BUDAYA LONGKO' TORAJA DALAM PERSPEKTIF ETIKA LAWRENCE KOHLBERG

https://doi.org/10.22146/jf.13196

Diks Sasmanto Pasande(1*)

(1) Sekolah Tinggi Agama Kristen Negeri Toraja
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


This research studies one of the local wisdoms in Toraja society which is longko' or culture of shame. This culture contains values of religious ethics and communal spirit to maintain self-esteem and vigilance in order to be not humiliated/ shamed (kalongkoran). The longko' of Toraja is observed from the ethics perspective of Lawrence Kohlberg to analyze ethical values of the culture. The result of this research indicates that, according to the Kohlberg's theory of moral development stages, Toraja society tends to be at the conventional level and the third stages which is characterized by a social morality where the union with familiar groups becomes the highest value. It is in accordance with communal ties which are very strong in the Toraja society and known as tongkonan. The longko', as an internalization result of understanding varieties which is held steadfastly by the Toraja society, contains not only values of honor, self esteem and shame, but also other positive values such as work ethos and spirit. Kamalamburan (honesty) and karapasan (harmony and peace) are the main values of Toraja society. The Longko' is quite relevant, especially in relation to the national efforts to solve the problem of corruption through the cultural approach.

Keywords


culture of shame; ethics; moral development

Full Text:

PDF


References

Crystal, Eric, 1974, Cooking Pot Politics: A Toraja Village Study, Cornell

Modern Indonesia Project.

Davis, Colin, 1996, Levinas: An Introdution, University of Notre Dame Press, Indiana.

de Jong, Edwin, 2008, Living with the Dead: The Economic of Culture

in the Torajan Highlands, Indonesia, Nijmegen University Press, Nijmegen.

Geertz, Clifford, 1973, The Interpretation of Cultures, Basic Books,

Inc., New York.

Habermas, Jürgen, 1990, Moral Consciousness and Communicative

Action, terj. Ch. Lenhardt and S.H. Nicholsen, Polity Press, Massachusetts.

Kobong, Theodorus, 2008, Injil dan Tongkonan: Inkarnasi, Kontekstualisasi, Transformasi, PT. BPK-Gunung Mulia, Jakarta.

Kohlberg, Lawrence, 1981, Essays on Moral Development Vol. I: The

Philosophy of Moral Development, Harper & Row, San Francisco.

Kohlberg, Lawrence, 1984, Essays on Moral Development Vol. II: The

Psychology of Moral Development, Harper & Row, San Francisco.

Magnis-Suseno, F., 1983, Etika Jawa: Sebuah Analisa Falsafati

tentang Kebijaksanaan Hidup Jawa, Gramedia-Pustaka Utama, Jakarta.

Magnis-Suseno, F., F., 2000, 12 Tokoh Etika Abad ke-20, Kanisius,

Yogyakarta.

Mead, Margaret, 1961, Cooperation and Competition among Primitive

People, Beacon Press., Boston.

Nooy-Palm, Hetty, 1979, The Sa'dan Toraja: A Study of Their Social

Life and Religion,Vol. I, Organization, Symbols and Beliefs,

KITLV, Leiden.

Nooy-Palm, Hetty, 1986, The Sa'dan Toraja: A Study of Their Social

Life and Religion, Vol. II, Rituals of the East and West, KITLV, Leiden.

Piers, Gerhart and Singer, Milton, B., 1971, Shame and Guilt: A Psychoanalitic and a Cultural Study, W.W Norton & Co., New

York.

Rawls, John, 1971, A Theory of Justice, Harvard University Press,

Cambridge.

Volkman, Toby, A., 1985, Feast of Honor: Ritual and Change in the Toraja Highlands, University of Illinois Press, Chicago.

Waterson, Roxana, 1995, Houses, Graves and the Limits of Kinship

Grouping among the Sa'dan Toraja, KITLV, Leiden.

Waterson, Roxana, 2009, Paths and Rivers: Sa'dan Toraja Society in

Transformation, NUS Press., Singapore.



DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jf.13196

Article Metrics

Abstract views : 6766 | views : 19711

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.




Copyright (c) 2013 Jurnal Filsafat

Jurnal Filsafat Indexed by:

Google ScholarSinta (Science and Technology Index)


Jurnal Filsafat ISSN 0853-1870 (print), ISSN 2528-6811 (online)