Monitoring of Pollution of Salmonella sp. in Raw Milk Using Virulence Gen Marker

https://doi.org/10.22146/ifnp.33826

Stefanie Yolanda Liwan(1*), Tri Yahya Budiarso(2)

(1) Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology, Universitas Duta Wacana Christian, Yogyakarta
(2) Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology, Universitas Duta Wacana Christian, Yogyakarta
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


Salmonella sp. is an enteropathogenic organism and it can spread through contaminated food which is rich in nutrition such as raw milk. The goal from this research is to find out the suitable pasteurization and time effect on the growth isolates Salmonella sp. that its invA presence is detected. Seventy-five (75) samples were taken in three locations of milk collection from groups of breeders. 10 ml of milk samples were grown in enrichment culture of modified Tryptic Soy Broth (mTSB) at 37 oC for 12 hours. Cellular culture was then grown in differential selective medium of Salmonella Shigella Agar (SSA) and Chromocult Coliform Agar (CCA). From 75 milk samples produced 1392 colonies of typical Salmonella sp. pathogens. Then, isolates were selected using Triple Sugar Iron Agar (TSIA) and Urea Broth media, producing 3 suspected isolates of Salmonella sp which was known from colonies color. Results of confirmation using API 20E and 50 CHE produced two isolates of Salmonella spp. with %ID = 99.6% and one isolate of Salmonella typhi with %ID = 72.1%. All of the isolates were then detected for virulence factor using invA marker and all positive isolates have virulence factor. It indicates that raw milk contains polluted pathogenic bacteria.

 


Keywords


raw milk; enteric pathogenic; virulence gen

Full Text:

PDF


References

AOAC, 1995. Food and Drug Administration. Bacteriological Analytical Manual. 8th ed. AOAC International. Gaithersburg, MD 20877 USA.

BSN (Badan Standardisasi Nasional). 2009. Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI). No. 7388-2009 tentang Batas maksimum Cemaran Mikroba dalam Pangan. Jakarta.

CDC, 2012. Multistate Outbreak of Listeriosis Linked to Imported Frescolina Marte Brand Ricotta Salata Cheese (Final Update). Online: http://www.cdc.gov/listeria/ outbreaks/cheese-09-12/.

CDC NORS., 2012. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s (CDC) online foodborne disease outbreak database. Online: http://wwwn.cdc.gov/ foodborne outbreaks/.

Doyle MP, Schoeni JL., 1987. Isolation of Escherichia coli O157:H7 from retail fresh meats and poultry. Applied and Environment Microbiology. 53:2394-2396.

FDA-BAM., 2011. Bacteriological Analytical Manual, Chapter 4A: Diarrheagenic Escherichia. http://www.fda.gov/Food/FoodScience Research/ Laboratory Methods/ucm070080.htm

Forsythe SJ, Hayes PR., 1998. Food Hygiene, Microbiology, and HACCP. 3rded. Aspen Publishers, Inc. Gaithersburg, Maryland.

Gunaydin, E., Eyigor, A.Carli, K.T. 2007. A Capillary Polymerase Chain Reaction for Salmonella Detection from Poultry Meat. Letters In Applied Microbiology, 44, 24-29.

Malorny, B., Hoorfar, J., Hugas, M., Heuvelink, A., Fach, P., Ellerbroek, L., Bunge, C., Dorn, C. & Helmuth, R., 2003. Interlaboratory Diagnostic Accuracy of a Salmonella Specific PCR-Based Method. International Journal Of Food Microbiology, 89, 241-249.

Chajecka, W. dan Anna, Z., 2012. Detection of Salmonella spp. presence in food.University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Faculty of Food Sciences Chair of Industrial and Food Microbiology Poland.

De Clercq, D., Heyndrickx, A. C., M., Coosemans, J. & J. Ryckeboer, 2007. A Rapid Monitoring Assay for the Detection of Salmonella spp. and Salmonella Senftenberg Strain W775 in Composts. Journal Of Applied Microbiology, 103, 2102-2112.

Holmes, B. Willcox, W.R. dan Lapage, S.P. 1978. Identification of Enterobacteriaceae by the API 20E system. Journal of Clinical Pathology 31(1): 22-30.

Langer, A.J. Tracy, A. Grass, J., Lynch M., Angulo, F.J. dan Mahon, B.E., 2012. Nonpasteurized dairy products, disease outbreak, and state laws-United States, 1993-2006. Emerging Infectious Diseases 18(3): 385-391. www.cdc.gov/eid

Mungai, E.A., Behravesh, C.B., Dan Gould L.H., 2015. Increased outbreaks associated with nonpasteurized milk, United States, 2007-2012. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 21(1): 119-122.

Ray B, Bhunia A., 2011. Fundamental Food Microbiology. CRC Press. Boca Raton.

Rahn, K., De Grandis, S. A., Clarke, R. C., Mcewen, S. A., Galán, J. E., Ginocchio, C., Curtiss, R. & Gyles, C. L., 1992. Amplification of An Inva Gene Sequence of Salmonella Typhimurium by Polymerase Chain Reaction As A Specific Method of Detection of Salmonella. Molecular And Cellular Probes, 6,271-279.

Taskilla, S., Tuomola, M. dan Ojamo, H., 2012. Review: Enrichment cultivation in detection of foodborne Salmonella. Food Control. 26(2): 369-377.

Turner, K. M.; Restaino, L.; Frampton, E. W., 2000, Efficacy of chromocult coliform agar for coliform and Escherichia coli detection in foods. Journal of Food Protection. 63(4):539-541.

WHO, 2003. Background Document: The Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention of Typhoid Fever. Communicable Disease Surveillance and Response Vaccines and Biologicals. pp. 1-30; 103-120. http://www.who.int/ CSR/resources/publications/ drugresist/ IIIAMR Manual.pdf



DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/ifnp.33826

Article Metrics

Abstract views : 2340 | views : 2248

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Indonesian Food and Nutrition Progress (print ISSN 0854-6177, online ISSN 2597-9388) is published by the Indonesian Association of Food Technologist in collaboration with Department of Food and Agricultural Product Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada.

Journal of Indonesian Food and Nutrition Progress have been indexed by: 

   

 

This works is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.