Kajian Kualitas Lingkungan Permukiman di Daerah Pinggiran Kota Kasus di Desa Ngestiharjo, Yogyakarta

Abstract

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini mengkaji kualitas lingkungan permukiman di daerah pinggiran kota khususnya di Desa Nges-tiharjo, Kecamatan Kasihan, Kabupaten Bantul. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah (1) mengkaji sebaran kualitas lingkungan permukiman di Desa Ngestiharjo, (2) mengkaji kondisi sosial ekonomi penduduk di Desa Ngestiharjo, (3) mengkaji hubungan partisipasi penduduk dengan kualitas lingkungan permukiman, dan (4) mengkaji faktor sosial ekonomi, biotik dan abiotik yang berpengaruh terhadap kualitas lingkungan permukiman di Desa Ngestiharjo.Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini metode penelitian terkait dengan eksistensi populasi adalah metode penelitian sampling, terkait dengan karakteristik obyek penelitian adalah metode survei deskriptif kualitatif, dan terkait dengan cara analisis adalah pendekatan kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Teknik sampling yang digunakan adalah teknik proporsional random sampling. Responden penelitian ini adalah kepala keluarga yang dipilih acak berdasarkan strata dan propor-sional. Teknik analisis data dengan menggunakan skoring dan pembobotan, uji korelasi Spearman, uji regresi ganda dan analisis deskriptif kualitatif dengan menggunakan tabel silang.Hasil penelitian ini adalah (1) pola sebaran kualitas lingkungan permukiman di Desa Ngestiharjo disebabkan karena adanya perbedaan keteraturan bangunan dan per-bedaan kualitas lingkungan rumah; (2) tingkat pendapatan kepala keluarga mempunyai hubungan yang lemah terha-dap kualitas lingkungan permukiman dengan nilai koefisien korelasi 0,270. Hubungan yang lemah tersebut disebabkan kondisi lingkungan permukiman dan kondisi rumah yang baik tidak seluruhnya merupakan hasil investasi pendapatan si kepala keluarga tetapi merupakan hasil warisan dari orang tua si kepala keluarga; (3) tingkat partisipasi kepala kel-uarga mempunyai hubungan negatif dan lemah terhadap kualitas lingkungan permukiman. Nilai koefisien korelasin-ya adalah sebesar -0,207. Kegiatan pengelolaan lingkungan permukiman di Desa Ngestiharjo tidak memperbaiki fak-tor-faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap kualitas lingkungan permukiman; (4) faktor sosial-ekonomi, biotik, dan abiotik yang berpengaruh terhadap kualitas lingkungan permukiman di Desa Ngestiharjo adalah keteraturan bangunan (t = 3,637), tahun sukses pendidikan kepala keluarga (t=3,155), tingkat pendapatan ( t = 2,598), dan persentase vegetasi (t = 1,760).

ABSTRACT This research was conducted to study the quality of settlement environment in urban periphery with Desa Ngesti-harjo, Kecamatan Kasihan, Kabupaten Bantul as locus of study. The objectives of this research were (1) to analyze the dis-tribution of environmental quality of the settlements in Desa Ngestiharjo; (2) to analyze the socioeconomic condition of the residents of Desa Ngestiharjo; (3) to analyze the relation between the community participation and environmental quality of the settlements and (4) to analyze the socioeconomic, abiotic, and biotic factors contributing to the enviromental quality of the settlements in Desa Ngestiharjo.The method used in this research that : (1) associates with population is sampling method; (2) associates with objects characteristic is qualitative descriptive survei, and (3) associates with data analysis is the quantitative and qualitative method. Proporsional random sampling employed in this research. The respondents were heads of the household which were stratified and proportionally selected. The data were then analyzed using scoring and weighting, Spearman correlation, multiple liniear regression,and qualitative decriptive analysis using crosstab methods.The results of this research were (1) The distribution of the environmental quality of the settlements was found as result of the differences in building regularity and housing environmental quality; (2) The heads of household had a weak correlation with the quality of settlements, as indicated by the correlation coefficient of 0,270. The weak correlation stemmed from the fact that the good environmental quality of the settlement and the housing were not complete results of the income of the head of households, but was inherited from the predecessors; (3) The heads of household particiption was found to be negatively affected the enviromental quality of the settlements, indicated by the coefficient correlation of -0,207. The management of settlements environment did not improve the factors contributing to the environment quality of settlements; (4) Socioeconomic, abiotic, and biotic factors contributing to environment quality were housing regularity (t = 3,637, educational level of the heads of the households indicated by the years spent in educational institutions (t=3,155), level of income (t = 2,598), and percenta-tion of vegetation coverage (t=1,760).