Knowledge and Attitude among Community Pharmacists regarding Pharmacovigilance – A Cross Sectional Survey
Keywords:
attitude, knowledge, pharmacist, pharmacovigilance, rural
Abstract
The adverse drug reaction reporting system or pharmacovigilance, as a part of post-marketing surveillance, is the responsibility of every country and national government. Therefore, optimization of knowledge and attitude regarding the system were very essential. This study aimed to examine the relationship between knowledge and attitude regarding pharmacovigilance among pharmacists working in public healthcare services in the rural area. This study was a cross-sectional analytical observational research involving 48 hospital and community pharmacists carried out from July to December 2021 at Bantul Regency, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Descriptive statistics and frequency distribution analysis were conducted to obtain an overview of knowledge and attitude regarding pharmacovigilance system, while chi-square examined the relationship between them. The results showed that 60.4% of participants had good knowledge, and 52.1% had a positive attitude regarding the system. It was also confirmed that there was a relationship between knowledge and attitude with a p-value of 0.045. Therefore, there was a relationship between knowledge and attitude regarding pharmacovigilance among pharmacists working in rural public healthcare. Based on the results of this study, it was highly recommended for healthcare practitioners, especially pharmacists, to learn and practice pharmacovigilance in their respective practice.
References
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Yawson, A. A., Abekah-Nkrumah, G., Okai, G. A., & Ofori, C. G. (2022). Awareness, knowledge, and attitude toward adverse drug reaction (ADR) reporting among healthcare professionals in Ghana. Therapeutic Advances in Drug Safety, 13, 204209862211164. https://doi.org/10.1177/20420986221116468
Zhang, L. (2018). Pharmacovigilance of herbal and traditional medicines. In A. Bate (Ed.), Evidence-Based Pharmacovigilance: Clinical and Quantitative Aspects (pp. 37–65). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-8818-1_3
Alshayban, D., Mahmoud, M. A., Islam, M. A., Alshammari, S., & Alsulaiman, D. (2020). Pharmacovigilance perception and knowledge among pharmacists and interns in Saudi Arabia. Risk Management and Healthcare Policy, 13, 55–61. https://doi.org/10.2147/RMHP.S241265
Aruru, M., Truong, H.-A., & Clark, S. (2021). Pharmacy Emergency Preparedness and Response (PEPR): A proposed framework for expanding pharmacy professionals’ roles and contributions to emergency preparedness and response during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond. Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy, 17(1), 1967–1977. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sapharm.2020.04.002
Beninger, P. (2018). Pharmacovigilance: An overview. Clinical Therapeutics, 40(12), 1991–2004. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinthera.2018.07.012
Bepari, A., Niazi, S. K., Rahman, I., & Dervesh, A. M. (2019). The comparative evaluation of knowledge, attitude, and practice of different health-care professionals about the pharmacovigilance system of India. Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology & Research, 10(2), 68–74. https://doi.org/10.4103/japtr.JAPTR_4_19
Edgar, T. W., & Manz, D. O. (2017). Chapter 4—Exploratory study. In T. W. Edgar & D. O. Manz (Eds.), Research Methods for Cyber Security (pp. 95–130). Syngress. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-805349-2.00004-2
Edrees, H., Song, W., Syrowatka, A., Simona, A., Amato, M. G., & Bates, D. W. (2022). Intelligent telehealth in pharmacovigilance: a future perspective. Drug Safety, 45(5), 449–458. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40264-022-01172-5
Green, C. F., Mottram, D. R., Rowe, P. H., & Pirmohamed, M. (2001). Attitudes and knowledge of hospital pharmacists to adverse drug reaction reporting. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 51(1), 81–86. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2125.2001.01306.x
Güner, M. D., & Ekmekci, P. E. (2019). Healthcare professionals’ pharmacovigilance knowledge and adverse drug reaction reporting behavior and factors determining the reporting rates. Journal of Drug Assessment, 8(1), 13–20. https://doi.org/10.1080/21556660.2019.1566137
Gupta, S. K., Nayak, R. P., Shivaranjani, R., & Vidyarthi, S. K. (2015). A questionnaire study on the knowledge, attitude, and the practice of pharmacovigilance among the healthcare professionals in a teaching hospital in South India. Perspectives in Clinical Research, 6(1), 45–52. https://doi.org/10.4103/2229-3485.148816
Halijah, H. (2019). Hubungan pengetahuan pharmacovigilance pada tenaga kesehatan dengan sikap pencegahan Adverse Drug Reactions (ADR): Studi observasional di Rumah Sakit Islam Sultan Agung Semarang. [Undergraduate, Universitas Islam Sultan Agung]. https://doi.org/10/BAB%20IV.pdf
Hashmi, F., Khan, S. M., Qureshi, S., Malik, U. R., Atif, N., & Saleem, F. (2020). Assessment of knowledge, attitude and practices of healthcare professionals towards adverse drug reactions monitoring and reporting: a cross-sectional study in Lahore, Pakistan. Modern Care Journal, 17(3), Article 3. https://doi.org/10.5812/modernc.104827
Hussain, R., Hassali, M. A., Hashmi, F., & Akram, T. (2021). Exploring healthcare professionals’ knowledge, attitude, and practices towards pharmacovigilance: A cross-sectional survey. Journal of Pharmaceutical Policy and Practice, 14(1), 5. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40545-020-00287-3
Liu, F., Jagannatha, A., & Yu, H. (2019). Towards drug safety surveillance and pharmacovigilance: current progress in detecting medication and adverse drug events from electronic health records. Drug Safety, 42(1), 95–97. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40264-018-0766-8
Maylani, R. T., Akrom, A., Hidayati, T., Wahyuni, Y. S., & Muhlis, M. (2021). The body mass index, blood glucose level and the quality of life of diabetes mellitus type 2 patients in primary health care: cross-sectional study. 4th International Conference on Sustainable Innovation 2020–Health Science and Nursing (ICoSIHSN 2020), 21–26.
Rachmawati, S., Amalia, A., & Rachmawati, E. (2022). IAI Special Edition: Regulatory compliance of skincare product advertisements on Instagram. Pharmacy Education, 22(2), 230–235. https://doi.org/10.46542/pe.2022.222.230235
Reddy, V., Pasha, S., Rathinavelu, M., & Reddy, Y. (2014). Assessment of knowledge, attitude and perception of pharmacovigilance and Adverse Drug Reaction (ADR) reporting among the pharmacy students in South India. IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences, 9, 34–43. https://doi.org/10.9790/3008-09233437
Terblanche, A., Meyer, J. C., Godman, B., & Summers, R. S. (2018). Impact of a pharmacist-driven pharmacovigilance system in a secondary hospital in the Gauteng Province of South Africa. Hospital Practice, 46(4), 221–228. https://doi.org/10.1080/21548331.2018.1510708
Thomas, D. (2018). Clinical pharmacy education, practice and research: Clinical pharmacy, drug information, pharmacovigilance, pharmacoeconomics and clinical research. Elsevier.
Venkatasubbaiah, M., Reddy, P. D., & Satyanarayana, S. V. (2021). Research article: Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices (KAP) of the Pharm.D interns towards adverse drug reaction (ADR) reporting and pharmacovigilance. Pharmacy Education, 21, 186–193. https://doi.org/10.46542/pe.2021.211.186193
Yakubu, R., Isa, A. M., Abubakar, I. J., Oreagba, I., & Awaisu, A. (2020). Chapter 38—Drug safety in Nigeria. In Y. Al-Worafi (Ed.), Drug Safety in Developing Countries (pp. 525–556). Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-819837-7.00038-8
Yawson, A. A., Abekah-Nkrumah, G., Okai, G. A., & Ofori, C. G. (2022). Awareness, knowledge, and attitude toward adverse drug reaction (ADR) reporting among healthcare professionals in Ghana. Therapeutic Advances in Drug Safety, 13, 204209862211164. https://doi.org/10.1177/20420986221116468
Zhang, L. (2018). Pharmacovigilance of herbal and traditional medicines. In A. Bate (Ed.), Evidence-Based Pharmacovigilance: Clinical and Quantitative Aspects (pp. 37–65). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-8818-1_3
Published
2023-12-15
How to Cite
Ghozali, M., & Murni, I. W. (2023). Knowledge and Attitude among Community Pharmacists regarding Pharmacovigilance – A Cross Sectional Survey. Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy, 34(4), 686-694. https://doi.org/10.22146/ijp.5814
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Research Article
