The influence of Propylene glycol/Water and Ethanol/Water Binary Solvents on the in vitro Permeation of Garcinia mangostana L. Pericarp Extract across Shed Snakeskin
Abstract
Garcinia mangostana pericarp (GMP) has antioxidant activity thus may be developed into a topical antioxidant formulation. This research aimed to study the topical delivery of GMP extract. Initially, some commonly used topical solvents, i.e., water and binary solvents of propylene glycol (PG)/water and ethanol/water (0; 10; 20 and 40%), were used to dissolve GMP extract and further tested on GMP extract in vitro skin permeation using shed snakeskin. The influence of solvents' effects was evaluated based on radical DPPH scavenging activity and expressed as radical scavenging activity equivalent GMP Extract (RSGMPE). The results showed that RSGMPE could be delivered into shed snakeskin. The extent of RSGMPE shed snakeskin retention was similar among water and all PG/water or ethanol/water binary solvents. RSGMPE was also found in the receptor phase from all PG/water binary solvents, whereas that from ethanol/water solvents only shown from 20% ethanol/water solvent even though all ethanol-water solvents produced significantly higher RSGMPE compared to water and PG/water binary solvents
References
Censi, R., Martena, V., Hoti, E., Malaj, L., & Di Martino, P. 2012. Permeation and skin retention of quercetin from microemulsions containing transcutol® p. Drug development and industrial pharmacy, 38(9), 1128-1133.
Fonseca, Y. M., Catini, C. D., Vicentini, F. T., Cardoso, J. C., Junior, R. L. C. D. A., & Fonseca, M. J. V. 2011. Efficacy of marigold extract-loaded formulations against UV-induced oxidative stress. Journal of pharmaceutical sciences, 100(6), 2182-2193.
Jung, H., Su, B., Keller, W., Mehta, R., & Kinghorn, A. 2006. Antioxidant xanthones from the pericarp of garcinia mangostana (mangosteen). Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 54(6), 2077-2082.
Kuswahyuning, R., Yuniarti, N., Lesmana, I., & Fadhilah, N. 2019. In-vitro transport evaluation of garcinia mangostana l. Pericarp extract loaded cream and gel. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, 10(8), 3715-3722.
Lane, M. E. 2013. Skin penetration enhancers. International journal of pharmaceutics, 447(1-2), 12-21.
Martorana, M., Arcoraci, T., Rizza, L., Cristani, M., Bonina, F. P., Saija, A., Trombetta, D., & Tomaino, A. 2013. In vitro antioxidant and in vivo photoprotective effect of pistachio (pistacia vera l., variety bronte) seed and skin extracts. Fitoterapia, 85, 41-48.
Megrab, N. A., Williams, A. C., & Barry, B. W. 1995. Oestradiol permeation across human skin, silastic, and snake skin membranes: The effects of ethanol/water co-solvent systems. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 116(1), 101-112.
Ngawhirunpat, T., Opanasopi, P., Sukma, M., Sittisombut, C., Kat, A., & Adachi, I. 2010. Antioxidant, free radical-scavenging activity and cytotoxicity of different solvent extracts and their phenolic constituents from the fruit hull of mangosteen (garcinia mangostana). Pharmaceutical biology, 48(1), 55-62.
Nunes, A. R., Rodrigues, A. L. M., de Queiróz, D. B., Vieira, I. G. P., Neto, J. F. C., Junior, J. T. C., Tintino, S. R., de Morais, S. M., & Coutinho, H. D. M. 2018. The photoprotective potential of medicinal plants from cerrado biome (brazil) in relation to phenolic content and antioxidant activity. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology, 189, 119-123.
Panchagnula, R., Salve, P. S., Thomas, N. S., Jain, A. K., & Ramarao, P. 2001. Transdermal delivery of naloxone: Effect of water, propylene glycol, ethanol and their binary combinations on permeation through rat skin. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 219(1-2), 95-105.
Ribeiro, A., Estanqueiro, M., Oliveira, M., & Sousa Lobo, J. 2015. Main benefits and applicability of plant extracts in skincare products. Cosmetics, 2(2), 48-65.
Sukatta, U., Takenaka, M., Ono, H., Okadome, H., Sotome, I., Nanayama, K., Thanapase, W., & Isobe, S. 2013. Distribution of major xanthones in the pericarp, aril, and yellow gum of mangosteen (garcinia mangostana linn.) fruit and their contribution to antioxidative activity. Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry, 77(5), 984-987.
Suttirak, W., & Manurakchinakorn, S. 2014. In vitro antioxidant properties of mangosteen peel extract. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 51(12), 3546-3558.
Tjahjani, S., Widowati, W., Khiong, K., Suhendra, A., & Tjokropranoto, R. 2014. Antioxidant properties of garcinia mangostana l (mangosteen) rind. Procedia Chemistry, 13, 198-203.
Copyright (c) 2020 Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.