Potensi Produksi Arang dari Hutan Rakyat Desa Bangunjiwo, Kecamatan Kasihan, Bantul, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta

Abstract

Asam jawa (Tamarindus indica) dan mahoni (Swietenia macrophylla) yang banyak tumbuh di hutan rakyat Desa Bangunjiwo merupakan calon ideal yang patut diajukan sebagai bahan baku arang karena keduanya termasuk golongan kayu keras yang memiliki kualitas arang baik dan harga jual dari kedua jenis arang tersebut mempunyai daya tarik untuk menambah penghasilan. Informasi tentang produksi arang dari jenis-jenis tanaman berkayu yang tumbuh di hutan rakyat diestimasi melalui penyusunan persamaan allometrik yang bisa dipakai untuk tegakan pohon yang masih berdiri. Untuk menyusun persamaan allometrik, 30 sampel potongan kayu log jenis asam jawa dan 29 sampel potongan kayu log jenis mahoni dibuat arang dengan tungku pembakaran tradisional untuk menentukan hubungan antara volume log kayu perkakas (Vkp) dengan produksi arangnya (Pa). Bahan baku pembuatan arang berupa log kayu perkakas dari hutan rakyat baik dari bagian batang maupun cabang yang mempunyai batas diameter 7 cm. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa volume log kayu perkakas mempunyai hubungan yang sangat kuat dengan produksi arangnya (asam jawa: Pa = 185,6180 (Vkp)^0,9455 , n = 30, r² = 0,9559; mahoni: 321,2263(Vkp)^1,0725 , n = 29, r² = 0,9459; campuran = 235,0601 (Vkp)^1,0008 , n = 59, r² = 0,9465). Potensi produksi arang di hutan rakyat diestimasi berdasarkan persamaan allometrik tersebut. Potensi produksi arang di hutan rakyat Desa Bangunjiwa sebesar 12,067 ton/ha, sebanding dengan nilai uang Rp 21.117.250,00 /ha yang dikontribusikan dari hutan rakyat sebagai pendapatan daerah setempat.

Kata kunci: Produksi arang, tanaman berkayu, hutan rakyat.

Potentials of Charcoal Productions from Community Forest in Bangunjiwo Village, Kasihan Sub Regency, Bantul, Yogyakarta

Abstract

Asam jawa (Tamarindus indica) and mahoni (Swietenia macrophylla) which predominantly grow on the community forests of Bangunjiwo Village are an ideal candidate as raw matterial of charchoal production because they're hard wood makes good quality charchoal and income from its charchoal are an attractive source of supplemental revenue. Information on its charchoal production are needed, but this information is currently lacking. The potential of charcoal production of woody perennial in the community forests were estimated by developing allometric equations for standing trees. To establish the equations 30 sample logs of tamarind and 29 sample logs of mahoni were made charcoal by traditional kiln to determine the relationships between the mechantable timber volume/log (Vkp) and its charcoal production (Pa). The raw material of charcoal production from the merchantable timber volume in the community forests was the ligneous material contained in the bole and branches which both with a diameter of at least 7 cm. The results showed that the merchantable timber volume was strongly related to the charcoal production (tamarind: Pa = 185.6180 (Vkp)0.9455, n = 30, r2  = 0.9559; mahoni: 321.2263 (Vkp)1.0725, n = 29, r2  = 0.9459; mixed: = 235.0601 (Vkp)1.0008, n = 59, r2  = 0.9465). The potential of charcoal production in the community forests was then estimated based on the allometric equations. The potential of charcoal production in these community forests was 12.067 ton/ha, equal to Rp  21.117.250,00 /ha which contributing the forest to the regional income.