Changing Water Regime: Remunicipalization in Indonesia under the Global Hegemony of Privatization
Marwa Marwa(1*)
(1) University College London
(*) Corresponding Author
Abstract
The research analyzes the emergence of water remunicipalization as counterhegmonic movement under the global hegemony of water privatization in Jakarta, Indonesia. In doing so, the author applies Gramsci’s theoretical framework of “Battle for Hegemony”, in understanding the dialectical relationship between the hegemony of privatization and remunicipalization as its opposing idea within the context of Indonesia’s water regime. Additionally, the author also uses the concept of “militant particularism” of Raymond Williams to explore the organization of remunicipalization as a counterhegemonic bloc. The opposing idea was materialized into diverse and particular struggles against privatization who connect themselves into one counterhegemonic bloc with a universal feature. Local struggles in Jakarta connected themselves under an anti-privatization movement or well known as the Koalisi Masyarakat Melawan Swastanisasi Air Jakarta (KMMSAJ). Later, KMMSAJ linked itself with a global struggle against water privatization with a counterhegemonic idea of remunicipalization. Nevertheless, the universality of remunicipalization does not necessarily eliminate the particularities of each struggle, as the dissemination of the idea and practice is appropriated to Indonesia’s political-economic context. By analyzing the organization of remuncipalization, this article intends to move the tedious discussion of water privatization that has been centralized to moral or legal human rights claims to a more productive discussion that explores an alternative idea.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Books
Bakker K.J., “Privatizing Water: Governance Failure and The World’s Urban Water Crisis” Cornell University Press, New York, 2010.
Bakker, K., ‘Watering The Thirsty Poor’, Privatizing water: governance’s failure and the world’s urban water crisis, Cornell University Press, New York, 2010.
Beder, S., ‘From Public Service to Private Profit’, Suiting Themselves: How Corporations Drive the Global Agenda, Earthscan, London, 2006.
Gramsci, A, Selections from Prison Notebooks: The Study of Philosophy, 1999.
Harvey, D., Justice Nature and The Geography of Difference, Oxford: Blackwell, 1996.
Kishimoto, S., Lobina, E., Petitejean, O., “Our Public Water Future: The Global Experience with remunicipalization”, Transnational Institute, April 2015.
McNally, M. and Schwarzmantel, J., “Gramsci and Global Politics: Hegemony and Resistance”, Routledge, New York, 2009.
McDonald, D. A and Ruiters, G., “The Age of Commodity: Water privatization in Southern Africa”, Earthscan, London, 2005.
Pigeon, M., McDonald, D. A., Hoedeman, O., Kishimoto, S., “remunicipalization: Putting Water Back into Public Hands”, Transnational Institute, Amsterdam, March 2012.
Journals
Barlow, M, ‘Water as Commodity: The Wrong Prescription’, Food First, Vol. 7 No. 3, Summer 2001.
Bakker, K., ‘Trickle Down? Private sector participation and the pro-poor water supply debate in Jakarta, Indonesia’, Geoforum, 2007, p. 855-868.
Candeias, M., Rilling, R., Weise, K., “Crisis of privatization: Return of The Public Sphere”, Policy Paper of Rosa Luxemburg Foundation, 2008.
Harvey, D. and Williams, R., “Militant Particularism and Global Ambition: The Conceptual Politics of Place, Space, and Environment in the Work of Raymond Williams”, Social Text No.42, Duke University Press, Spring 1995, p.69-98.
Karriem, A., “The Rise and Transformation of Brazilian Landless Movement into A Counter-hegemonic Political Actor: A Gramscian Analysis”, Geoforum, 2008, p. 316-325
Legal Sources
Indonesia Constitution 1945
New Water Law No. 7/2004
World Bank, Indonesia Water Resource Sector Adjustment Loan, Retrieved from: http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/487961468756571443/pdf/multi0page.pdf .
Organizational Publications
Menzies, L. and Setiono, M., ‘Output Based Aid di Indonesia: Peningkatan Akses Pelayanan Air bagi Rumah Tangga Miskin di Wilayah Jakarta Barat’, The Global Partnership on Output Based Aid, November 2010.
Transnational Institute, ‘The Impact of Water privatization in Jakarta’, The Eve of privatization in Jakarta series 2, January 2015.
Transnational Institute, ‘The Unfair Cooperation Agreement on Water privatization’, The Eve of privatization in Jakarta series 3, January 2015.
D. Hasibuan, ‘Jakarta Water privatization: Worker Campaign to Bring Back Water in Public Hands’, Serikat Pekerja PDAM Jakarta, April 2007.
Gunawan dan KRUHA, Naskah Akademik Rancangan Undang Undang Republik Indonesia tentang Air /
KRUHA, Kajian Hak Atas Air, KRUHA, Jakarta, August 2016.
Online Sources
Amrta Institute for Water Literacy, ‘Jakarta Water Service Violates Human Right to Water’, March 2016, Retrieved from: http://amrta-institute.org/updates/143-jakarta-s-water-services-violate-the-human-right-to-water.
Ellyda, C., ‘Court Decision Ends privatization of Water in Jakarta’, The Jakarta Post, March 2015, Retrieved from: http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2015/03/24/court-decision-ends-privatization-water-jakarta.html.
Gumilang, P., “Putusan MA Perintahkan Negara Stop Swastanisasi Air Jakarta”, CNN Indonesia, 10 October 2017, Retrieved from: https://www.cnnindonesia.com/nasional/20171011072626-12-247577/putusan-ma-perintahkan-negara-setop-swastanisasi-air-jakarta.
Hanifan, A. F., “Salim Group Memonopoli Air Bersih di Jakarta”, Tirto.id, 9 May 2018, Retrieved from: https://tirto.id/salim-group-memonopoli-air-bersih-di-jakarta-cJ7u accessed on August 18, 2018
Harsono, A., “Water and Politics in The Fall of Suharto”, The Water Barons, International Consortium of Investigative Journalist, 10 February 2003, Retrieved from: https://www.icij.org/project/water-barons/water-and-politics-fall-suharto.
Indonesia Corruption Watch, “Koalisi Masyarakat Menolak Swastanisasi Air dan Warga Gugat Liberalisasi Air Jakarta”, Retrieved from: http://www.antikorupsi.org/id/content/koalisi-masyarakat-menolak-swastanisasi-air-dan-warga-gugat-liberalisasi-air-jakarta.
KRUHA, Peringatan Hari Air Sedunia 2011, Retireved from: http://www.KRUHA.org/page/id/gallery_detil/13/Peringatan_Hari_Air_Dunia_2011.html.
Palyja, “Kolaborasi PAM Jaya, Palyja dan Aetra dalam Puncak Peringatan HAri Air Sedunia 2018”, 25 March 2018, Retrieved from: http://palyja.co.id/id/list-siaran-pers/kolaborasi-pam-jaya-palyja-dan-astra-dalam-puncak-peringatan-hari-air-sedunia-2018/.
Putri, B, U., “Kontra Memori PK Swastanisasi Air, Koalisi Pertanyakan Penjualan Saham Aetra dan Palyja”, Tempo, 6 June 2018, Retrieved from: https://metro.tempo.co/read/1095854/kontra-memori-pk-swastanisasi-air-koalisi-pertanyakan-penjualan-saham-aetra-dan-palyja.
Amrta Institute for Water Literacy, ‘Jakarta Water Service Violates Human Right to Water’, March 2016, Retrieved from: http://amrta-institute.org/updates/143-jakarta-s-water-services-violate-the-human-right-to-water.
Transnational Institute, https://www.tni.org
DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/globalsouth.33131
Article Metrics
Abstract views : 3558 | views : 2126Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.