Struggle to Gain Representation: Mixed Politics in Democratising Indonesia

https://doi.org/10.22146/pcd.25723

Pratikno Pratikno(1*), Nanang Indra Kurniawan(2)

(1) Universitas Gadjah Mada
(2) Universitas Gadjah Mada
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


Democratisation in post-Suharto Indonesia has significantly improved political participation, lifting expectation of bringing better political representation. However, various studies prove that such representation is unable to be immediately achieved since the existing democratic institutions remain dominated by oligarchic groups. The societal struggle to gain representation, therefore, is increasingly becoming a critical issue in contemporary Indonesian politics. This article discusses the dynamics of such struggle through the strategy that we have developed and called 'mixed politics'. This refers to the blurring of borders between civil and political society, as well as formal and informal institutions.

Full Text:

PDF


References

Aspinall, Edward and Marcus Mietzner (eds.) (2010) Problems of Democratization in Indonesia: Ellections, Institutions and Society, Singapore: ISEAS.

Budiman, Arief, (ed.) (1990) State and Civil Society in Indonesia, Melbourne: Monash University.

Chadwick, Rachael (2006) Quality of Democracy in Indonesia and Russia: A path-shaping Analysis of Two Forth Wave Democracies, Department of Asian Studies, The University of Sydney, Thesis.

Devas, Nick (2005) ‘The challenges of decentralization’, Global Forum on Fighting Corruption, Brasília, June 2005.

Douglas, Webber (2006) ‘A consolidated patrimonial democracy? Democratization in post-Suharto Indonesia’, Democratization, Vol. 13, Issue 3, June.

Eldridge, Philip (1989) ‘NGOs and the state in Indonesia’, Prisma No. 47.

Freedman, Amy L (2007) ‘Consolidation or withering away of democracy? Political changes in Thailand and Indonesia’, Asian Affairs: An American Review, Winter. Vol. 33.

Hamid, Abdul (2006) ‘Jawara dan penguasaan politik di Banten’, In Okamoto Masaaki and Abdur Rozaki (eds.), Kelompok kekerasan dan bos lokal di era reformasi, Yogyakarta: IRE Press, pp. 37-54

Iswari, Paramita (2010) Going Politics or Going Conflicts: Studi Tentang Keterlibatan Gerakan Pancur Kasih dalam Politik Lokal, Master Thesis, Department of Politics and Government, Universitas Gadjah Mada.

Jackson, Karl D. (1978) ‘Bureaucratic Polity. A Theoretical Framework for the Analysis of Power and Communication in Indonesia’, In Karl D. Jackson and Lucian Pye (eds.), Political Power and Communication in Indonesia, University of California Press, pp. 3-22.

Kamajaya, Riza (2007) Gerakan Sosial Petani Batang, Undergraduate Thesis, Department of Politics and Government, Universitas Gadjah Mada.

Klinken, Gerry van (2001) Indonesia’s new ethnic elites. Retrieved from www.knaw.nl/indonesia/transition/workshop/ chapter4vanklinken.pdf, on August 3rd, 2008.

Klinken, Gerry van (2009) ‘Patronage democracy in provincial Indonesia’, In Olle Tornquist, Kristian Stokke, Neil Webster (eds.), Rethinking popular representation. Governance, security and development Basingstoke: Palgrave MacMillan, pp 141-159.

Luna, Juan P. and Elizabeth J. Zechmeister (2005) ‘Political representation in Latin America, a study of elite-mass congruence in nine countries,’ Comparative Political Studies, Vol. 38, No. 4, May.

MacIntyre, Andrew, (1994) ‘Organising Interests: Corporatism in Indonesian Politics. Working paper No. 43, Murdoch University, Australia.

Malley, Michael (2003) ‘New Rules, Old Structures and the Limits of Democratic Decentralization,’ In Edward Aspinall and Greg Fealy (eds.), Local Power and Politics in Indonesia, Decentralization and Democratization, Singapore: ISEAS.

Masoed, Mohtar. (1989) Ekonomi dan struktur politik Orde Baru 1966-1971, Jakarta: LP3ES.

Nordholt, Henk Schulte (2003) ‘Renegotiating Boundaries: Access, Agency and Identity in Post-Soeharto Indonesia’, 2003, retrieved 15th October 2008, 9.50 am from http://www. Kitlv-journals.nl/files/pdf/art_BKI_1780.pdf

Nordholt, Henk Schulte (2004) ‘Decentralization in Indonesia: Less State More Democracy?’, In John Harris, Kristian Stokke, Olle Tornquist (eds.), Politicising Democracy, the New Local Politics of Democratization, London: Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 29-50.

Pratikno (2009) ‘Political parties in pilkada. Some problems for democratic consolidation,’ In Maribeth Erb and Priyambudi Sulistiyanto (eds.), Deepening Democracy in Indonesia. Direct Elections for Local Leaders (Pilkada), Singapore: ISEAS, pp.53-73.

Pratikno (2009a) ‘Unsatisfactory Outcomes After Eight Years of Political Reform in Indonesia,’ In Takashi Inoguchi (ed.), Human Beliefs and Values in East and Southeast Asia in Transition, Japan: Akashi Shoten, pp. 249-262.

Reeve, David (1990) ‘The Corporatist State: The Case of Golkar’, in Arief Budiman (ed.), State and Civil Society in Indonesia, Melbourne: Monash University.

Robison, Richard and Vedi Hadiz (2004) Reorganizing Power in Indonesia. The Politics of Oligarchy in an Age of Markets, London: Routledge Curzon.

Samadhi, Willy Purna and Nicolaas Warouw (eds.) (2009) Building democracy on the sand: advances and setbacks in Indonesia, Jakarta and Yogyakarta: Demos and PCD Press.

Shadlen, Kenneth C. (2004) Democratization without representation the politics of small industry in Mexico, Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania State University Press.



DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/pcd.25723

Article Metrics

Abstract views : 2284 | views : 1720

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2017 Power, Conflict and Democracy Journal

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

web analytics View My Stats

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

       

 

 

                                © Faculty of Social and Political Sciences Gadjah Mada University Jl. Sosio-Yustisia Bulaksumur Yogyakarta 55281
                                                     Telp (0274) 563362 Ext. 150; +62 811 2515 863 - email: pcd@ugm.ac.id