Uji Validitas dan Efikasi Crypto/Giardia Duo-Strip dalam Mendeteksi Cryptosporidium spp. di Desa Tulehu, Kabupaten Maluku Tengah, Provinsi Maluku

https://doi.org/10.22146/jkesvo.55361

Rizqiani Amalia Kusumasari(1), Muh. Syairaji(2*)

(1) Departemen Parasitologi, Fakultas Kedokteran, Kesehatan Masyarakat dan Keperawatan, Universitas Gadjah Mada
(2) Departemen Layanan dan Informasi Kesehatan Sekolah Vokasi, Universitas Gadjah Mada
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


Latar    Belakang: Cryptosporidium spp. adalah salah satu enteropatogen pada manusia dan umumnya ditemui terutama pada anak-anak di negara berkembang. Prevalensi Cryptosporidium spp. di Indonesia masih belum diketahui dan penelitian terkait juga masih sangat jarang. Saat ini, beberapa perusahaan telah mengembangkan tes diagnostik sederhana dan cepat untuk mendeteksi infeksi Cryptosporidium spp. tetapi informasi mengenai keakuratannya pada kondisi di Indonesia masih belum diketahui.  

Tujuan: Mengetahui validitas alat Crypto/Giardia Duo-Strip dan prevalensi Cryptosporidium spp. pada salah satu wilayah pedesaan di timur Indonesia.

Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain potong-lintang dan dilakukan tahun 2015. Sampel tinja dikumpulkan dari seluruh masyarakat di desa Hurnala, Maluku Tengah. Validitas (Sensitifitas, Spesifisitas) dan Efikasi (Nilai Prediktif Positif dan Negatif) dari Crypto/Giardia Duo-Strip dinilai menggunakan Modified acid-fast staining sebagai standar referensi.

Hasil: Dari 731 sampel tinja, terdapat 261 sampel positif Cryptosporidium spp. menggunakan Modified acid-fast staining dan 204 sampel positif menggunakan Crypto/Giardia Duo-Strip. Sensitivitas, Spesifisitas, PPV, dan NPV Crypto/Giardia Duo-Strip masing-masing sebesar 38.78%, 78.99%, 35.77%, 69.64% dengan Likelihood Ratio+ (LR+): 1.77 and (LR-): 0.79.  

Kesimpulan: Prevalensi infeksi Cryptosporidium spp. di desa Hurnala, Maluku Tengah cukup tinggi yaitu 36% (261/731). Kemampuan alat Crypto/Giardia Duo-Strip masih relatif rendah untuk mendeteksi Cryptosporidium spp. di wilayah Indonesia.


Keywords


Cryptosproridium; Validitas; Crypto/Giardia Duo-Strip; Prevalensi

Full Text:

PDF


References

Aghamolaie, S., Rostami, A., Fallahi, S., Tahvildar Biderouni, F., Haghighi, A., & Salehi, N. (2016). Evaluation of modified Ziehl-Neelsen, direct fluorescent-antibody and PCR assay for detection of Cryptosporidium spp. in children faecal specimens. Journal of Parasitic Diseases : Official Organ of the Indian Society for Parasitology, 40(3), 958–963. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12639-014-0614-4

Becker, S. L., Müller, I., Mertens, P., Herrmann, M., Zondie, L., Beyleveld, L., Gerber, M., du Randt, R., Pühse, U., Walter, C., & Utzinger, J. (2017). PCR-based verification of positive rapid diagnostic tests for intestinal protozoa infections with variable test band intensity. Acta Tropica, 174, 49–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actatropica.2017.06.012

Becker, S. L., Vogt, J., Knopp, S., Panning, M., Warhurst, D. C., Polman, K., Marti, H., von Müller, L., Yansouni, C. P., Jacobs, J., Bottieau, E., Sacko, M., Rijal, S., Meyanti, F., Miles, M. A., Boelaert, M., Lutumba, P., van Lieshout, L., N’Goran, E. K., … Utzinger, J. (2013). Persistent digestive disorders in the tropics: causative infectious pathogens and reference diagnostic tests. BMC Infectious Diseases, 13, 37. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2334-13-37

Bitilinyu-Bangoh, J., Voskuijl, W., Thitiri, J., Menting, S., Verhaar, N., Mwalekwa, L., de Jong, D. B., van Loenen, M., Mens, P. F., Berkley, J. A., Bandsma, R. H. J., & Schallig, H. D. F. H. (2019). Performance of three rapid diagnostic tests for the detection of Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia duodenalis in children with severe acute malnutrition and diarrhoea. Infectious Diseases of Poverty, 8(1), 96. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40249-019-0609-6

Boelaert, M. (2016). Clinical Research on Neglected Tropical Diseases: Challenges and Solutions. PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 10(11), e0004853. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0004853

Bouzid, M., Kintz, E., & Hunter, P. R. (2018). Risk factors for Cryptosporidium infection in low and middle income countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 12(6), e0006553. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0006553

Chalmers, R. M., Campbell, B. M., Crouch, N., Charlett, A., & Davies, A. P. (2011). Comparison of diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of seven Cryptosporidium assays used in the UK. Journal of Medical Microbiology, 60(11), 1598–1604. https://doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.034181-0

Checkley, W., White, A. C., Jaganath, D., Arrowood, M. J., Chalmers, R. M., Chen, X.-M., Fayer, R., Griffiths, J. K., Guerrant, R. L., Hedstrom, L., Huston, C. D., Kotloff, K. L., Kang, G., Mead, J. R., Miller, M., Petri, W. A., Priest, J. W., Roos, D. S., Striepen, B., … Houpt, E. R. (2015). A review of the global burden, novel diagnostics, therapeutics, and vaccine targets for cryptosporidium. The Lancet. Infectious Diseases, 15(1), 85–94. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(14)70772-8

CorisBio. (2012). Coris Bio Crypto/Giardia Duo-Strip: Rapid Diagnostic Test for in vitro Detection of Cryptosporidium and Giardia in stool specimens. CorisBio.Com. https://www.corisbio.com/pdf/Products/Coris-Crypto-Giardia-Duo-Strip-Diagnostic.pdf

DPDx. (2019). Cryptosporidiosis (Cryptosporidium spp.). CDC (Center for Disease Control and Prevention). https://www.cdc.gov/dpdx/cryptosporidiosis/index.html

Goñi, P., Martín, B., Villacampa, M., García, A., Seral, C., Castillo, F. J., & Clavel, A. (2012). Evaluation of an immunochromatographic dip strip test for simultaneous detection of Cryptosporidium spp, Giardia duodenalis, and Entamoeba histolytica antigens in human faecal samples. European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, 31(8), 2077–2082. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10096-012-1544-7

Goudal, A., Laude, A., Valot, S., Desoubeaux, G., Argy, N., Nourrisson, C., Pomares, C., Machouart, M., Le Govic, Y., Dalle, F., Botterel, F., Bourgeois, N., Cateau, E., Leterrier, M., Lavergne, R.-A., Beser, J., Le Pape, P., & Morio, F. (2019). Rapid diagnostic tests relying on antigen detection from stool as an efficient point of care testing strategy for giardiasis and cryptosporidiosis? Evaluation of a new immunochromatographic duplex assay. Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease, 93(1), 33–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2018.07.012

Hunter, P. R., & Nichols, G. (2002). Epidemiology and Clinical Features of Cryptosporidium Infection in Immunocompromised Patients. Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 15(1), 145–154. https://doi.org/10.1128/CMR.15.1.145-154.2002

Khan, A., Shams, S., Khan, S., Khan, M. I., Khan, S., & Ali, A. (2019). Evaluation of prevalence and risk factors associated with Cryptosporidium infection in rural population of district Buner, Pakistan. PLOS ONE, 14(1), e0209188. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0209188

Opoku, Y. K., Boampong, J. N., Ayi, I., Kwakye-Nuako, G., Obiri-Yeboah, D., Koranteng, H., Ghartey-Kwansah, G., & Asare, K. K. (2018). Socio-Behavioral Risk Factors Associated with Cryptosporidiosis in HIV/AIDS Patients Visiting the HIV Referral Clinic at Cape Coast Teaching Hospital, Ghana. The Open AIDS Journal, 12(1), 106–116. https://doi.org/10.2174/1874613601812010106

Shrivastava, A. K., Kumar, S., Smith, W. A., & Sahu, P. S. (2017). Revisiting the global problem of cryptosporidiosis and recommendations. Tropical Parasitology, 7(1), 8–17. https://doi.org/10.4103/2229-5070.202290

Soares, R., & Tasca, T. (2016). Giardiasis: an update review on sensitivity and specificity of methods for laboratorial diagnosis. Journal of Microbiological Methods, 129, 98–102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mimet.2016.08.017

Tombang, A. N., Ambe, N. F., Bobga, T. P., Nkfusai, C. N., Collins, N. M., Ngwa, S. B., Diengou, N. H., & Cumber, S. N. (2019). Prevalence and risk factors associated with cryptosporidiosis among children within the ages 0–5 years attending the Limbe regional hospital, southwest region, Cameroon. BMC Public Health, 19(1), 1144. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-019-7484-8

Van den Bossche, D., Cnops, L., Verschueren, J., & Van Esbroeck, M. (2015). Comparison of four rapid diagnostic tests, ELISA, microscopy and PCR for the detection of Giardia lamblia, Cryptosporidium spp. and Entamoeba histolytica in feces. Journal of Microbiological Methods, 110, 78–84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mimet.2015.01.016

Widoyono. (2011). Penyakit Tropis Epidemiologi, Penularan, Pencegahan & Pemberantasannya. Edisi kedua (R. Astikawati (ed.); Ed.2). Erlangga.

Wijayanti, T. (2017). Kriptosporidiosis Di Indonesia. Jurnal Litbang Pengendalian Penyakit Bersumber Binatang Banjarnegara, 13(1), 73–82. https://www.neliti.com/id/publications/69108/kriptosporidiosis-di-indonesia#cite



DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jkesvo.55361

Article Metrics

Abstract views : 2366 | views : 2918

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.




Copyright (c) 2020 Jurnal Kesehatan Vokasional

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.


 

Jurnal Kesehatan Vokasional with registered number ISSN 2541-0644 (print), ISSN 2599-3275 (online) published by the Departement of Health Information Management and Services, Vocational College, Universitas Gadjah Mada

site
stats View My Stats