Indonesian Uncertainty on Tourism Components in the New Normal Period and the Ability to Travel Soon

https://doi.org/10.22146/jh.66879

Imam Nur Hakim(1*), Chamma Fitri Putri Pradjwalita Koesfardani(2), I Dewa Gede Richard Alan Amory(3)

(1) Ministry of Tourism and Creative Economy/Tourism and Creative Economy Agency
(2) Ministry of Tourism and Creative Economy/Tourism and Creative Economy Agency
(3) Ministry of Tourism and Creative Economy/Tourism and Creative Economy Agency
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


When the COVID-19 pandemic hit Indonesia, one of the most-impacted industries was its tourism sector. After the government developed various transmission prevention policies, a press release from the Indonesian president in May 2020 established the new normal terms. These new terms sought to allow Indonesians to return to travel as soon as possible with several protocols in place. However, the post-pandemic situation has made some Indonesians feel an intolerance towards the uncertainty of changes in the tourism component. Through a descriptive quantitative approach using the theory of Intolerance of Uncertainty (IU), this study aimed to determine what Indonesians feel about uncertainty, how they feel about it, and how to reduce these feelings in Camilleri’s five components of tourism. The results showed that Indonesians feel uncertainty in every component of tourist destinations, with accommodation being the most significant factor, followed by financial, protocol readiness, and health factors, particularly the threat of contracting the virus and the number of cases. Therefore, appropriate handling to eliminate the number of affected cases and the uncertainty of crowds in the destination can significantly contribute to creating the ideal situation awaited by most Indonesians before they decide to return to travel.


Keywords


COVID-19; descriptive quantitative; intolerant of uncertainty; new normal; tourism components

Full Text:

PDF


References

Altig, D., Baker, S., Barrero, J. M., Bloom, N., Bunn, P., Chen, S., Davis, S. J., Leather, J., Meyer, B., Mihaylov, E., Mizen, P., Parker, N., Renault, T., Smietanka, P., & Thwaites, G. (2020). Economic uncertainty before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Public Economics, 191, 104274. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2020.104274

Behar, E., DiMarco, I. D., Hekler, E. B., Mohlman, J., & Staples, A. M. (2009). Current theoretical models of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD): Conceptual review and treatment implications. In Journal of Anxiety Disorders. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2009.07.006

Berenbaum, H., Bredemeier, K., & Thompson, R. J. (2008). Intolerance of uncertainty: Exploring its dimensionality and associations with need for cognitive closure, psychopathology, and personality. Journal of Anxiety Disorders. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2007.01.004

Bhat, B. A., Khan, S., Manzoor, S., Niyaz, A., Tak, H. J., Anees, S.-U.-M., Gull, S., & Ahmad, I. (2020). A Study on Impact of COVID-19 Lockdown on Psychological Health, Economy and Social Life of People in Kashmir. In International Journal of Science and Healthcare Research (www.ijshr.com).

Bratić, M., Radivojević, A., Stojiljković, N., Simović, O., Juvan, E., Lesjak, M., & Podovšovnik, E. (2021). Should I Stay or Should I Go? Tourists’ COVID-19 Risk Perception and Vacation Behavior Shift. Sustainability, 13(6), 3573. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13063573

Camilleri, M. A. (2018). Travel marketing, tourism economics and the airline product. In The Tourism Industry. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-49849-2

del Valle, M., Andrés, M. L., Urquijo, S., Yerro, M., López Morales, H., & Canet Juric, L. (2020). Intolerance of uncertainty over COVID-19 pandemic and its effect on anxiety and depressive symptoms. Revista Interamericana de Psicologia/Interamerican Journal of Psychology, 54, e1335. https://doi.org/10.30849/ripijp.v54i2.1335

Lubis, L. N. (2016). Depresi tinjauan psikologis. Kencana.

Gao, J., Zheng, P., Jia, Y., Chen, H., Mao, Y., Chen, S., Wang, Y., Fu, H., & Dai, J. (2020). Mental health problems and social media exposure during COVID-19 outbreak. PLoS ONE. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0231924

Gentes, E. L., & Ruscio, A. M. (2011). A meta-analysis of the relation of intolerance of uncertainty to symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder, major depressive disorder, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. In Clinical Psychology Review. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2011.05.001

Glowacz, F., & Schmits, E. (2020). Psychological distress during the COVID-19 lockdown: The young adults most at risk. Psychiatry Research, 293, 113486. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113486

Hebert, E. A., & Dugas, M. J. (2019). Behavioral Experiments for Intolerance of Uncertainty: Challenging the Unknown in the Treatment of Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 26(2), 421–436. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpra.2018.07.007

Herdiana, D. (2020). Rekomendasi Kebijakan Pemulihan Pariwisata Pasca Wabah Corona Virus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) di Kota Bandung. JURNAL MASTER PARIWISATA, Volume 07, Nomor 01, Juli 2020, 1–30. https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/jumpa/article/view/61553/35445

Jian, Y., Yu, I. Y., Yang, M. X., & Zeng, K. J. (2020). The Impacts of Fear and Uncertainty of COVID-19 on Environmental Concerns, Brand Trust, and Behavioral Intentions toward Green Hotels. In Sustainability (Vol. 12, Issue 20). https://doi.org/10.3390/su12208688

Kaligis, F., Indraswari, M. T., & Ismail, R. I. (2020). Stress during COVID-19 pandemic: Mental health condition in Indonesia. Medical Journal of Indonesia, 29(4), 436–441. https://doi.org/10.13181/mji.bc.204640

Kaplan, H. I., Sadock, B. J., & Grebb, J. A. (2010). Sinopsis psikiatri: Ilmu pengetahuan perilaku psikiatri klinis. Dr. I. Made Wiguna S. Jakarta: Bina Rupa Aksara.

Karataş, Z., & Tagay, Ö. (2021). The relationships between resilience of the adults affected by the covid pandemic in Turkey and Covid-19 fear, meaning in life, life satisfaction, intolerance of uncertainty and hope. Personality and Individual Differences, 172, 110592. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2020.110592

Karl, M. (2018). Risk and Uncertainty in Travel Decision-Making: Tourist and Destination Perspective. Journal of Travel Research, 57, 129–146. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287516678337

Kusnadi, I. H., Suparman, A., & Mariene, I. (2020). Budaya Organisasi Dalam Pelayanan Wisatawan Menghadapi Adaptasi Kebiasaan Baru (AKB) Pada Pt. Sari Ater Hotel & Resort. The World of Business Administration Journal, Volume 2 Issue 1 Juni 2020. https://doi.org/10.37950/wbaj.v2i1.912

Lee, S. A. (2020). Coronavirus Anxiety Scale: A brief mental health screener for COVID-19 related anxiety. Death Studies, 44(7), 393–401. https://doi.org/10.1080/07481187.2020.1748481

Lee, T. H., & Tseng, C. H. (2015). How personality and risk-taking attitude affect the behavior of adventure recreationists. Tourism Geographies, 17(3), 307–331. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616688.2014.1000955

Masbiran, V. U. K. (2020). Dampak Pandemi Covid-19 Terhadap Pariwisata Sumatera Barat. Jurnal Pembangunan Nagari; Vol 5 No 2 (2020)DO - 10.30559/Jpn.V5i2.212. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.30559/jpn.v5i2.212

Middleton., V. T. C., Fyall, A., & Clarke, jackie R. (2002). Marketing in Travel and Tourism. (3rd ed., Vol. 3). Butterworth-Heinemann; 3rd edition.

Ministry of Health of Republic of Indonesia. (2020). Decree Of The Health Minister, HK.01.07/MENKES/382/2020, About Protocol For Community Health In Place And Public Facilities In The Order Of Prevention And Control Of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (Covid-19).

Nevid, J. ., Spencer .A, R., & Beverly, G. (2014). Abnormal Psychology In Changing World. In Pearson.

Ng, K. H., Agius, M., & Zaman, R. (2013). The global economic crisis: Effects on mental health and what can be done. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, 106(6), 211–214. https://doi.org/10.1177/0141076813481770

Ni, R., Sri, M., Dewi, P., Tinggi, S., & Bogor, P. (2020). New Normal bagi Pariwisata Bali di Masa Pandemi COVID 19. Jurnal Ilmiah Pariwisata Agama Dan Budaya.

Odriozola González, P., Planchuelo Gómez, Á., Irurtia, M. J., & de Luis-García, R. (2020). Psychological effects of the COVID-19 outbreak and lockdown among students and workers of a Spanish university. Psychiatry Research. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113108

Overholser, J. C., & Nasser, E. H. (2000). Cognitive-Behavioral Treatment of Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy, 30(2), 149–161. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1026514712357

Quintal, V. A., Lee, J. A., & Soutar, G. N. (2010). Risk, uncertainty and the theory of planned behavior: A tourism example. Tourism Management, 31(6), 797–805. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2009.08.006

Rajkumar, R. P. (2020). COVID-19 and mental health: A review of the existing literature. Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 52, 102066. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102066

Rettie, H., & Daniels, J. (2020). Coping and tolerance of uncertainty: Predictors and mediators of mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic. American Psychologist. https://doi.org/10.1037/amp0000710

Santos, A., Madrid, C., Haegeman, K., & Rainoldi, A. (2020). Behavioural changes in tourism in times of COVID-19 Employment scenarios and policy options. https://doi.org/10.2760/00411

Simanjuntak Rina, D. F. (2020). Gegar Budaya, Adaptasi, dan Konsep Diri Sumber Daya Manusia Pariwisata dalam Menyongsong Era New Normal. Society, Vol 8 No 2 (2020): Society, 403–418. https://society.fisip.ubb.ac.id/index.php/society/article/view/200/169

Smith, B. M., Twohy, A. J., & Smith, G. S. (2020). Psychological inflexibility and intolerance of uncertainty moderate the relationship between social isolation and mental health outcomes during COVID-19. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 18, 162–174. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcbs.2020.09.005

Soehardi Diah Ayu; Sihite, Janfry, S. P. (2020). Pengaruh Pandemik Covid-19 Terhadap Pendapatan Tempat Wisata dan Kinerja Karyawan Pariwisata di Jakarta. Jurnal Kajian Ilmiah, Vol. 1 No. 1 (2020): Edisi Khusus Tema: Covid-19, 1–14. http://ejurnal.ubharajaya.ac.id/index.php/JKI/article/view/216/222

Sugihamretha, I. D. G. (2020). Respon Kebijakan: Mitigasi Dampak Wabah Covid-19 Pada Sektor Pariwisata. The Indonesian Journal of Development Planning, Vol. 4 No. 2 (2020): Edisi Khusus Covid-19-Juni 2020, 191–206. https://journal.bappenas.go.id/index.php/jpp/article/view/113

Sundari, S. (2004). Kearah Memahami Kesehatan Mental.

Suwena, I. K., & Widyatmaja, I. G. N. (2017). Pengetahuan Dasar Ilmu Pariwisata. In Pustka Larasan.

Tony, S. U., & Jacky, Y. S. (2020). The Impacts of Financial and Non-Financial Crises on Tourism: Evidence From Macao and Hong Kong. Tourism Management Perspectives, 33(May 2019), 100628. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2019.100628

Torales, J., O’Higgins, M., Castaldelli-Maia, J. M., & Ventriglio, A. (2020). The outbreak of COVID-19 coronavirus and its impact on global mental health. In International Journal of Social Psychiatry. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020764020915212

Wallakula, Y. B. (2020). Analisis Eksistensi Pariwisata Indonesia di Tengah Situasi Pandemi Corona Virus Disease ( Covid19 ). Ilmu Sosial Keagamaan.

Wheaton, M. G., Messner, G. R., & Marks, J. B. (2021). Intolerance of uncertainty as a factor linking obsessive-compulsive symptoms, health anxiety and concerns about the spread of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) in the United States. Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders, 28, 100605. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jocrd.2020.100605

Widodo, J. (2020, May). Pemerintah Ingin Masyarakat Produktif dan Aman dari Covid-19. https://www.presidenri.go.id/siaran-pers/presiden-jokowi-pemerintah-ingin-masyarakat-produktif-dan-aman-dari-covid-19/

Williams, A. M., & Baláž, V. (2015). Tourism Risk and Uncertainty. Journal of Travel Research, 54(3), 271–287. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287514523334

Xiong, J., Lipsitz, O., Nasri, F., Lui, L. M. W., Gill, H., & Phan, L. (2020). Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID- 19 . The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect , the company ’ s public news and information. Elsevier Connect, January. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.08.001

Yoety, O. A. (2016). Perencanaan dan pengembangan pariwisata. Pradnya Paramita.

Zhang, K., Hou, Y., & Li, G. (2020). Threat of infectious disease during an outbreak: Influence on tourists’ emotional responses to disadvantaged price inequality. Annals of Tourism Research, 84, 102993. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2020.102993

Zhuo, L., Wu, Q., Le, H., Li, H., Zheng, L., Ma, G., & Tao, H. (2021). COVID-19-Related Intolerance of Uncertainty and Mental Health among Back-To-School Students in Wuhan: The Moderation Effect of Social Support. In International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (Vol. 18, Issue 3). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18030981



DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jh.66879

Article Metrics

Abstract views : 3142 | views : 3789

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.




Copyright (c) 2021 Humaniora

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.