* Corresponding Author
Spatial Analysis of Economic Resilience in Urban Areas During the COVID-19 Pandemic (Case Study: Wonosari, Gunungkidul, Indoensia) Analisis Spasial Ketahanan Ekonomi di Wilayah Perkotaan selama Pandemi COVID-19 (Studi Kasus: Kecamatan Wonosari Kabupaten Gunungkidul Provinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta)
https://doi.org/10.22146/jkn.85042 Ika Afianita Suherningtyas(1*), Agus Joko Pitoyo(2), Prima Widayani(3)
(1) Universitas Gadjah Mada
(2) Universitas Gadjah Mada
(3) Universitas Gadjah Mada
(*) Corresponding Author
Abstract
ABSTRACT
The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a decline in the national and international economies. This research aimed to determine the spatial analysis of economic resilience in urban areas during the COVID-19 pandemic, using Wonosari District in Gunungkidul, Indonesia, as an example.
The mixed-method design of the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) was used to determine the weight of each factor of economic resilience, which included expert judgment (qualitative). Then, the geographic information system (GIS) was used as a tool to spatially characterize economic resilience using descriptive analysis.
AHP showed six factors of economic resilience: socioeconomic condition, community, infrastructure, institution, natural resources, and technology and communication. The most determining factor was socioeconomic condition (weight: 0.283, rank 1), while the least influencing factor was infrastructure condition (weight: 0.112, rank 6). Based on data distribution, Wonosari had medium economic resilience in eight villages (accounting for 57% of the total area), high resilience in four villages (29%), and low resilience in two villages (14%). Although Wonosari is generally economically resilient with variation charachteristic, collaborations between stakeholders, including the community, government, organizations, and academics, are needed to enhance this condition.
ABSTRAKPandemi COVID-19 mengakibatkan penurunan kondisi ekonomi nasional dan internasional. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan analisis spasial terhadap ketahanan ekonomi wilayah perkotaan pada masa pandemi, khususnya di Kecamatan Wonosari, Gunungkidul, Indonesia.
Metode penelitian ini memanfaatkan pendekatan kuantitatif dan kualitatif pada Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) untuk menentukan bobot faktor ketahanan ekonomi, termasuk menggunakan pendapat para ahli (expert judgement). Selanjutnya, dilakukan analisis spasial dengan tools Sistem Informasi Geografis (SIG) untuk mendeskripsikan karakter spasial atau keruangan ketahanan ekonomi di lokasi penelitian.
Hasil AHP menunjukkan enam faktor ketahanan ekonomi, yaitu kondisi sosial ekonomi, masyarakat, infrastruktur, kelembagaan, sumber daya alam, serta teknologi dan komunikasi. Faktor terpenting (peringkat pertama) adalah sosial ekonomi dengan bobot 0,283, sedangkan faktor dengan pengaruh terkecil (peringkat terakhir) adalah kondisi infrastruktur dengan bobot 0,112. Sebaran klasifikasi menunjukkan bahwa Wonosari memiliki kelas ketahanan ekonomi sedang yang meliputi 57% dari total area (delapan desa), kelas tinggi seluas 29%, dan kelas rendah seluas 14%. Meskipun Wonosari secara umum memiliki ketahanan ekonomi yang bervariasi, namun tetap diperlukan kerjasama antar pemangku kepentingan, termasuk masyarakat, pemerintah, organisasi, dan akademisi, untuk meningkatkan kondisi ketahanan ekonomi saat ini
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