Skip to main navigation menu Skip to main content Skip to site footer

Research article

Vol 12 No 1 (2018): Volume 12, Number 1, 2018

Recovery ion Hg2+ dari limbah cair industri penambangan emas rakyat dengan metode presipitasi sulfida dan hidroksida

DOI
https://doi.org/10.22146/jrekpros.34496
Submitted
November 16, 2023
Published
June 30, 2018

Abstract

Unlicensed gold mining activities using mercury (Hg) as a gold element binder is called the amalgamation process. Mercury is a heavy metal and categorized as toxic material. The use of mercury can potentially cause a pollution in environment, especially the aquatic system. For overcoming the heavy metals of mercury in liquid waste, it needs an alternative wastewater treatment method e.g. chemical precipitation. This study is aimed to recover Hg2+ ions from liquid wastes by using sulphide precipitation and hydroxide methods. This research studied the effect of pH on Hg2+ ions which is deposited in the precipitation process and evaluated the rate of Hg2+ precipitation formation. Precipitation was carried out by using sodium sulphide (Na2S) 0.3 M and Ca(OH)2 0.004 M as a precipitation agent with a rapid mixing speed for about 200 rpm for 3 minutes and continued with slow mixing for about 40 rpm for 30 minutes. Then, the liquid sample was left for 24 hours to precipitate. The results showed that precipitation method by using Na2S solution can decrease the content of Hg in HgCl2 synthetic waste. Optimum mass of HgS precipitate of 0.046 g was achieved at pH 9 with a removal efficiency percentage up to 99.81%. The rate of formation of HgS precipitate is 0.4mg/ hour. While, hydroxide precipitation method can decrease mercury level up to 90.11% at pH 12 and mass of Hg (OH)2 precipitate obtained is 0.28 g. However, the result of EDX analysis of the precipitate of Hg (OH)2 showed that the content of Hg precipitate is still low at 0.28 wt.%.

References

  1. Andaka, G., 2008, Penurunan kadar tembaga pada limbah cair industri kerajinan perak dengan presipitasi menggunakan natrium hidroksida, Jurnal Teknologi, Volume. 1 Nomor 2, 127 – 134.
  2. Baijnath, Lal, L., Gautam, V., and Yadav, V.L., 2014, A Comparative study of the removal efficiency of calcium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide as precipitating agents for chromium (III), Journal of Civil Engineering and Environmental Technology, Vol. 1, Number 1, pp. 17-20.
  3. Gharabaghi, M., Irannajad, M. and Azadmehr, A. R., 2012, Selective sulphide precipitation of heavy metals from acidic polymetallic aqueous solution by thioacetamide, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 51(2), pp. 954–963.
  4. Hagemann, S., Oppermann, U., and Brasser T., 2014, Behaviour of Mercury and Mercury Compounds at the Underground Disposal in Salt Formations and Their Potential Mobilisation by Saline Solutions, Federal Environment Agency Germany, Umweltbundesamt.
  5. Handoko, C. T., Yanti, T. B., Syadiyah, H., and Marwati, S., 2013, Penggunaan metode presipitasi untuk menurunkan kadar cu dalam limbah cair industri perak di Kota Gede, Jurnal Penelitian Saintek, Vol. 18, No. 2, pp. 51–58.
  6. Lewis, A. and Van Hille, R., 2006, An exploration into the sulphide precipitation method and its effect on metal sulphide removal, Hydrometallurgy, 81(3–4), pp. 197– 204.
  7. Marchioretto, M. M. and Bruning, H., 2002, Optimization of chemical dosage in heavy metals precipitation in anaerobically digested sludge, Congreso Interamericano de Ingeniera Sanitary Ambiental, Mexico, No.28.
  8. Naim, R., Kisay, L., Park, J., Qaisar, M., Zulfiqar, A. B., Noshin, M. and Jamil, K., 2010, Precipitation chelation of cyanide complexes in electroplating industry wastewater, Int. J. Environ. Res., 4(4), 735- 740.
  9. Pecora, William T. and Hickel, Walter J., 1970, Mercury in The Environment: A compilation of papers on the abundance, distribution, and testing of mercury in rocks, soils, waters, plants, and the atmosphere, Geological Survey Professional Paper, United States Government Printing Office, Washington.
  10. Purwanto, 2005, Permodelan Rekayasa Proses dan Lingkungan, Badan penerbit Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang.
  11. Shafeeq, A., Muhammad, A., Sarfraz, W., Toqeer, A., Rashid, S., and Rafiq, M. K., 2012, Mercury removal techniques for industrial waste water, International Journal of Chemical, Molecular, Nuclear, Materials and Metallurgical Engineering, 6 (12), 1164-1167.
  12. Sheeja, P. and Selvapathy, P., 2014, Comparative study on the removal efficiency of cadmium and lead using hydroxide and sulfide precipitation with the complexing agents, Int. J. Curr. Res. Chem. Pharm. Sci., 1 (6), 38-42.
  13. Skants, A. J. C., 2012, Evaluation of Treatment Techniques for Mercury Contaminated Leachates, Master of Science Thesis, Chalmers University of Technology.
  14. Tchobanoglous, G., Burton, F. L., and Stensel, H. D., 1991, Wastewater Engineering: Treatment and Reuse 4th Edition, Metcalf & Eddy Inc, USA.
  15. Vogel, G., 1979, Analisa Anorganik Kuantitatif Makro dan Semi Mikro, Vol.1, Longman Group Limited, London.
  16. Wang, X. and Andrews, L., 2005, Infrared spectrum of Hg(OH)2 in solid neon and argon, Inorg. Chem., 44, 108-113.
  17. Widhiyatna, D., Hutamadi, R., Ahdiat, A., 2006, Pendataan Penyebaran Merkuri pada Wilayah Pertambangan Di Daerah Selogiri, Kab.Wonogiri, Provinsi Jawa Tengah, Proceeding Pemaparan Hasil-Hasil Kegiatan Lapangan dan Non Lapangan, Pusat Sumberdaya Geologi.