Gender Stereotypes and Self-Efficacy as Determinants of the Glass Ceiling Effect: A Study of Female Civil Servants in Central Java

https://doi.org/10.22146/jpsi.43729

Salsabila Firdausia(1*), Munawir Yusuf(2), Fadjri Kirana Anggarani(3)

(1) Faculty of Psychology, Universitas Sebelas Maret
(2) Faculty of Psychology, Universitas Sebelas Maret
(3) Faculty of Psychology, Universitas Sebelas Maret
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


Glass ceiling refers to the obstruction of opportunities for female employees to get promoted to higher positions, despite being qualified and having achievements, due to gender discrimination. This study aimed to identify the relationship between gender stereotypes and self-efficacy with the glass ceiling phenomenon experienced by female civil servants in Central Java. Sixty female civil servants were involved as samples. This study used three instruments: glass ceiling scale (α = 0.855), gender stereotypes scale (α = 0.933), and self-efficacy scale (α = 0.879). The data was processed using linear regression analysis. The findings revealed that there was a strong correlation (r = 0.803) between gender stereotypes (β1 = 0.377) and self-efficacy (β2 = -0.431) with the glass ceiling phenomenon experienced by female civil servants in Central Java.

Keywords


glass ceiling; gender stereotypes; self-efficacy

Full Text:

PDF


References

Rogers, A. D., Sintek, E., Tye, M., Krauss, A., DeArmond, S., & Chen, P. Y. (2006). Age and gender stereotypes: New challenges in a changing workplace and workforce. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 2184–2214. doi: 10.1111/j.0021-9029.2006.00100.x

Bandura, A. (1998). Bandura 1994 EHB. 4(1994), 71–81.

Bari, F. (2010). Partisipasi perempuan dalam politik dan pemerintahan. Jakarta: United Nations.

Bligh, M. C., Schlehofer, M. M., Casad, B. J., & Gaffney, A. M. (2012). Competent enough, but would you vote for her? Gender stereotypes and media influences on perceptions of women politicians. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 42(3), 560–597. doi: 10.1111/j.1559-1816.2011.00781.x

Bolat, T., Bolat, O. I., & Kili�, T. (2011). Career self-efficacy and glass ceiling: Moderating effect of work-related masculinity values. Retrieved from http://connection.ebscohost.com/c/articles/59973578/career-self-efficacy-glass-ceiling-moderating-effect-work-related-masculinity-values

Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS). (2017). Tingkat partisipasi angkatan kerja. Retrieved from bps.go.id website: https://www.bps.go.id/index.php/brs/1377

Britner, S. L., & Pajares, F. (2006). Sources of science self-efficacy beliefs of middle school students. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 43(5), 485–499. doi: 10.1002/tea.20131

Cann, A., & Siegfried, W. D. (1990). Gender stereotypes and dimensions of effective, 23, 413–419.

Conway, M., & Vartanian, L. R. (2000). A status account of gender stereotypes: Beyond communality and agency. Sex Roles, 43(3–4), 181–199. doi: 10.1023/A:1007076813819

Cotter, D. A., Hermsen, J. M., Ovadia, S., & Vanneman, R. (2007). The glass ceiling effect. Social Forces, 80(2), 655–681. doi: 10.1353/sof.2001.0091

Cunningham, G. B. (2003). Already aware of the glass ceiling: Race-related effects of perceived opportunity on the career choices of college athletes. Journal of African American Studies, 7(1), 57–71. doi: 10.1007/s12111-003-1003-8

ECC. (2014). Sebanyak 38,2% Perempuan pilih Jadi ASN. Retrieved from career.web.id website: https://www.careernews.web.id.issues/view/2783-Sebanyak-3872-Perempuan -Pilih-Jadi-ASN

Falk, E., Research, W., & Grizard, E. (2003). The glass ceiling persists: The 3rd Annual APPC report on women leaders in communication companies. (March).

Firin, M. (2004). Pengaruh simbol lelaki, perempuan, dan toga serta pemaknaannya terhadap sikap stereotip gender. (Unpublished master's thesis). Faculty of Psychology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta.

Frank, C. P. (2013). The development of academic advising programs. NACADA Journal, 8(1), 11–28. doi: 10.12930/0271-9517-8.1.11

Kephart, P., & Schumacher, L. (2005). Has the “glass ceiling” cracked? An exploration of women entrepre­neur­ship. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 12(1), 2–15. doi: 10.1177/107179190501200102

Kılıç, T. (2017). Relationship between glass ceiling syndrome and self-efficacy: in health sector. European Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies, 4(3), 84. doi: 10.26417/ejms.v4i3.p84-87

Li, L., & Wang Leung, R. (2001). Female managers in Asian hotels: Profile and career challenges. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Manage­ment, 13(4), 189–196. doi: 10.1108/09596110110389511

Mathis, R & Jackson, J. (2001). Manajemen sumber daya manusia. Jakarta: Salemba Empat.

Pradipta, N. (2015). Analisis faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh pada glass ceiling karyawan perempuan di industri perhotelan Yogyakarta. (Unpublished master's thesis). Faculty of Economy and Business, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta.

Purcell, D., MacArthur, K. R., & Samblanet, S. (2010). Gender and the glass ceiling at work. Sociology Compass, 4(9), 705–717. doi: 10.1111/j.1751-9020.2010.00304.x

Shabbir, H., Shakeel, M. A., & Zubair, R. A. (2017). Gender stereotype, glass ceiling and women’s career advance­ment: An empirical study in service sector of Pakistan. City University Research Journal, 236–246.

Shields, S. A. (2005). The politics of emotion in everyday life: “appropriate” emotion and claims on identity. Review of General Psychology, 9(1), 3–15. doi: 10.1037/1089-2680.9.1.3

Soleymanpour Omran, M., Alizadeh, H., & Esmaeeli, B. (2019). The analysis of glass ceiling phenomenon in the promotion of women’s abilities in organizations. International Journal of Organizational Leadership, 4(3), 315–323. doi: 10.33844/ijol.2015.60323

Tetiana, T. (2016). Hubungan goal setting dan efikasi diri akademik dengan kepribadian sebagai moderator. (Unpublished master's thesis). Faculty of Psychology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta.

Vroom, V. H., & Jago, A. G. (1978). On the validity of the Vroom-Yetton model. Journal of Applied Psychology, 63(2), 151–162. doi: 10.1037/0021-9010.63.2.151



DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jpsi.43729

Article Metrics

Abstract views : 7093 | views : 5880

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Bookmark and Share


Copyright (c) 2020 Jurnal Psikologi

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Published by Faculty of Psychology Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia Building D-6th Floor No. D-606. Jl. Sosio Humaniora No. 1, Bulaksumur Yogyakarta, 55281
Email: jurnalpsikologi@ugm.ac.id
Phone/whatsApp: +6281125210175

Web Analytics Made Easy - StatCounter View My Stats