Kontrak Sosial menurut Immanuel Kant: Kontekstualisasinya dengan Penegakan HAM di Indonesia

https://doi.org/10.22146/jf.56142

Althien John Pesurnay(1*)

(1) Duta Wacana Christian University
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


This article addresses the sensitive topic of human rights issues in Indonesia through a Kantian analysis. Cases of human rights violations are a common occurrence in Indonesia. Presently, human rights violations in the country are assessed from historical and legal perspectives. However, there is little commitment or willingness on the part of the Indonesian government to protect and defend the principles of human rights. This article is attempts to utilize arguments from political philosophy that can contextualize the protection and implementation of human rights in Indonesia, through an analysis of  the concept of social contract in Immanuel Kant’s political philosophy. According to Kant, freedom and equality are natural rights. This article demonstrates that Kant's social contract theory is linear with his formal moral philosophy. In his explanation, ‘contract’ is unified will. Therefore, the Indonesian state with its power is responsible to implement the will of the public to ensure order and rule of law and to protect the rights and freedom of each individual.


Keywords


Social Contract, Political Philosophy, Ethics, Human Rights

Full Text:

PDF


References

Aswandi, B., & Roisah, K. (2019). Negara hukum dan demokrasi pancasila dalam kaitannya dengan hak asasi manusia (HAM). Jurnal Pembangunan Hukum Indonesia, 1(1). https://doi.org/10.14710/jphi.v1i1.128-145

Azhar, H. (2014). The human rights struggle in indonesia: International advances, domestic deadlocks. Sur, 11(20).

Bayefsky, R. (2013). Dignity, Honour, and Human Rights: Kant’s Perspective. Political Theory, 41(6). https://doi.org/10.1177/0090591713499762

Benson, P. (1987). External Freedom according to Kant. Columbia Law Review, 87(3). https://doi.org/10.2307/1122671

Bertens, K. (1975). Sejarah Filsafat Yunani. Kanisius.

Budiardjo, M. (1981). Dasar-Dasar Ilmu Politik. Gramedia.

Copleston, F. (1994). A History of Philosophy. Vol. 6. Modern Philosophy: From the French Enlightenment to Kant. In Doubleday (Vol. 6, Issue March).

Donnelly, J. (2019). Universal Human Rights in Theory and Practice. In Universal Human Rights in Theory and Practice. https://doi.org/10.7591/9780801467493

Egi. (2018). Catatan Kritis Empat Tahun Pemerintah Joko Widodo. www.komnasham.go.id/index.php/news/2018/10/19/647/catatan-kritis-empat-tahun-pemerintahan-joko-widodo.html

El-Muhtaj, M. (2015). Hak Asasi Manusia dalam Konstitusi Indonesia. Kencana.

Franceschet, A. (2016). Kant and Liberal Internationalism: Sovereignty, Justice and Global Reform. In Kant and Liberal Internationalism: Sovereignty, Justice and Global Reform. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-07853-7

Freeman, M. (1994). The Philosophical Foundations of Human Rights. Human Rights Quarterly, 16(3). https://doi.org/10.2307/762434

Ginsberg, R. (2016). Kant and Hobbes on The Social Contract. The Southwestern Journal of Philosophy, 5(1).

Gordon, J. (2017). The concept of Human Rights: The history and meaning of its politicization. In Human Rights. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315199955-3

Hamid, U. (2006). Isu-isu HAM di Indonesia. Seminar & Workshop Pendidikan Hak Asasi Manusia.

Herzog, D. (1984). Will and Political Legitimacy: A Critical Exposition of Social Contract Theory in Hobbes, Locke, Rousseau, Kant, and Hegel. Patrick Riley . The Journal of Politics, 46(1). https://doi.org/10.2307/2130446

Kant, I. (1958). Critique of Pure Reason. Bobbs-Merril.

Kant, I. (1964). Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Moral. Harper & Row, New York.

Kant, I. (2003). Idea for a universal history with a cosmopolitan purpose. In The Civil Society Reader. https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511809620.004

Kant, I. (2019). The Metaphysics of Morals. In Kant: Political Writings. https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511809620.008

Landman, T. (2013). Human Rights and Democracy. Bloomsbury, New York.

Landman, T. (2018). Democracy and human rights: Concepts, measures, and relationships. Politics and Governance, 6(1). https://doi.org/10.17645/pag.v6i1.1186

Marey, M. (2020). Kant’s popular sovereignty and cosmopolitanism. Constellations, 27(3). https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8675.12453

Purnamasari Deti M. (2019). Kaleidoskop 2019 Catatan Komnas HAM Untuk Pemerintah Terkait Hak Asasi. www.nasional.kompas.com/read/2019/12/24/20042321/kaleidoskop-2019-catatan-komnas-ham-untuk-pemerintah-terkait-hak-asasi?page=all

Putra, M. A. (2016). Perkembangan muatan ham dalam konstitusi di Indonesia. FIAT JUSTISIA:Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, 9(2). https://doi.org/10.25041/fiatjustisia.v9no2.597

Rapar, J. . (1993). Filsafat Politik Aristoteles. Raja Grafindo Persada.

Riley, P. (1980). Will and Political legitimacy, A Critical Exposition of Social Contract Theory in Hobbes, Locke, Rousseau, Kant, and Hegel. Harvard University Press.

Ripstein, A. (2009). Force and Freedom, Kant’s Legal and Political Philosophy. Harvard University Press.

Robet, R. (2014). Politik Hak Asasi Manusia dan Transisi di Indonesia, Dari Awal Reformasi hingga Akhir Pemerintahan SBY. ELSAM.

Russel, B. (1945). History of Western Philosophy. Simon & Schuster George Allen & Unwin Ltd.

Schmandt, H. J. (1960). A History of Political Philosophy. The Bruce Publishing Company.

Utari. (2020). Penegakan HAM di Indonesia belum mengalami Kemajuan. https://www.komnasham.go.id/index.php/news/2020/7/13/1480/penegakan-ham-di-indonesia-belum-mengalami-kemajuan.html

Williams, H. (2011). Metaphysical and not just Political, Politics and Metaphysics in Kant. University of Wales Press.



DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jf.56142

Article Metrics

Abstract views : 8620 | views : 12048

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.




Copyright (c) 2021 Jurnal Filsafat

Jurnal Filsafat Indexed by:

Google ScholarSinta (Science and Technology Index)


Jurnal Filsafat ISSN 0853-1870 (print), ISSN 2528-6811 (online)