Perubahan Struktur dan Komposisi Hutan Rawa Gambut Menggunakan Citra Penginderaan Jauh dan Pendekatan Ekologis di Kawasan Bekas Pengembangan Lahan Gambut Provinsi Kalimantan Tengah

https://doi.org/10.22146/jik.7531

Raden Mas Sukarna(1*)

(1) Jurusan Kehutanan, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Palangka Raya
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


Pengembangan lahan gambut (PLG) satu juta hektar untuk lahan pertanian antara tahun 1995-1998 di Provinsi Kalimantan Tengah telah menyebabkan perubahan yang nyata terhadap struktur dan komposisi hutannya, dan secara langsung memberikan dampak terhadap keseimbangan fungsi ekologisnya. Perubahan hutan rawa gambut (HRG) yang relatif cepat belum sepenuhnya dapat diikuti dengan kegiatan evaluasi riil, karena luasnya kawasan dan akses yang terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperkirakan perubahan struktur dan komposisi HRG antara tahun 2003-2010 menggunakan teknik penginderaan jauh dan pendekatan ekologis dikawasan bekas PLG dengan luas ± 368.000 ha. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aplikasi citra penginderaan jauh melalui model kerapatan kanopi hutan, berhasil menentukan klasifikasi dan distribusi perubahan struktur dan komposisi HRG dan kondisi ekologisnya secara efektif. Kawasan HRG dengan kondisi ekologis alamiah dan sub alamiah telah berkurang luasnya sebesar 1,49 %, kawasan hutan semi alamiah dan transisi ke semi alamiah bertambah luasnya sebesar 3,69 %, dan kawasan hutan transisi dan non alamiah bertambah luasnya sebesar 4,39 %. Fakta ini menggambarkan bahwa kawasan HRG bekas PLG saat ini mengalami penurunan keragaman jenis-jenis endemik dengan indeks antara 0,5 - 2,5 yang mengakibatkan kurang stabilnya fungsi ekologi atau ekosistemnya.

Katakunci: hutan rawa gambut, penginderaan jauh, ekologi, struktur dan komposisi hutan

 

Structural and Composition Changes of Peat Swampeat Forests Using Remote Sensing and Ecological Approaches at the Abandoned Peat Development Site in Central Kalimantan Province

Abstract

Peatland project of one million hectares to agricultural land between 1995 and 1998, the so-called Mega Rice Project (MRP) in Central Kalimantan province, have significantly changed both structure and composition of peat swamp forest (PSF) as well as the balance of ecological functions. These quick changes have not been fully followed by real evaluation activities due to large area and limited access. To answer these problems, this study aimed to estimate these changes between 2003 and 2010 using remote sensing techniques and ecological approach on approximately 368,000 ha of ex-MRP area. The results showed that the application of remote sensing imagery through Forest Canopy Density (FCD) models were able to determine both forest classification and distribution effectively, including its ecological conditions. The natural and sub-natural PSF area had decreased by 1.49%, semi natural and its transition increased by 3.69%. Non natural and its transition increased by 4.39%. These facts illustrate that PSF on ex-MRP area was decreasing in term of its endemic species diversity with index between 0.5 and 2.5. Consequently, its ecological or ecosystem functions were also unstable.


Keywords


peat swamp forest; remote sensing; ecology; structure and forest composition

Full Text:

PDF


References

  1. Banerjee K, Panda S, Bandyopadhyay J & Jain MK. 2014. Forest canopy density mapping using advance geospatial technique. International Journal of Innovative Science, Engineering & Technology 1(7), 358-363.
  2. Biradar CM, Saran S, Raju PLN & Roy PS. 2005. Forest canopy density stratification: how relevant is biophysical spectral response modelling approach? Geocarto International Journal 20(1), 1-7.
  3. Boehm HDV, Siegert F & Liews SC. 2002. Remote sensing and aerial survey of vegetation cover change in lowland peat swamp of Central Kalimantan during the 1997 and 2002 fires. Proceeding of the International Symposium on Land Management and Biodiversity in Southeast Asia. Research Centre for Biology, the Indonesia Institute of Sciences, Bogor, Indonesia.
  4. Deka J, Tripathi OK & Khan ML. 2012. Implementation of forest canopy density model to monitor tropical deforestation. Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing, DOI 10.1007/s12524-0224-5.
  5. Dombois M & Elenberg H. 1974. Aims and Methos of Vegetation Ecology. hlm 112-119. Wiley International Edition. John Wiley and Sons, New York.
  6. Doruska PF & Mays JE. 1998. Crown profile modelling of Loblolly Pine by nonparametrik regression analysis. Journal of Forest Science 44 (3), 445-453.
  7. Liang S. 2004. Quantitative Remote Sensing of Land Surfaces. John Wiley and Sons, Canada, 528 hlm.
  8. Joshi C, Leeuw JD, Skismore AK, van Duren IC, van Oosten H. 2006. Remotely sensed estimation of forest canopy density: A comparision of the performance of four methods. International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation 8, 84-95.
  9. Ludwig JA & Reynolds JF. 1988. Statistical Ecology, A Primer on Method and Computing. hlm 85-86. John Wiley and Sons. New York.
  10. Manan S. 1992. Manual Kehutanan, Bab Silvikultur. Hlm 1-42. Departemen Kehutanan RI, Jakarta.
  11. Mawazin. 2013. Tingkat kerusakan tegakan tinggal di hutan rawa gambut Sungai Kumpeh – Sungai Air Hitam Laut Jambi. Indonesian Forest Rehabilitation Journal. Pusat Litbang Konservasi dan Rehabilitas, Bogor 1(1), 39-50
  12. Micheal AW, Hall RJ, Coops NC & Franklin SE. 2004. High spatial resolution remotely sensed data for ecosystem characterization. Washington. Bioscience 54(6), 11-17
  13. Mon MS, Mizoues N, Htun NZ, Kjisa T, Yoshida S. 2012. Estimating forest canopy density of tropical mixed deciduous vegetation using landsat data: a Comparison of three classification approaches. International Journal of Remote Sensing 33(4), 1042-1057.
  14. Muhdi, Elias, Murdiaso D & Matangaran JR. 2012. Kerusakan tegakan tinggal akibat pemanenan kayu Reduce Impact Logging dan konvensional di hutan alam tropika (Studi kasus di areal IUPHHK PT. Inhutani II Kalimantan Timur). Jurnal Manusia dan Lingkungan 19(3), 303-311.
  15. Page SE & Rieley JO. 1995. Biodiversity and Sustainability of Tropical Peatlands. Procceding of the International Symposium on Biodiversity, Environmental Importance and Sustainability of Tropical Peat and Peatlands, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia.
  16. Page SE, Rieley JO, Shotyk OW & Weiss D. 1999. Interdependence of peat and vegetation in a tropical peat swamp forest. Journal of Biological Sciences 34(1391), 1885-1897.
  17. Paine DP. 1993. Fotografi Udara dan Penafsiran Citra untuk Pengelolaan Sumberdaya. Gadjah Mada University Press, Yogyakarta. 833 hlm.
  18. Panta M & Kim K. 2006. Spatio-temporal dynamic alteration of forest canopy density based on site associated factors: view from tropical forest of Nepal. Korean Journal of Remote Sensing 22(5), 1-11.
  19. Radjagukguk B. 2003. Fungsi alamiah sumberdaya gambut. Makalah seminar : Management of Peatland in Central Kalimantan, Palangka Raya.
  20. Ratmini S. 2012. Karakteristik dan pengelolaan lahan gambut untuk pengembangan pertanian. Jurnal Lahan Suboptimal 1(2), 197-206.
  21. Rikimaru A. 1996. LANDSAT TM data processing guide for forest canopy density mapping and monitoring model. ITTO Workshop on Utilization of Remote Sensing in Site Assessment and Planting of Logged-over Forest. Bangkok, July 30-August 1, 1996 pp 1-8.
  22. Rikimaru A. 2003. Concept of FCD Mapping Model and Semi-Expert System. FCD Mapper Versi-2 User Guide, International Tropical Timber Organization and Japan Overseas Forestry Consultants Association, hlm. 32-45.
  23. Rikimaru A & Miyatake S. 1997. Development of forest canopy mapping and monitoring model using Indices of vegetation, bare soil and shadow pp. Proceeding of the 18th Asian Conference on Remote Sensing, E6. 1-6, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
  24. Sukarna RM. 2009. Kajian Spektral Citra Landsat 7 ETM+ untuk Pemodelan Floristik Hutan Rawa di Taman Nasional Sebangau Provinsi Kalimantan Tengah. Disertasi (Tidak Dipublikasikan). Fakultas Geografi Universitas Gadjah Mada. Yogyakarta.
  25. Sukarna RM. 2014. Kajian bentang lahan ekologi floristik hutan rawa gambut berbasis Citra Penginderaan Jauh di Sub Das Sebangau Kalimantan Tengah. Jurnal Hutan Tropis. Fakultas Kehutanan Universitas Lambung Mangkurat 2(1), 52-59.
  26. Suwarna U, Matangaran JR, Harmawan F. 2014. Kerusakan tegakan tinggal akibat pemanenan kayu di Hutan Alam Rawa Gambut. Jurnal Manusia dan Lingkungan 21(1), 83-89.
  27. Van Gils HAMJ & Van Wijngaarden W. 1984. Vegetation structure in reconnaissance and semi-detailed vegetation surveys. ITC Journal 3, 213-218.



DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jik.7531

Article Metrics

Abstract views : 7149 | views : 5486

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Bookmark and Share


Copyright (c) 2013 Jurnal Ilmu Kehutanan

License URL: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/

© Editorial Board Jurnal Ilmu Kehutanan
Faculty of Forestry, Universitas Gadjah Mada
Building D 2nd floor
Jl. Agro No 1, Bulaksumur, Sleman 55281
Phone. +62-274-512102, +62-274-550541, +62-274-6491420
Fax. +62-274-550541 E-mail : jik@ugm.ac.id
former website : jurnal.ugm.ac.id/jikfkt/
new website : jurnal.ugm.ac.id/v3/jik/

 

Indexed by:

 

Jurnal Ilmu Kehutanan is under the license of Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International