Psychometric Properties of Identity Style Inventory-5 Indonesian Version: Factor Structure, Reliability, and Criterion Validity
Abstract
This research evaluated the psychometric properties of the Identity Style Inventory-5 (ISI-5) Indonesian version using 763 adolescents aged 18-21 years. The evaluation process was carried out by examining the factor structure, reliability, and criterion validity using confirmatory factor analysis, composite reliability, and by correlating with other measuring instruments. The analysis results indicated that the ISI-5 version's factor structure with three factors of identity style and one identity commitment is fit with the data and has good internal consistency. The correlation between this version and other measuring instruments proves that it has fairly good criterion validity. The results showed that the ISI-5 Indonesian version is a valid and reliable instrument for measuring Indonesian adolescents' identity style and commitment.
Keywords
DOI: 10.22146/jpsi.46179
References
Arbuckle, J. L. (2012). IBM SPSS Amos 21 users guide. Amos Development Corporation.
Bagozzi, R. P., & Heatherton, T. F. (1994). A general approach to representing multifaceted personality constructs: Application to state self-esteem. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 1(1), 35–67. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705519409539961
Bandalos, D. L. (2018). Measurement theory and applications for the social sciences. New York: The Guilford Press.
Baumeister, R. F., & Muraven, M. (1996). Identity as adaptation to social, cultural, and historical context. Journal of Adolescence, 19(5), 405–416. https://doi.org/10.1006/jado.1996.0039
Bentler, P. M., & Bonett, D. G. (1980). Significance tests and goodness of fit in the analysis of covariance structures. Psychological Bulletin, 88(3), 588–606. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.88.3.588
Berzonsky, M. D. (1988). Self-theorists, identity status, and social cognition. In D. K. Lapsley & F. C. Power (Eds.), Self, ego, and identity: Integrative approaches (pp. 243–262). Springer.
Berzonsky, M. D. (1989). Identity style: Conceptualization and measurement. Journal of Adolescent Research, 4(3), 268–282. https://doi.org/10.1177/074355488943002
Berzonsky, M. D. (1990). Self-construction over the life-span: A process perspective on identity formation. In G. J. Neimeyer & R. A. Neimeyer (Eds.), Advances in personal construct psychology (pp. 155–186). JAI Press.
Berzonsky, M. D. (1992a). Identity style and coping strategies. Journal of Personality, 60(4), 771–788. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.1992.tb00273.x
Berzonsky, M. D. (1992b). Identity Style Inventory (ISI-3): Revised version. Cortland, NY: Department of Psychology, State University of New York.
Berzonsky, M. D. (1993). A constructivist view of identity development: People as post-positivist self-theorists. In J. Kroger (Ed.), Discussions on ego identity (pp. 169–183). Erlbaum.
Berzonsky, M. D. (1994). Self-identity: The relationship between process and content. Journal of Research in Personality, 28(4), 453–460. https://doi.org/10.1006/jrpe.1994.1032
Berzonsky, M. D. (2003). Identity style and well-being: Does commitment matter? Identity, 3(2), 131–142. https://doi.org/10.1207/S1532706XID030203
Berzonsky, M. D. (2004a). Identity processing style, self-construction, and personal epistemic assumptions: A social-cognitive perspective. European Journal of Developmental Psychology, 1(4), 303–315. https://doi.org/10.1080/17405620444000120
Berzonsky, M. D. (2004b). Identity style, parental authority, and identity commitment. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 33(3), 213–220. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:JOYO.0000025320.89778.29
Berzonsky, M. D. (2005). Ego identity: A personal standpoint in a postmodern world. Identity, 5(2), 125–136. https://doi.org/10.1207/s1532706xid0502_3
Berzonsky, M. D. (2008). Identity formation: The role of identity processing style and cognitive processes. Personality and Individual Differences, 44(3), 645–655. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2007.09.024
Berzonsky, M. D. (2011). A social-cognitive perspective on identity construction. In S. J. Schwartz, K. Luyckx, & V. L. Vignoles (Eds.), The handbook of identity theory and research (pp. 55–76). Springer.
Berzonsky, M. D., Branje, S. J. T., & Meeus, W. H. (2007). Identity-processing style, psychosocial resources, and adolescents’ perceptions of parent-adolescent relations. The Journal of Early Adolescence, 27(3), 324–345. https://doi.org/10.1177/0272431607302006
Berzonsky, M. D., & Cieciuch, J. (2016). Mediational role of identity commitment in relationships between identity processing style and psychological well-being. Journal of Happiness Studies, 17(1), 145–162. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-014-9588-2
Berzonsky, M. D., Cieciuch, J., Duriez, B., & Soenens, B. (2011). The how and what of identity formation: Associations between identity styles and value orientations. Personality and Individual Differences, 50(2), 295–299. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2010.10.007
Berzonsky, M. D., & Ferrari, J. R. (2009). A diffuse-avoidant identity processing style: Strategic avoidance or self-confusion? Identity, 9(2), 145–158. https://doi.org/10.1080/15283480802683607
Berzonsky, M. D., & Kuk, L. S. (2000). Identity status, identity processing style, and the transition to university. Journal of Adolescent Research, 15(1), 81–98. https://doi.org/10.1177/0743558400151005
Berzonsky, M. D., & Kuk, L. S. (2005). Identity style, psychosocial maturity, and academic performance. Personality and Individual Differences, 39(1), 235–247. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2005.01.010
Berzonsky, M. D., Macek, P., & Nurmi, J.-E. (2003). Interrelationships among identity process, content, and structure: A cross-cultural investigation. Journal of Adolescent Research, 18(2), 112–130. https://doi.org/10.1177/0743558402250344
Berzonsky, M. D., & Papini, D. R. (2015). Cognitive reasoning, identity components, and identity processing styles. Identity, 15(1), 74–88. https://doi.org/10.1080/15283488.2014.989444
Berzonsky, M. D., Soenens, B., Luyckx, K., Smits, I., Papini, D. R., & Goossens, L. (2013). Development and validation of the revised Identity Style Inventory (ISI-5): Factor structure, reliability, and validity. Psychological Assessment, 25(3), 893–904. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0032642
Bosch, L. A., & Card, N. A. (2012). A meta-analytic review of Berzonsky’s Identity Style Inventory (ISI). Journal of Adolescence, 35(2), 333–343. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2011.08.007
Bosma, H. A., & Kunnen, E. S. (2001). Determinants and mechanisms in ego identity development: A review and synthesis. Developmental Review, 21(1), 39–66. https://doi.org/10.1006/drev.2000.0514
Cole, D. A. (1987). Utility of confirmatory factor analysis in test validation research. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 55(4), 584–594. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.55.4.584
Crocetti, E., Rubini, M., Berzonsky, M. D., & Meeus, W. H. (2009). Brief report: The Identity Style Inventory – Validation in Italian adolescents and college students. Journal of Adolescence, 32(2), 425–433. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2008.04.002
Crocetti, E., Rubini, M., & Meeus, W. H. (2008). Capturing the dynamics of identity formation in various ethnic groups: Development and validation of a three-dimensional model. Journal of Adolescence, 31(2), 207–222. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2007.09.002
Crocetti, E., Schwartz, S. J., Fermani, A., Klimstra, T. A., & Meeus, W. H. (2012). A cross-national study of identity status in Dutch and Italian adolescents. European Psychologist, 17(3), 171–181. https://doi.org/10.1027/1016-9040/a000076
Crocetti, E., & Shokri, O. (2010). Iranian validation of the Identity Style Inventory. International Journal of Testing, 10(2), 185–199. https://doi.org/10.1080/15305050903534696
Crocetti, E., Sica, L. S., Schwartz, S. J., Serafini, T. E., & Meeus, W. H. (2013). Identity styles, dimensions, statuses, and functions: Making connections among identity conceptualizations. Revue Européenne de Psychologie Appliquée/European Review of Applied Psychology, 63(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erap.2012.09.001
Cudeck, R., & Browne, M. W. (1992). Constructing a covariance matrix that yields a specified minimizer and a specified minimum discrepancy function value. Psychometrika, 57(3), 357–369. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02295424
Duriez, B., Luyckx, K., Soenens, B., & Berzonsky, M. D. (2012). A process-content approach to adolescent identity formation: Examining longitudinal associations between identity styles and goal pursuits. Journal of Personality, 80(1), 135–161. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.2011.00729.x
Duriez, B., Soenens, B., & Beyers, W. (2004). Personality, identity styles, and religiosity: An integrative study among late adolescents in Flanders (Belgium). Journal of Personality, 72(5), 877–910. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-3506.2004.00284.x
Erikson, E. H. (1950). Childhood and society. W.W. Norton & Company, Inc.
Erikson, E. H. (1968). Identity: Youth and crisis. W.W. Norton & Company, Inc.
Furr, R. M. (2011). Scale construction and psychometrics for social and personality psychology. Sage Publications, Inc.
Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2014). A primer on partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). Sage Publications, Inc.
Hambleton, R. K. (2005). Issues, designs and technical guidelines for adapting tests into multiple languages and cultures. In R. K. Hambleton, P. F. Merenda, & C. D. Spielberger (Eds.), Adapting educational and psychological tests for cross-cultural assessment (pp. 3–38). Erlbaum.
Hassan, B., Vignoles, V. L., & Schwartz, S. J. (2018). Researching identity styles in Pakistan: Confirmatory factor analysis and associations with commitment and value priorities. Identity, 18(3), 232–246. https://doi.org/10.1080/15283488.2018.1487843
Jandt, F. E. (2009). An introduction to intercultural communication: Identities in a global community (6th ed.). Sagepub.
Kroger, J. (2000). Ego identity status research in the new millennium. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 24(2), 145–148. https://doi.org/10.1080/016502500383250
Luyckx, K., Lens, W., Smits, I., & Goossens, L. (2010). Time perspective and identity formation: Short-term longitudinal dynamics in college students. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 34(3), 238–247. https://doi.org/10.1177/0165025409350957
Luyckx, K., Schwartz, S. J., Soenens, B., Vansteenkiste, M., & Goossens, L. (2010). The path from identity commitments to adjustment: Motivational underpinnings and mediating mechanisms. Journal of Counseling & Development, 88(1), 52–60. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1556-6678.2010.tb00150.x
Luyckx, K., Soenens, B., Berzonsky, M. D., Smits, I., Goossens, L., & Vansteenkiste, M. (2007). Information-oriented identity processing, identity consolidation, and well-being: The moderating role of autonomy, self-reflection, and self-rumination. Personality and Individual Differences, 43(5), 1099–1111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2007.03.003
Marcia, J. E. (1966). Development and validation of ego-identity status. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 3(5), 551–558. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0023281
Marcia, J. E. (1993). The ego identity status approach to ego identity. In J. E. Marcia, A. S. Warterman, D. R. Matterson, S. L. Archer, & J. L. Orlofsky (Eds.), Ego identity: A handbook for psychosocial research (pp. 1–21). Springer.
Missotten, L. C., Luyckx, K., Branje, S. J. T., Vanhalst, J., & Goossens, L. (2011). Identity styles and conflict resolution styles: Associations in mother-adolescent dyads. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 40(8), 972–982. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-010-9607-5
Moffatt, A. (2012). Indonesian cultural profile. Diversicare.
Monacis, L., de Palo, V., Sinatra, M., & Berzonsky, M. D. (2016). The Revised Identity Style Inventory: Factor structure and validity in Italian speaking students. Frontiers in Psychology, 7, 883. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00883
Muttaqin, D. (2017). Validitas Utrecht-Management of Identity Commitments Scale (U-MICS) versi Indonesia: Struktur faktor, invariansi pengukuran gender, dan usia. Jurnal Psikologi, 44(2), 83–96. https://doi.org/10.22146/jpsi.27578
Muttaqin, D., & Ekowarni, E. (2016). Pembentukan identitas remaja di Yogyakarta. Jurnal Psikologi, 43(3), 231–247. https://doi.org/10.22146/jpsi.12338
Myers, D. G. (2013). Social psychology (11th ed.). McGraw-Hill.
Nilan, P., Parker, L., Bennett, L., & Robinson, K. (2011). Indonesian youth looking towards the future. Journal of Youth Studies, 14(6), 709–728. https://doi.org/10.1080/13676261.2011.580523
Phinney, J. S. (2005). Ethnic identity in late modern times: A response to Rattansi and Phoenix. Identity, 5(2), 187–194. https://doi.org/10.1207/s1532706xid0502_7
Ritchie, R. A., Meca, A., Madrazo, V. L., Schwartz, S. J., Hardy, S. A., Zamboanga, B. L., … Lee, R. M. (2013). Identity dimensions and related processes in emerging adulthood: Helpful or harmful? Journal of Clinical Psychology, 69(4), 415–432. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.21960
Rosenberg, M. (1965). Society and the adolescent self-image. Princeton University Press. https://doi.org/10.1515/9781400876136
Ryff, C. D. (1989). Happiness is everything, or is it? Explorations on the meaning of psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57(6), 1069–1081. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.57.6.1069
Sandhu, D., & Singh, B. (2012). Adolescent identity formation, psychological well-being, and parental attitudes. Pakistan Journal of Psychological Research, 27(1), 89–105.
Sartana, & Helmi, A. F. (2014). Konsep diri remaja Jawa saat bersama teman. Jurnal Psikologi, 41(2), 190–204.
Schwartz, S. J. (2001). The evolution of Eriksonian and Neo-Eriksonian identity theory and research: A review and integration. Identity, 1(1), 7–58. https://doi.org/10.1207/S1532706XSCHWARTZ
Schwartz, S. J. (2007). The structure of identity consolidation: Multiple correlated constructs or one superordinate construct? Identity, 7(1), 27–49. https://doi.org/10.1080/15283480701319583
Schwartz, S. J., Beyers, W., Luyckx, K., Soenens, B., Zamboanga, B. L., Forthun, L. F., … Waterman, A. S. (2011). Examining the light and dark sides of emerging adults’ identity: A study of identity status differences in positive and negative psychosocial functioning. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 40(7), 839–859. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-010-9606-6
Schwartz, S. J., Zamboanga, B. L., Wang, W., & Olthuis, J. V. (2009). Measuring identity from an Eriksonian perspective: Two sides of the same coin? Journal of Personality Assessment, 91(2), 143–154. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223890802634266
Skhirtladze, N., Javakhishvili, N., Schwartz, S. J., & Luyckx, K. (2018). Identity styles in the Georgian context and associations with parenting dimensions. European Journal of Developmental Psychology, 15(1), 24–40. https://doi.org/10.1080/17405629.2017.1334549
Smits, I., Berzonsky, M. D., Soenens, B., Luyckx, K., Goossens, L., Kunnen, S., & Bosma, H. (2008). The Identity Style Inventory-4: Internal research report. Catholic University Leuven.
Smits, I., Soenens, B., Luyckx, K., Duriez, B., Berzonsky, M. D., & Goossens, L. (2008). Perceived parenting dimensions and identity styles: Exploring the socialization of adolescents’ processing of identity-relevant information. Journal of Adolescence, 31(2), 151–164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2007.08.007
Soenens, B., Berzonsky, M. D., Dunkel, C. S., & Papini, D. R. (2011). The role of perceived parental dimensions and identification in late adolescents’ identity processing styles. Identity, 11(3), 189–210. https://doi.org/10.1080/15283488.2011.594781
Soenens, B., Berzonsky, M. D., Dunkel, C. S., Papini, D. R., & Vansteenkiste, M. (2011). Are all identity commitments created equally? The importance of motives for commitment for late adolescents’ personal adjustment. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 35(4), 358–369. https://doi.org/10.1177/0165025411405954
Soenens, B., Berzonsky, M. D., Vansteenkiste, M., Beyers, W., & Goossens, L. (2005). Identity styles and causality orientations: In search of the motivational underpinnings of the identity exploration process. European Journal of Personality, 19(5), 427–442. https://doi.org/10.1002/per.551
Soenens, B., Duriez, B., & Goossens, L. (2005). Social–psychological profiles of identity styles: attitudinal and social-cognitive correlates in late adolescence. Journal of Adolescence, 28(1), 107–125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2004.07.001
Suardiman, S. P. (2011). Psikologi usia lanjut. Gadjah Mada University Press.
Vleioras, G., & Bosma, H. A. (2005). Are identity styles important for psychological well-being? Journal of Adolescence, 28(3), 397–409. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2004.09.001
Xu, S. (2009). What are the relations between identity styles and adolescence’s academic achievement? A study of college students at a private university in China. International Journal of Adolescence and Youth, 14(4), 299–311. https://doi.org/10.1080/02673843.2009.9748011
Zimmermann, G., Mahaim, E. B., Mantzouranis, G., Genoud, P. A., & Crocetti, E. (2012). Brief report: The Identity Style Inventory (ISI-3) and the Utrecht-Management of Identity Commitments Scale (U-MICS): Factor structure, reliability, and convergent validity in French-speaking university students. Journal of Adolescence, 35(2), 461–465. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2010.11.013
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2021 Jurnal Psikologi
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Email this article 
