriculture. Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. New Delhi.

Riley, D. & W. Wilkinson. 1976. Biological Unavailability of Bound Paraquat Residues in Soil. LC.I. Plant Protection. Division. Jealott's. Hill Reaserch Station. Bracknell. Berkshire.United Kingdom.

Staiff, D.C., L.C. Butler & J.E. Davis. 1981. A Field Study of Chemical Degradation of Paraquat Following Simulated Spillage on Soil. In S. Silva, L. Howard, A. Merrit, C. Siamban, and S. Valja (Abstr.), Chemical Properties. Toxicity and Biodegradation of Paraquat.

Stevenson, F.J. I 994. Humus Chemistry; Genesis, Composition, Reactions. John Wiley, Canada.

Sunarminto, B.H., E. Martani & S. Handayani. 2000. Paraquat dalam Lahan Gambut: III. Pengaruh Pemupukan dan Pengapuran terhadap Sifat Fisika Tanah Gambut. Submitted to J. Ilmu Tanah dan Lingkungan. In press.

WHO. 1984. Environmental Health Criteria 39, Paraquat and Diquat Geneva.

Zweig, G. 1967. Analytical Methods for Pesticides, Plant. Regulator Food Additives Vol. V. Additional Principles & Methods Analysis. Acad. Press, New York.



DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jpti.12386

Article Metrics

Abstract views : 1428 | views : 464

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Bookmark and Share


Copyright (c) 2000 Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia ISSN 1410-1637 (print), ISSN 2548-4788 (online) is published by the Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada, in collaboration with Indonesian Entomological Society (Perhimpunan Entomologi Indonesia, PEI) and Indonesian Phytopathological Society (Perhimpunan Fitopatologi Indonesia, PFI). The content of this website is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.  

View website statistics