Formulation of Lotion with Ethanol Extract of Curcuma manga Val. as UV B Sunscreen and Activity Test using UV-Vis Spectrophotometry
Keywords:
Curcuma mango, antioxidant, sunscreen, curcuminoids, flavonoids
Abstract
Temu mango (Curcuma manga Val) is a rhizome plant native to Indonesia that contains curcuminoid and flavonoid antioxidant compounds. These compounds are thought to have activity as UV light protectors, especially UV B. This study uses a qualitative test of the compound content in temu mango followed by formulation and activity testing of water in oil (w/o) sunscreen lotion of temu mango in vitro. Optimization of w/o lotion formulation uses Design Expert® (DE) software version 9.0.4.1 with the Simplex Lattice Design method. The DE software obtained 13 runs of w/o lotion formula and continued with physical properties evaluation to determine the optimum formula. The optimum formula of lotion w/o predicted by DE software was tested for physical stability for four weeks, SPF test, percent pigmentation, and percent erythema using UV-Vis spectrophotometry. The results of the study show that temu mango extract was found to provide an SPF value at a concentration of 0.3 mg/mL with an SPF value of 16.62. The results of the optimum formula of lotion w/o were 7%glycerin, 7% cera alba, 5% cetyl alcohol with a value of stickiness of 0.70 ± 0.03 seconds, spreadability of 13.20 ± 0.83 cm2, and viscosity of 95.19 ± 3.06 dPa.s. Referring to the storage results, the optimum formula of w/o lotion from temu mango extract was stable during one month of storage. The w/o lotion in the optimum formula produced an SPF value of 15.06 ± 0.39, percent erythema of 10.95%, and percent pigmentation of 10.41%.
References
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Holick, M. F. (2020). Sunlight, UV Radiation, Vitamin D, and Skin Cancer: How Much Sunlight Do We Need? In J. Reichrath (Ed.), Sunlight, Vitamin D and Skin Cancer (Vol. 1268, pp. 19–36). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-46227-7_2.
Kageyama, H., & Waditee-Sirisattha, R. (2019). Antioxidative, Anti-Inflammatory, and Anti-Aging Properties of Mycosporine-Like Amino Acids: Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms in the Protection of Skin-Aging. Marine Drugs, 17(4), 222. https://doi.org/10.3390/md17040222.
Komala, A. M., & Haryoto, H. (2021). Tests of Ash Content, Moisture Content and Dry Shrinkage of Ethanol Extracts of Capidada Leaves (Sonneratia alba) and Ketapang (Terminilia cattapa). Journal of Nutraceuticals and Herbal Medicine, 3(1), Article 1.
Liu, X., Zhang, R., Shi, H., Li, X., Li, Y., Taha, A., & Xu, C. (2018). Protective effect of curcumin against ultraviolet A irradiation‑induced photoaging in human dermal fibroblasts. Molecular Medicine Reports. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2018.8791
Ma, Y., & Yoo, J. (2021). History of sunscreen: An updated view. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 20(4), 1044–1049. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocd.14004.
Malsawmtluangi, C., Nath, D. K., Jamatia, I., Lianhimgthangi, Zarzoliana, E., & Pachuau, L. (2013). Determination of Sun Protection Factor (SPF) number of some aqueous herbal extracts. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science, 3,(9), 150–151. https://doi.org/10.7324/JAPS.2013.3925.
Meléndez-Martínez, A. J., Stinco, C. M., & Mapelli-Brahm, P. (2019). Skin Carotenoids in Public Health and Nutricosmetics: The Emerging Roles and Applications of the UV Radiation-Absorbing Colourless Carotenoids Phytoene and Phytofluene. Nutrients, 11(5), 1093. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11051093.
Miksa, S., Lutz, D., Guy, C., & Delamour, E. (2016). Sunscreen sun protection factor claim based on in vivo interlaboratory variability. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 38(6), 541–549. https://doi.org/10.1111/ics.12333.
Monton, C., Charoenchai, L., Suksaeree, J., & Sueree, L. (2016). Quantitation of curcuminoid contents, dissolution profile, and volatile oil content of turmeric capsules produced at some secondary government hospitals. Journal of Food and Drug Analysis, 24(3), 493–499. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfda.2016.01.007.
Morocho-Jácome, A. L., Freire, T. B., Oliveira, A. C. de, Almeida, T. S. de, Rosado, C., Velasco, M. V. R., & Baby, A. R. (2021). In vivo SPF from multifunctional sunscreen systems developed with natural compounds—A review. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 20(3), 729–737. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocd.13609.
Muchtaromah, B., Wahyudi, D., Ahmad, M., Muhammad Ansori, A. N., Annisa, R., & Hanifah, L. (2021). Chitosan-Tripolyphosphate Nanoparticles of Mango Ginger (Curcuma mangga) Extract: Phytochemical Screening, Formulation, Characterization, and Antioxidant Activity. Pharmacognosy Journal, 13(5), 1065–1071. https://doi.org/10.5530/pj.2021.13.138.
Okafo, S. E., Anie, C. O., Arerusuoghene, C. A., & Nwankwo, L. U. (2023). Evaluation of physicochemical and antimicrobial properties of creams formulated using Pterocarpus santalinoides seeds methanol extract. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science. https://doi.org/10.7324/JAPS.2023.19934.
Panche, A. N., Diwan, A. D., & Chandra, S. R. (2016). Flavonoids: An overview. Journal of Nutritional Science, 5, e47. https://doi.org/10.1017/jns.2016.41.
Parwaiz, S., Khan, M. M., & Pradhan, D. (2019). CeO 2 -based nanocomposites: An advanced alternative to TiO 2 and ZnO in sunscreens. Materials Express, 9(3), 185–202. https://doi.org/10.1166/mex.2019.1495.
Pujimulyani, D., Suryani, Ch. L., Setyowati, A., Handayani, Rr. A. S., Arumwardana, S., Widowati, W., & Maruf, A. (2020). Cosmeceutical potentials of Curcuma mangga Val. Extract in human BJ fibroblasts against MMP1, MMP3, and MMP13. Heliyon, 6(9), e04921. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04921.
Saraha, A. R., Rakhman, K. A., & Sugrah, N. (2018). Anti-UV Activity and Electronic Transition Study of 1,3-Diphenyl-2-Propenone Using Semi-Empirical Method ZINDO/s. Asian Journal of Chemistry, 30(5), 1057–1060. https://doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2018.21156.
Arifin, B., Nasution, R., Savila, S., Ramadani, R., Helwati, H., Marianne, M., Amna, U., & Saidi, N. (2020). Sunscreen Activities of Bark Artocarpus heterophyllus against Ultraviolet Ray (Sun Protection Factor) in Lotion Formula. Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences, 8(A), 461–467. https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2020.4665.
Arizona, M., & Zulkarnain, A. K. (2018). Optimasi Formula dan Uji Aktivitas Secara In Vitro Lotion O/W Ekstrak Etanolik Rimpang Temu Mangga (Curcuma Mangga Val. Dan van Zijp) sebagai Tabir Surya. Majalah Farmaseutik, 14(1), 29. https://doi.org/10.22146/farmaseutik.v14i1.41926.
Barnes, P. W., Williamson, C. E., Lucas, R. M., Robinson, S. A., Madronich, S., Paul, N. D., Bornman, J. F., Bais, A. F., Sulzberger, B., Wilson, S. R., Andrady, A. L., McKenzie, R. L., Neale, P. J., Austin, A. T., Bernhard, G. H., Solomon, K. R., Neale, R. E., Young, P. J., Norval, M., … Zepp, R. G. (2019). Ozone depletion, ultraviolet radiation, climate change and prospects for a sustainable future. Nature Sustainability, 2(7), 569–579. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893-019-0314-2.
Bustamante, M., Hernandez‐Ferrer, C., Tewari, A., Sarria, Y., Harrison, G. I., Puigdecanet, E., Nonell, L., Kang, W., Friedländer, M. R., Estivill, X., González, J. R., Nieuwenhuijsen, M., & Young, A. R. (2020). Dose and time effects of solar‐simulated ultraviolet radiation on the in vivo human skin transcriptome. British Journal of Dermatology, 182(6), 1458–1468. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjd.18527.
Cefali, L. C., Ataide, J. A., Moriel, P., Foglio, M. A., & Mazzola, P. G. (2016). Plant-based active photoprotectants for sunscreens. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 38(4), 346–353. https://doi.org/10.1111/ics.12316.
Cvetkovska, A. D., Manfredini, S., Ziosi, P., Molesini, S., Dissette, V., Magri, I., Scapoli, C., Carrieri, A., Durini, E., & Vertuani, S. (2017). Factors affecting SPF in vitro measurement and correlation with in vivo results. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 39(3), 310–319. https://doi.org/10.1111/ics.12377.
Eko Prasetyo, B., Laila, L., & Hanum, T. I. (2022). Physical Characterization of Nanoemulgel containing Ethanol Extract of Curcuma mangga Val. Using Carbopol 940 as Gelling agent. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, 3020–3024. https://doi.org/10.52711/0974-360X.2022.00504.
Ekramian, S., Abbaspour, H., Roudi, B., Amjad, L., & Nafchi, A. M. (2021). Influence of Nigella sativa L. Extract on Physico‒Mechanical and Antimicrobial Properties of Sago Starch Film. Journal of Polymers and the Environment, 29(1), 201–208. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10924-020-01864-y.
Ferreira, S. M., Gomes, S. M., & Santos, L. (2023). A Novel Approach in Skin Care: By-Product Extracts as Natural UV Filters and an Alternative to Synthetic Ones. Molecules, 28(5), 2037. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28052037.
Goyal, A., Sharma, A., Kaur, J., Kumari, S., Garg, M., Sindhu, R. K., Rahman, Md. H., Akhtar, M. F., Tagde, P., Najda, A., Banach-Albińska, B., Masternak, K., Alanazi, I. S., Mohamed, H. R. H., El-kott, A. F., Shah, M., Germoush, M. O., Al-malky, H. S., Abukhuwayjah, S. H., … Abdel-Daim, M. M. (2022). Bioactive-Based Cosmeceuticals: An Update on Emerging Trends. Molecules, 27(3), 828. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27030828.
Hart, P. H., Norval, M., Byrne, S. N., & Rhodes, L. E. (2019). Exposure to Ultraviolet Radiation in the Modulation of Human Diseases. Annual Review of Pathology: Mechanisms of Disease, 14(1), 55–81. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-pathmechdis-012418-012809.
Holick, M. F. (2020). Sunlight, UV Radiation, Vitamin D, and Skin Cancer: How Much Sunlight Do We Need? In J. Reichrath (Ed.), Sunlight, Vitamin D and Skin Cancer (Vol. 1268, pp. 19–36). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-46227-7_2.
Kageyama, H., & Waditee-Sirisattha, R. (2019). Antioxidative, Anti-Inflammatory, and Anti-Aging Properties of Mycosporine-Like Amino Acids: Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms in the Protection of Skin-Aging. Marine Drugs, 17(4), 222. https://doi.org/10.3390/md17040222.
Komala, A. M., & Haryoto, H. (2021). Tests of Ash Content, Moisture Content and Dry Shrinkage of Ethanol Extracts of Capidada Leaves (Sonneratia alba) and Ketapang (Terminilia cattapa). Journal of Nutraceuticals and Herbal Medicine, 3(1), Article 1.
Liu, X., Zhang, R., Shi, H., Li, X., Li, Y., Taha, A., & Xu, C. (2018). Protective effect of curcumin against ultraviolet A irradiation‑induced photoaging in human dermal fibroblasts. Molecular Medicine Reports. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2018.8791
Ma, Y., & Yoo, J. (2021). History of sunscreen: An updated view. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 20(4), 1044–1049. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocd.14004.
Malsawmtluangi, C., Nath, D. K., Jamatia, I., Lianhimgthangi, Zarzoliana, E., & Pachuau, L. (2013). Determination of Sun Protection Factor (SPF) number of some aqueous herbal extracts. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science, 3,(9), 150–151. https://doi.org/10.7324/JAPS.2013.3925.
Meléndez-Martínez, A. J., Stinco, C. M., & Mapelli-Brahm, P. (2019). Skin Carotenoids in Public Health and Nutricosmetics: The Emerging Roles and Applications of the UV Radiation-Absorbing Colourless Carotenoids Phytoene and Phytofluene. Nutrients, 11(5), 1093. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11051093.
Miksa, S., Lutz, D., Guy, C., & Delamour, E. (2016). Sunscreen sun protection factor claim based on in vivo interlaboratory variability. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 38(6), 541–549. https://doi.org/10.1111/ics.12333.
Monton, C., Charoenchai, L., Suksaeree, J., & Sueree, L. (2016). Quantitation of curcuminoid contents, dissolution profile, and volatile oil content of turmeric capsules produced at some secondary government hospitals. Journal of Food and Drug Analysis, 24(3), 493–499. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfda.2016.01.007.
Morocho-Jácome, A. L., Freire, T. B., Oliveira, A. C. de, Almeida, T. S. de, Rosado, C., Velasco, M. V. R., & Baby, A. R. (2021). In vivo SPF from multifunctional sunscreen systems developed with natural compounds—A review. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 20(3), 729–737. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocd.13609.
Muchtaromah, B., Wahyudi, D., Ahmad, M., Muhammad Ansori, A. N., Annisa, R., & Hanifah, L. (2021). Chitosan-Tripolyphosphate Nanoparticles of Mango Ginger (Curcuma mangga) Extract: Phytochemical Screening, Formulation, Characterization, and Antioxidant Activity. Pharmacognosy Journal, 13(5), 1065–1071. https://doi.org/10.5530/pj.2021.13.138.
Okafo, S. E., Anie, C. O., Arerusuoghene, C. A., & Nwankwo, L. U. (2023). Evaluation of physicochemical and antimicrobial properties of creams formulated using Pterocarpus santalinoides seeds methanol extract. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science. https://doi.org/10.7324/JAPS.2023.19934.
Panche, A. N., Diwan, A. D., & Chandra, S. R. (2016). Flavonoids: An overview. Journal of Nutritional Science, 5, e47. https://doi.org/10.1017/jns.2016.41.
Parwaiz, S., Khan, M. M., & Pradhan, D. (2019). CeO 2 -based nanocomposites: An advanced alternative to TiO 2 and ZnO in sunscreens. Materials Express, 9(3), 185–202. https://doi.org/10.1166/mex.2019.1495.
Pujimulyani, D., Suryani, Ch. L., Setyowati, A., Handayani, Rr. A. S., Arumwardana, S., Widowati, W., & Maruf, A. (2020). Cosmeceutical potentials of Curcuma mangga Val. Extract in human BJ fibroblasts against MMP1, MMP3, and MMP13. Heliyon, 6(9), e04921. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04921.
Saraha, A. R., Rakhman, K. A., & Sugrah, N. (2018). Anti-UV Activity and Electronic Transition Study of 1,3-Diphenyl-2-Propenone Using Semi-Empirical Method ZINDO/s. Asian Journal of Chemistry, 30(5), 1057–1060. https://doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2018.21156.
Published
2024-09-25
How to Cite
Kusumorini, N., & Zulkarnain, A. K. (2024). Formulation of Lotion with Ethanol Extract of Curcuma manga Val. as UV B Sunscreen and Activity Test using UV-Vis Spectrophotometry. Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy, 35(3), 521–530. https://doi.org/10.22146/ijp.9583
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Research Article
