Individual dietary diversity is strongly associated with stunting in infants and young children

https://doi.org/10.22146/ijcn.15989

Bunga Astria Paramashanti(1*), Yhona Paratmanitya(2), Marsiswati Marsiswati(3)

(1) Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences Universitas Alma Ata, Yogyakarta
(2) Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences Universitas Alma Ata, Yogyakarta
(3) Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences Universitas Alma Ata, Yogyakarta
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


Background: The increased nutrient fulfillment is required for optimal growth and development during the first two years of life. Based on WHO, dietary diversity is one of core indicators for assessing diet quality and adequacy.

Objective: This study aimed to understand the association between individual dietary diversity and stunting in infants and young children in Sedayu Subdistrict, Bantul District, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.

Method: This study used cross-sectional design. It was conducted from February to March 2016 in Sedayu Subdistrict. Subjects were 189 infants and young children aged 6-23 months selected by probability proportional to size sampling technique. Individual dietary diversity was assessed by minimum dietary diversity with the consumption of 4 or more food groups of the total 7 food goups. Data were analyzed by using statistics descriptive, Chi-Square test, and multiple logistic regression.

Results: Poor dietary diversity (OR=16,76; 95%CI: 6,77-41,51) was significantly related with stunting. Other factor associated with stunting was low birth weight (OR=5,12; 95%CI: 2,11-12,43). In addition, appropiate time of introducing complementary food (OR=0,32; 95%CI: 0,13-0,75) was a protective factor against stunting. Household economic status acted as an effect modifier and confounding factor between dietary diversity and stunting.

Conclusion: Consumption of diverse diet at least 4 food groups reduced the risk of stunting in infants and young children. Efforts should be made to improve dietary diversity in complementary feeding practice.


Keywords


dietary diversity; infants and young children; stunting

Full Text:

PDF


References

  1. Crookston BT, Dearden KA, Alder SC, Porucznik CA, Stanford JB, Penny ME, et al. Impact of early and concurrent stunting on cognition. Matern Child Nutr. 2011;397–409.
  2. Casale D, Desmond C, Richter L. The association between stunting and psychosocial development among preschool children: a study using the South African Birth to Twenty cohort data. Child Care Health Dev [series online] 2014 Nov [cited 2016 Nov 4];40(6):900–10. Available from: URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24807234
  3. Liu J, Raine A. Nutritional status and social behavior in preschool children : the mediating effects of neurocognitive functioning. Matern Child Nutr. 2016;1–15.
  4. Symington EA, Diet M, Gericke GJ, Diet M, Nel JH, Labadarios D, et al. The relationship between stunting and overweight among children from South Africa : Secondary analysis of the National Food Consumption Survey – Fortification Baseline I. S Afr Med J. 2015;106(1):65–9.
  5. Navti LK, Ferrari U, Tange E, Parhofer KG, Pozza SB-D. Height-obesity relationship in school children in Sub-Saharan Africa: results of a cross-sectional study in Cameroon. BMC Res Notes. 2015;8:98.
  6. Prendergast AJ, Humphrey JH. The stunting syndrome in developing countries. Paediatr Int Child Health [series online] 2014 Nov [cited 2016 Nov 4];34(4):250–65. Available from: URL: http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=4232245&tool=pmcentrez&rendertype=abstract
  7. World Health Organization (WHO). WHA global nutrition target 2025: stunting policy brief. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2010.
  8. Kementrian Kesehatan RI. Riset kesehatan dasar 2013. Jakarta: Kementerian Kesehatan RI; 2013.
  9. World Health Organization (WHO). Proposed global targets for maternal, infant and young child nutrition. [series online] 2012 [cited 2016 Nov 4]. Available from: URL: http://www.who.int/nutrition/events/2012_proposed_globaltargets_backgroundpaper.pdf
  10. Hidayati L, Hadi H, Kumara A. Kekurangan energi dan zat gizi merupakan faktor risiko kejadian stunted pada anak usia 1-3 tahun yang tinggal di wilayah kumuh perkotaan Surakarta. Jurnal Kesehatan 2010;3(1):89–104.
  11. Zhou H, Wang XL, Ye F, Zeng XL, Wang Y. Relationship between child feeding practices and malnutrition in 7 remote and poor counties, PR China. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2012;21(2):234–40.
  12. Paramashanti BA, Hadi H, Gunawan IMA. Pemberian ASI eksklusif tidak berhubungan dengan stunting pada anak usia 6 – 23 bulan di Indonesia. Jurnal Gizi dan Dietetik Indonesia. 2015;(1):162–74.
  13. Kennedy GL, Ballard T, Dop M. Guidelines for measuring household and individual dietary diversity. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization; 2010.
  14. Ikeda N, Irie Y, Shibuya K. Determinants of reduced child stunting in Cambodia: analysis of pooled data from three demographic and health surveys. Bull World Health Organ [series online] 2013 [cited 2016 Nov 4];91:341–9. Available from: URL: http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=3646343&tool=pmcentrez&rendertype=abstract
  15. Darapheak C, Takano T, Kizuki M, Nakamura K, Seino K. Consumption of animal source foods and dietary diversity reduce stunting in children in Cambodia. Int Arch Med [series online] 2013 [cited 2016 Nov 4];6(1):29. Available from: URL: http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=3720190&tool=pmcentrez&rendertype=abstract
  16. Rah JH, Akhter N, Semba RD, de Pee S, Bloem MW, Kraemer K, et al. Low dietary diversity is a predictor of child stunting in rural Bangladesh. Eur J Clin Nutr [series online] 2010 [cited 2016 Nov 4];64(12):1393–8. Available from: URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ejcn.2010.171
  17. Esfarjani F, Roustaee R, Mohammadi-Nasrabadi F, Esmaillzadeh A. Major dietary patterns in relation to stunting among children in Tehran, Iran. J Heal Popul Nutr. 2013;31(2):202–10.
  18. Amugsi DA, Mittelmark MB, Lartey A. Dietary diversity is a predictor of acute malnutrition in rural but not in urban settings: evidence from Ghana. Br J Med Med Res. 2014;4(25):4310–24.
  19. Muslimatun S, Wiradnyani LA. Dietary diversity, animal source food consumption and linear growth among children aged 1–5 years in Bandung, Indonesia: a longitudinal observational study. Br J Nutr [series online] 2016 [cited 2016 Nov 4];116(Suppl 1):S27-35. Available from: URL: http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract_S0007114515005395
  20. Ocampo-guirindola ML, Garcia-malabad CJ, Valdeabella-maniego MLM, Punzalan SLM. Association between dietary diversity score and nutritional status of filipino children aged 6-23 months. Philipp J Sci. 2016;145(1):57–69.
  21. WHO Multicentre Growth Reference Study Group. WHO Child Growth Standards based on length / height , weight and age. Acta Paediatr. 2006;450:76–85.
  22. World Health Organization (WHO). Indicators for assessing infant and young child feeding practices. France: WHO Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data; 2008.
  23. Ruel MT, Menon P. Child feeding practices are associated with child nutritional status in Latin America: innovative uses of the demographic and health surveys. J Nutr. 2002;132(6):1180–7.
  24. Vitolo MR, Gama CM, Bortolini GA, Campagnolo PDB, Drachler MDL. Some risk factors associated with overweight, stunting and wasting among children under 5 years old. J Pediatr (Rio J). 2008;84(3):251–7.
  25. Bove I, Miranda T, Campoy C, Uauy R, Napol M. Stunting, overweight and child development impairment go hand in hand as key problems of early infancy: Uruguayan case. Early Hum Dev [series online] 2012 [cited 2016 Nov 4];88:747–51. Available from: URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2012.04.002
  26. Hoddinott J, Yohannes Y. Dietary diversity as a household food security indicator. [series online] 2002 [cited 2016 Nov 4]. Available from: URL: https://www.fantaproject.org/sites/default/files/resources/Dietray%20Diversity%20Tech%20Appendix.pdf
  27. Nasution D, Nurdiati DS, Huriyati E. Berat badan lahir rendah (BBLR) dengan kejadian stunting pada anak usia 6-24 bulan. Jurnal Gizi Klinik Indonesia. 2014;11(1):31–7.
  28. Giugliani ERJ, Victora CG. Complementary feeding. J Pediatr (Rio J). 2000;76(Suppl 3):253–62.
  29. Gupta A, Dadhich JP, Faridi MM. Breastfeeding and complementary feeding as a public health intervention for child survival in India. Indian J Pediatr. 2010;77:413–8.
  30. Khasanah DP, Hadi H, Paramashanti BA. Waktu pemberian makanan pendamping ASI (MP-ASI) berhubungan dengan kejadian stunting anak usia 6-23 bulan di Kecamatan Sedayu. Jurnal Gizi dan Dietetik Indonesia. 2016;4(2):105–11.
  31. World Health Organization (WHO). Infant and young child nutrition: global strategy on infant and young child feeding. Fifty Fifth World Heal Assem [series online] 2002 [cited 2016 Nov 4];1–18. Available from: URL: http://apps.who.int/gb/archive/pdf_files/WHA55/ea5515.pdf



DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/ijcn.15989

Article Metrics

Abstract views : 18686 | views : 12845

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Bookmark and Share


Copyright (c) 2017 Jurnal Gizi Klinik Indonesia

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Jurnal Gizi Klinik Indonesia (JGKI) Indexed by:
 
  

  free web stats View My Stats