Development of Face Recognition Software to Differentiate Autism Spectrum Disorder from Typical Adolescents

https://doi.org/10.22146/jpsi.60459

Supra Wimbarti(1*), Willy Kristianto Yappy(2)

(1) Faculty of Psychology, Universitas Gadjah Mada
(2) Universität des Saarlandes
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


The purpose of this research was two folds: (1) to establish the face recognition software; and (2) to differentiate the ability in face recognition between Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) from typical adolescents. The subjects were adolescents between 10-16 years old. The experimental group consisted of 31 adolescents with ASD, the control group consisted of 32 typical adolescents. Research was done using experimental method, with face recognition software. Data collected were the number of correct faces recognized and the time needed to recognize and touch the face. The hypothesis was adolescents with ASD have worse face recognition ability compared to typical adolescents. Result showed that there were differences between ASD group compared to normal group both in the number of correct face recognitions and the time needed to choose a face with a finger touch. A one-way MANOVA revealed a significant multivariate main effect for type of groups toward the number of correct answers and time needed to answer, Wilks’ λ = 0.739, F (2,60) = 10.610, p < 0.001. The univariate main effect were also examined, whereupon significant univariate main effect for type of groups were obtained for both the amount of correct answer, F (1,61) = 15.468 p < 0.001, and the amount of time needed to answer, F (1,61) = 21.360 p < 0.001.


Keywords


adolescent; autism spectrum disorder; diagnoses; fusiform gyrus; neurodevelopmental disorder

Full Text:

PDF


References

American Psychiatric Association (Ed.). (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-5 (5th ed). Washington, D.C: American Psychia­tric Association.

Anggraeni, R. (2017, July). Waspada! anak autis bisa alami gangguan jiwa [News]. Retrieved from https://lifestyle.sindonews.com/read/1220611/155/waspada-anak-autis-bisa-alami-gangguan-jiwa-1500006434 March 21, 2018.

Apicella, F., Sicca, F., Federico, R. R., Campatelli, G., & Muratori, F. (2013). Fusiform Gyrus responses to neutral and emotional faces in children with Autism Spectrum Disorders: a High Density ERP study. Behavioural Brain Research, 251, 155–162. doi: 10.1016/j.bbr.2012.10.040

Carver, L. J., & Dawson, G. (2002). Development and neural bases of face recognition in autism. Molecular Psychiatry, 7(S2), S18–S20. doi: 10.1038/sj.mp.4001168

Connellan, J., Baron-Cohen, S., Wheelwright, S., Batki, A., & Ahluwalia, J. (2000). Sex differences in human neonatal social perception. Infant Behavior and Development, 23(1), 113–118. doi: 10.1016/S0163-6383(00)00032-1

Courchesne, E. (2003). Evidence of brain overgrowth in the first year of life in autism. JAMA, 290(3), 337. doi: 10.1001/jama.290.3.337

Ehlers, S., Gillberg, C., & Wing, L. (1999). A screening questionnaire for asperger syndrome and other high-functioning autism spectrum disorders in school age children. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 29(2), 14.

Golarai, G., Grill-Spector, K., & Reiss, A. L. (2006). Autism and the development of face processing. Clinical Neuroscience Research, 6(3), 145–160. doi: 10.1016/j.cnr.2006.08.001

Grelotti, D. J., Klin, A. J., Gauthier, I., Skudlarski, P., Cohen, D. J., Gore, J. C., … Schultz, R. T. (2005). fMRI activation of the fusiform gyrus and amygdala to cartoon characters but not to faces in a boy with autism. Neuropsychologia, 43(3), 373–385. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2004.06.015

Herbert, M. R., Ziegler, D. A., Deutsch, C. K., O’Brien, L. M., Lange, N., Bakardjiev, A., … Caviness, V. S. (2003). Dissociations of cerebral cortex, subcortical and cerebral white matter volumes in autistic boys. Brain, 126(5), 1182–1192. doi: 10.1093/brain/awg110

Joseph, R. M., & Tanaka, J. (2003). Holistic and part-based face recognition in children with autism. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 44(4), 529–542.

Kleinman, J. M., Robins, D. L., Ventola, P. E., Pandey, J., Boorstein, H. C., Esser, E. L., … Fein, D. (2008). The modified checklist for autism in toddlers: a follow-up study investigating the early detection of autism spectrum disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 38(5), 827–839. doi: 10.1007/s10803-007-0450-9

Lai, D.-C., Tseng, Y.-C., Hou, Y.-M., & Guo, H.-R. (2012). Gender and geographic differences in the prevalence of autism spectrum disorders in children: Analysis of data from the national disability registry of Taiwan. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 33(3), 909–915. doi: 10.1016/j.ridd.2011.12.015

Manafe, D. (2018, July). Kesehatan jiwa di Indonesia masih terabaikan. Retrieved from https://www.beritasatu.com/nasional/502826-kesehatan-jiwa-di-indonesia-masih-terabaikan.html, January 19, 2019.

Lestari, M. R. D. (2016, October). Netralnews.com - Belum semua provinsi memiliki rumah sakit jiwa. Retrieved from http://www.netralnews.com/news/kesehatan/read/30282/belum-semua-provinsi-memiliki-rumah-sakit-jiwa, January 19, 2019.

Pierce, K., & Redcay, E. (2008). Fusiform function in children with an autism spectrum disorder is a matter of “Who.” Biological Psychiatry, 64(7), 552–560. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2008.05.013.

Russell, R., Sinha, P., Biederman, I., & Nederhouser, M. (2006). Is pigmen­tation important for face recognition? Evidence from contrast negation. Perception, 35(6), 749–759. doi: 10.1068/p5490

Schopler, E., Van Bourgondien, M. E., Wellman, G. J., & Love, S. R. (2010). Childhood autism rating scale, second edition (Manual). Torrance, CA: Western Psychological Services. Retrieved from http://www.childhealthcare.org/ug/CARS/CARS2_manual.pdf

Tanaka, J. W., Kiefer, M., & Bukach, C. M. (2004). A holistic account of the own-race effect in face recognition: evidence from a cross-cultural study. Cognition, 93(1), B1–B9. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2003.09.011

Tang, J., Falkmer, M., Horlin, C., Tan, T., Vaz, S., & Falkmer, T. (2015). Face recognition and visual search strate­gies in autism spectrum disorders: Amending and extending a recent review by Weigelt et al. PLOS ONE, 10(8), e0134439. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134439

van Kooten, I. A. J., Palmen, S. J. M. C., von Cappeln, P., Steinbusch, H. W. M., Korr, H., Heinsen, H., … Schmitz, C. (2008). Neurons in the fusiform gyrus are fewer and smaller in autism. Brain, 131(4), 987–999. doi: 10.1093/brain/awn033

Zhang, J., Li, X., Song, Y., & Liu, J. (2012). The fusiform face area is engaged in holistic, not parts-based, represen­tation of faces. PLoS ONE, 7(7), e40390. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0040390.



DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jpsi.60459

Article Metrics

Abstract views : 3602 | views : 3241

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Bookmark and Share


Copyright (c) 2020 Jurnal Psikologi

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Published by Faculty of Psychology Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia Building D-6th Floor No. D-606. Jl. Sosio Humaniora No. 1, Bulaksumur Yogyakarta, 55281
Email: jurnalpsikologi@ugm.ac.id
Phone/whatsApp: +6289527548628

Web Analytics Made Easy - StatCounter View My Stats