Penatalaksanaan noma pada pasien limfoma non hodgkin

https://doi.org/10.22146/mkgk.60123

Ummi Pratiwi(1*), Tenny Setiany Dewi(2)

(1) Program Pendidikan Dokter Gigi Spesialis Penyakit Mulut, Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Jawa Barat
(2) Departemen Ilmu Penyakit Mulut, Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Jawa Barat
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


Noma merupakan infeksi oportunis polimikroba yang progresif dan destruktif pada jaringan lunak dan keras orofasial yang dapat menyebabkan gangren orofasial, sepsis, deformitas fasial, hingga kematian. Tujuan studi kasus adalah untuk memaparkan penatalaksanaan noma pada pasien limfoma non Hodgkin. Pasien laki-laki berusia 18 tahun dirujuk dari bagian Ilmu Penyakit Dalam dengan diagnosis Limfoma non Hodgkins (relaps), malnutrisi terkait kanker, dan sepsis.
Keluhan pasien meliputi bengkak di bibir atas dan bawah, luka di sudut bibir, serta tidak bisa makan. Keadaan umum  pasien malaise disertai peningkatan respirasi. Ekstraoral ditemukan limfadenopati submandibula, edema, ulserasi, pewarnaan hitam keabu-abuan, dan krusta pada labium superius oris dan inferius oris hingga ke regio perioral dan filtrum. Intraoral ditemukan halitosis, edema pada seluruh margin gingiva dan papila interdental rahang atas dan bawah. Hematologi menunjukkan peningkatan laju enap darah, penurunan kadar hemoglobin, hematokrit, eritrosit, dan trombosit. Pada kultur bakteri ditemukan Pseudomonas aeruginosa dan Klebsiella pneumonia, serta uji sensitivitas antibiotik menunjukkan resistensi multi obat. Lesi bibir didiagnosis sebagai noma. Diberikan terapi nutrisi, rehidrasi, antibiotik lokal dan sistemik spektrum luas, dan obat kumur antiseptik. Pasien mengalami pemulihan lesi disertai defek bibir setelah 3 bulan perawatan bersama multidisiplin terkait dan direncanakan akan dilakukan bedah rekonstruksi bibir. Imunokompromi akibat Limfoma non Hodgkin yang relaps dan komplikasi oral kemoterapi, malnutrisi, serta oral hygiene buruk dapat dipertimbangkan sebagai predisposisi utama terhadap perkembangan noma pada pasien dalam laporan
kasus ini. Deteksi dini dan akurat dari noma merupakan hal esensial sehingga penatalaksanaan yang tepat dapat dicapai dengan baik melalui kerja sama multidisiplin terkait.

Keywords


imunokompromi; limfoma non-hodgkin; noma

Full Text:

PDF


References

Ashok N, Tarakji B, Darwish S, Rodrigues JC, Altamimi MA. A Review on noma: a recent update. Global Journal of Health Science. 2016; 8(4): 53-59. doi: 10.5539/gjhs.v8n4p53.

Auluck A, Pai KM. Noma: life cycle of devastating sore – case report and literature review. JCDA. 2005; 71(10): 757-757e.

Zitvogel L, Apetoh L, Ghiringhelli F, Kroemer G. Immunological aspects of cancer chemotherapy. Nat Rev Immunol. 2008; 8: 5973.

Enwonwu CO, Falkler WA, Idigbe EO. Oro-facial gangrene (noma/cancrum oris): pathogenetic mechanisms. Crit Rev Oral Biol Med. 2000; 11(2): 159-171.

Bendl BJ, Padmos A, Harder EJ, McArthur PD. Noma: report of three adult cases. Aust J Derm. 1983; 24: 115-121.

Sergio P, Santos S, Bigelli N, Neri D, Chiattone C. Noma-like lesion in a patient with acute promyelocytic leukemia. Rev Bras Hematol Hemoter. 2011; 33(4): 315-322.

Baratti-Mayer D, Pittet B, Montandon D, Bolivar I, Bornand J-E, Hugonnet S, dkk. Noma: an “infectious: disease of unknown aetiology. Lancet Infectious Diseases. 2003; 3: 419-431.

Pedro K, Smit Da, Morkel JA. Cancrum oris (noma) in an hiv-positive adult: a case report and literature review. SADJ. 2016; 71(6): 248252.

Rokkjaer MS, Klug TE. Noma (Cancrum Oris) in the Western World. Ann Otolaryngol Rhinol. 2015; 2(9): 1059.

Chaveli-Lopez B. Oral toxicity produced by chemotherapy. J Clin Exp Dent. 2014; 6(1): e81-90.

Kvolik S, Jukic M, Matijevic M, Marjanovic K, Glavas-Obrovac L. An overview of coagulation disorders in cancer patients. Surgical Oncology. 2010; 19: e33-e46.

Kaplan AP. Angioedema. WAO journal. 2008; 103-113.

Sanchez-Borges M, Caballero-Fonseca F, Capriles-Hulett A, Gonzalez-Aveledo L. Hypersensitivity reactions to nonsteroidal

anti-inflammatory drugs: an update. Pharmaceuticals. 2010; 3: 10-18.

Bluth MH. IgE and Chemotherapy. Cancer Immunol Immunother. 2012; 61: 1585-1590.

Brigden ML. Clinical utility of the erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Am Fam Physician. 1999; 60(5): 1443-1450.

Nicolaides C, Dimou S, Pavlidis N. Prognostic factors in aggressive non-hodgkin’s lymphoma. The Oncologist. 1998; 3: 189-197.

Santarpia L, Contaldo F, Pasanisi F. Nutritional screening and early treatment of malnutrition in cancer patients. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2011; 2: 27-35.

Tonna JE, Lewin MR, Mensh B. A Case and review of noma. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases. 2010; 4(12): e869.

Nathwani D, Raman G, Sulham K, Gavaghan M, Menon V. Clinical and economic consequences of hospital-acquired resistant and multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection. 2014; 3: 32.

Cardoso T, Almeida M, Carratala J, Aragao I, Costa-Pereira A, Sarmento AE, dkk. Microbiology of healthcare-associated

infections and the definition accuracy to predict infection by potentially drug resistant pathogens: a systematic review. BMC Infectious Disease. 2015; 15: 565.

Dobbs TE, Guh AY, Oakes P, Vince MJ, Forbi JC, Jensen B, dkk. Outbreak of P. aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae bloodstream infections at an outpatient chemotherapy

center. American Journal of Infection Control. 2014; 42: 731-734.

Kramer A, Schwebke I, Kampf G. How long do nosocomial pathogens persist on inanimate surfaces? a systematic review. BMC Infectious Diseases. 2006; 6: 130.

Enwonwu CO. Ruminations on the causation of noma. Stomatologie. 2007; 104(1): 43-48.

Krishnamurthy A, Vaidhyanathan A, Srinivas S, Sundersingh S, Krishnarathinam. Cancrum Oris-associated with acute myeloid leukemia: a forgotten disease. International Journal of Head and Neck Surgery. 2010; 1(3): 167-169.

Barasch A, Gordon S, Geist RY, Geist JR. Necrotizing stomatitis: report of 3 pseudomonas aeruginosa – positive patients. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Radiol Endod.

; 96: 136-140.

Suenaga H, Saijo H, Chikazu D, Fujihara H, Sugiyama M, Ohkubo K, dkk. Necrotising ulcerative stomatitis in a neutropenic patient with malignant lymphoma. Asian J Oral

Maxillofac Surg. 2008; 20: 196-200.

Pinheiro ALB, de Freitas AC. A Rare case of lip ulcer infected by klebsiella pneumoniae: case report. Braz Dent J. 2000; 11(2): 161-165.



DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/mkgk.60123

Article Metrics

Abstract views : 4275 | views : 7373

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.




Copyright (c) 2020 MKGK (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi Klinik) (Clinical Dental Journal) UGM

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Currently, Majalah Kedokteran Gigi Klinik indexed by:


View my stats

site
stats