Pengaruh Variasi Suhu Hidrotermal dan Aktivator Kalium Hidroksida (KOH) terhadap Kemampuan Hydrochar sebagai Adsorben pada Proses Adsorpsi Limbah Cair Metilen Biru

https://doi.org/10.22146/jrekpros.57394

Aziz Askaputra(1), Ahmad Tawfiequrahman Yuliansyah(2*)

(1) Departemen Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jln. Grafika No. 2 Kampus UGM, Yogyakarta 55281
(2) Departemen Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jln. Grafika No. 2 Kampus UGM, Yogyakarta 55281
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


Oil palm shell is one of biomass-wastes which is abundantly found in palm oil industries. Its economical value can be enhanced by converting it into hydrochar using a hydrothermal carbonization process (HTC). In this study, preparation of oil palm shell hydrochar was performed and the material was used as adsorbent to remove methylene blue from waste water. Effects of HTC temperature, KOH activator concentration, and adsorption time were studied. Functional groups of hydrochar were evaluated by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Meanwhile, the uptake capacity of hydrochar to adsorp methylene blue was measured by using UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The results showed that dehydration and decarboxylation reactions took place more progressively at the higher temperature of HTC. It was also found that activation process resulted higher removal efficiency of methylene blue. The highest adsorption capacity (16.58 mg/g, with removal efficiency 99.51%) was obtained by hydrochar prepared by HTC 270°C, KOH 1.5 N, and carried out for 80 minutes.

Keywords: activator; adsorption; hydrothermal carbonization; methylene blue; oil palm shell


A B S T R A K

Tempurung kelapa sawit merupakan salah satu limbah biomassa yang jumlahnya cukup melimpah di industri minyak kelapa sawit. Nilai ekonomi tempurung kelapa sawit dapat ditingkatkan, salah satunya melalui hydrothermal carbonization process (HTC). Dalam penelitian ini, hydrochar dari tempurung kelapa sawit dibuat dan digunakan sebagai adsorben untuk menjerap metilen biru dari limbah cair. Dalam hal ini, akan dipelajari pengaruh suhu HTC, konsentrasi aktivator KOH, dan durasi adsorpsi. Gugus fungsional hydrochar dianalisis dengan FT-IR spectroscopy, sementara itu kapasitas adsorpsi terhadap metilen biru diukur dengan spektrofotometer UV-Vis. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa reaksi dehidrasi dan dekarboksilasi pada kondisi hidrotermal terjadi lebih cepat pada suhu HTC yang lebih tinggi. Selain itu, proses aktivasi dengan KOH terbukti dapat meningkatkan efisiensi penyisihan metilen biru. Kapasitas adsorpsi maksimum sebesar 16,58 mg/g (dengan efisiensi penyisihan 99,51%) dihasilkan dari adsorpsi dengan menggunakan hydrochar yang diperoleh dari HTC suhu 270 °C, diaktivasi dengan KOH 1,5 N dan durasi adsorpsi selama 80 menit.

Kata kunci: adsorpsi; aktivator; karbonisasi hidrotermal; metilen biru; tempurung kelapa sawit


 


Keywords


activator; adsorption; hydrothermal carbonization; methylene blue; oil palm shell

Full Text:

PDF


References

Affam, A.C., 2020, Conventional steam activation for conversion of oil palm kernel shell biomass into activated carbon via biochar product, Global J. Environ. Sci. Manage., 6(1), 15–30.

Budiman, I., Hermawan, D., Febrianto, F., Subyakto, dan Gustan, P., 2019, Optimasi aktivasi arang aktif dari arang hidro tempurung buah kelapa sawit menggunakan metodologi permukaan respon (Optimization of activated carbon from oil palm shell hydrochar using response surface methodology), J. Ilmu Teknol. Kayu Tropis, 17, 8–21.

Christina P., Mu’nisatun S., Saptaaji, R., dan Marjanto., D., 2007, Studi pendahuluan mengenai degradasi zat warna azo (metil orange) dalam pelarut air menggunakan berkas elektron 340 keV/10 mA, Jurnal Forum Nuklir, 1 (1), 31–44

Irsan, M., Yuliansyah, A.T., and Purwono, S., 2019, Production of solid fuel material from coconut shells with hydrothermal treatment method, Konversi, 8(1), 4–9.

Kaewtrakulchai, N., Faungnawakij, K., and Eiad-Ua A., 2020, Parametric study on microwave-assisted pyrolysis combined koh activation of oil palm male flowers derived nanoporous carbons, Materials, 13(12), 2876.

Kumar, S., Loganathan, V. A., Gupta, R. B., and Barnett, M. O., 2011, An assessment of U(VI) removal from groundwater using biochar produced from hydrothermal carbonization, J. Environ. Manage., 92 (10), 2504–2512.

Lempang, M., Syafii, W., dan Pari, G., 2011, Struktur dan komponen arang serta arang aktif tempurung kemiri, Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan, 29 (3), 278–294.

Liu, Z. and Zhang, F., 2009, Removal of lead from water using biochars prepared from hydrothermal liquefaction of biomass, J. Hazard. Mater., 167 (1-3): 933–939.

Mulia, A., 2008, Pemanfaatan tandan kosong dan tempurung kelapa sawit sebagai briket arang, Universitas Sumatera Utara.

Purwaningsih, S., Arung, E. T., dan Muladi, S., 2000, Pemanfaatan Arang Aktif Tempurung Kelapa Sawit sebagai Adsorben pada Limbah Cair Kayu Lapis, Thesis, Fakultas Kehutanan Universitas Mulawarman Samarinda.

Regmi, P., Garcia Moscoso, J. L., Kumar, S., Cao, X., Mao, J., and Schafran, G., 2012, Removal of copper and cadmium from aqueous solution using switchgrass biochar produced via hydrothermal carbonization process, J. Environ. Manage., 109, 61–69.

Nizamuddin, S., Jayakumar, N. S., Sahu, J. N., Ganesan, P., Bhutto, A. W., and Mubarak, N. M., 2015, Hydrothermal carbonization of oil palm shell, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 32, 1–9.

Yuliansyah, A. T., Hirajima, T., Kumagai, S., and Sasaki, K., 2010, Production of solid biofuel from agricultural wastes of the palm oil industry by hydrothermal treatment, Waste Biomass Valorization, 1 (4), 395–405.



DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jrekpros.57394

Article Metrics

Abstract views : 1988 | views : 5366

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.




Copyright (c) 2020 The authors

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Jurnal Rekayasa Proses  (print ISSN 1978-287X; online ISSN 2549-1490) is published by Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada. View website statistics.