RURAL-URBAN LINKAGES, NON-FARM SECTORS AND FARMING PRACTICES IN YOGYAKARTA SPECIAL REGION (DIY)

R Rijanta

doi:10.22146/jp.11935

RURAL-URBAN LINKAGES, NON-FARM SECTORS AND FARMING PRACTICES IN YOGYAKARTA SPECIAL REGION (DIY)

https://doi.org/10.22146/jp.11935

R Rijanta^(1*)

(1) Gadjah Mada University
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract

Tulisan ini bertujuan menilai hubungan pertanian dan nonpertanian di tingkat rumah tangga di DIY, mengingat petani dengan lahan kecil mendominasi penguasaan lahan di perdesaan. Sampel rumah tangga dipilih secara random untuk mewakili empat tipe zona agro ekologikal di DIY dan mewakili perdesaan urban. Analisisnya menggunakan pengukuran statistik deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rumah tangga perdesaan yang mempunyai aktivitas terkait dengan nonpertanian cenderung memakai alat pertanian modern dan membayar buruh. Akan tetapi, beberapa petani pemilik lahan kecil di daerah perdesaan DIY yang tersisa terpaksa menggunakan pendapatan dari nonpertanian yang didapatnya dari daerah urban untuk meningkatkan hasil pertaniannya.

Keywords

rural-urban linkages, non-farm, farming, farming practices, yogyakarta

Full Text:

PDF

References

Anderson, Dennis and Mark Leiserson. 1980."Rural non-farm employment in developing countries", Economic Development and Cultural Change, 28(2).

Angeles-Reyez, Edna. 1994. "Non-farm work in the Philippine rural economy: an Omen of change or A change of Omens?" in Koppel, Bruce; John Hawkins And William James, (eds.), Development or Deterioration?: Work in Rural Asia. Boulder London: Lyne Riener Publishers.

Balassa, Bella. 1991. Economic Policies in the Pacific Area Developing Countries. London: Mac Milan.

Basant, Rakesh. 1994. "Economic diversification in rural areas: review of process with Special Reference to Gujarat", Economic and Political Weekly, 29(39).

Breman, Jan and Gunawan Wiradi. 2004. Masa Cerah dan Masa Suram di Pedesaan Jawa: Studi Kasus Dinamika Sosial Ekonomi di Dua Desa Menjelang Akhir Abad ke 20. Translated by Koesalah Soebagyo Toer and Monique Soesman. Jakarta: LP3ES.

Davis, Junior R and Dirk Bezemer. 2003. Key Emerging and Conceptual Issues in the Development of the RNFE in DevelopingCountries and Transition Economies. Greenwich: World Bank, DFID and Natural Resource Institute, University of Greenwich. Nri Report No. 2755.

Eapen, Mridul. 1999. Economic Diversification in Kerala: a Spatial Analysis. Thiruvanan- Thapuram: Centre for Development Studies.

Evans, Hugh Emrys and Peter Ngau, 1991. "Rural-urban relations, household income diversification and agricultural productivity", Development and Change, 22(..).

Geertz, Clifford. 1974. Involusi Pertanian: Proses Perubahan Ekologi di Indonesia. Terjemahan. Jakarta: Bhratara Karya Aksara.

Grabowski, Richard. 199S. "Commercialization, non-agricultural production, agricultural innovation and economic development",Journal of Developing Areas, 30(..).

Haggblade, S., Hazell, P. and Brown, J. 1989. "Farm-non-farm linkages in Sub-Saharan Africa", World Development, 17(8): 1173—1201.

Harriss, John. 1991. "Agricultural/non- agricultural linkages and the diversification of rural economic activity: a South Indian case study", in Breman Jan and Sudipto Mundle (Eds). Rural Transformation in Asia. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Hart, Gilian. 1986. Power, Labour, and Livelihood: Process of Change in Rural Java. Berkeley: University Of California Press.

Hartman, Joerg. 198S. Landlessness and Rural Employment in Indonesia. Rome: FAO.

Ho, Samuel P. 1979. "Decentralized industrialization and rural development: evidence from Taiwan", Economic Development and Cultural Change, (28).

-----------. 1982. "Economic development and rural industry in South Korea and Taiwan", World Development, 10(11).

------------. 2004. "Reorienting rural livelihoods on Java: the case of Bantul revisited", in R. Rijanta et al. (eds.), Proceeding of National Seminar on Rural Geography, Liber Amoricum For Prof. Dr. A.J. Suhardjo, M.A. Yogyakarta: Fakultas Geografi UGM.

Huisman, Henk and Marieke Kragten. 1994. "Rural diversification under varying geographical conditions: an exploratory survey of four clusters of small scale industry in Bantul district, Special Region of Yogyakarta", Indonesian Journal of Geography, 27(70).

Huisman, H., and Kragten, M.H. 1997. "Development of the rural non-farm economy on Java: a search for roots and determinative factors", The Indonesian Journal of Geography, 29(74).

Islam, Rizwanul. 1984. "Non-farm employment in rural Asia: dynamic growth or proletarianization?", Journal of Contemporary Asia, 14(3).

Jones, Gavin W. 1984. "Links between urbanization and sectoral shifts in employment in Java", Bulletin of the Indonesian Economic Studies, 20(3): 120- 157.

Kada, Ryohei. 1987. "Changing rural employment patterns: role of off-farm employment for balanced rural development", in Maunder, Alien and Okhawa, Kazishi, (eds). 1982. Growth and Equity in Agricultural Development.Proceedings Eighteenth International Conference of Agricultural Economists. Jakarta, 24th August-2nd September.

Koppel, Bruce. 1991. "The rural-urban dichotomy re-examined: beyond the ersatz debate?" in Ginsburg, Norton, Bruce Koppel and TG. McGee, The Extended Metropolis: Settlement Transition in Asia. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.

Long, Norman. 1984. Family Works in Rural Societies: Perspectives of Non-Wage Labour. London and New York: Tavistock Publications.

Manning, Chris. 1988. "Rural employment creation in Java: lessons from green revolution and oil boom", Population and Development Review, 14(1): 47-80.

Maurer, Jean-Luc. 1991. "Beyond the sawah: economic diversification in four Bantul villages, 1972-1987", in Alexander, Paul, Peter Boomgard and Benjamin White, (eds), In The Shadow of Agriculture: Non- farm Activities in Javanese Economy, Past and Present. Amsterdam: Royal Tropical Institute. pp. 92-112.

Mellor, John. 1976. The New Economics of Growth: A Strategy for India and Developing World. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.

------------. 198S. "Determinants of rural poverty: the dynamics of production, technology, and price", in John Mellor and Gunvant M. Desai, (eds.), Agricultural Change and Rural Poverty. Baltimore and London: The John Hopkins. Oshima, Harry T. 1984. The Significance of Off- Farm Employment and Incomes in Post-War East Asian Growth. Manila: ADB.

-------------. 1987. Economic Growth in Monsoon Asia: A Comparative Study. Tokyo: Tokyo University Press.

Poaposangkorn, Nippon. 1994. "Transformation in the Thai rural labour market", in Koppel, Bruce, John Hawkins and William James, (eds.), Development or Deterioration?: Work in Rural Asia. Boulder& London: Lyne Riener Publishers.

Ranis, Gustav and Francess Stewart. 1993. "Rural non-farm activities in development", Journal of Development Economics, 40(..).

Rijanta, R. and A. J. Suhardjo. 2003. "Defining rural diversification in a small-farming region: the case of Yogyakarta Special Region", The Indonesian Journal of Geography, 35(2).

Rotge, Vincent L. 1992. "Rural employment shift in the context of growing rural-urban linkages: trends and prospects for DIY". Paper Presented at The International Conference on Geography in the ASEAN Region. Faculty of Geography, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, 31 August-3 September.

-----------. 1993. Rural-Urban Linkages in Perspective: Implications for Regional Development Patterns and Employment Expansion in Hinterland Communities. Yogyakarta: Faculty of Geography, Gadjah Mada University.

Rotge, Vincent L. Ida Bagoes Mantra, and Rijanta, R. 1995. Rural-Urban Integration in Java: Consequences for Regional Development and Employment. Nagoya: United Nations Centre for Regional Development. Report Series No. 6.

-------------. 2000. Rural-Urban Integration in Java: Consequences for Regional Development and Employment. London: Ashgate Publishers.

Shand, R. T. (ed). 1986. Off-farm Employment in the Development of Rural Asia. Canberra: ANU.

Svensson, Thomy. 1991. "Contractions and expansions: agrarian change in Java Since 1830", in Morner, Magnus and Thomy Svensson, (eds), The Transformation of Rural Society in the Third World. London and New York: Routledge.

Titus, Milan, Allet van der Wouden and Marieke Kragten. 1994. "Exploring regional aspects of rural development and rural diversification in Java", in Harts Broekhuis and Otto Verkoren, (eds), No Easy Way Out: Essays on Third World Development in Honor of Jan Hinderink. Utrecht: NGS.

UNDP. 2001. Human Development Report: Indonesia. Jakarta: UNDP Indonesia. Available at WWW.UNDP.ORG. Accessed in June 2003.

White, Benjamin. 1976. "Population, involution and employment", Development and Change. (7).

-------------. 1979. "Political aspects of poverty, income distribution and their measurements: some examples from rural Java", Development and Change, 10(..).

-------------. 1986. Rural Non-Farm Employment in Java: Recent Developments, Policy Issues and Research Needs. The Hague: ISS Advisory Service.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jp.11935