Peningkatan Kualitas Pembakaran Biomassa Limbah Tongkol Jagung sebagai Bahan Bakar Alternatif dengan Proses Karbonisasi dan Pembriketan
Untoro Budi Surono(1*)
(1) 
(*) Corresponding Author
Abstract
Tongkol jagung merupakan limbah pertanian yang banyak dijumpai di Indonesia yang dapat diolah menjadi salah satu bahan bakar padat alternatif. Karbonisasi (pirolisis) yang diikuti dengan pembriketan merupakan salah satu cara yang dapat digunakan untuk mengolah biomasa menjadi bahan bakar padat. Penelitian ini mempelajari pengaruh suhu selama proses karbonisasi dan tekanan pada saat pembriketan terhadap sifat pembakaran briket dari tongkol jagung. Pada penelitian ini, proses karbonisasi dilakukan pada suhu 220ºC, 300ºC dan 380ºC sementara proses pembriketan dilakukan pada tekanan 24,4 MPa, 48,8 MPa, 73,2 MPa, dan 97,6 MPa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa proses karbonisasi yang dilakukan dapat meningkatkan kandungan karbon dan nilai kalor briket dari tongkol jagung. Kondisi operasi karbonisasi terbaik diperoleh pada suhu 380°C, sementara untuk pembriketan dilakukan pada 97,6 MPa yang dapat menaikkan kadar karbon sampai 67% dan nilai kalor sampai 65%. Proses karbonisasi yang dilakukan dapat mengurangi emisi CO dan laju pembakaran. Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa penekanan yang tinggi selama pembriketan juga dapat mengurangi emisi CO dan laju pembakaran.
Kata kunci: bahan bakar alternatif, biomasa, briket, karbonisasi, pembakaran, tongkol jagung
Corn cob is one of potential agricultural wastes in Indonesia that can be processed into an alternative solid fuel. Carbonization (pyrolysis) followed by briquetting is one of the methods that can be applied to process biomass into solid fuels. This work investigated the influence of carbonization temperature and briquetting pressure on combustion characteristic of corn cobs biomass. In this work, carbonization was carried out at three different temperatures, i.e. 220ºC, 300ºC and 380ºC, while briquetting process was prepared using four pressure variations, i.e. 24.4 MPa, 48.8 MPa , 73.2 MPa and 97.6 MPa. The results showed that carbonization process of corn cobs increased the fixed carbon content and the heating value. The best operating condition for carbonization and briquetting process were obtained at temperature of 380ºC and pressure of 97.6 Mpa that could increase the fixed carbon content and the heating value up to 67% and 65% respectively. Carbonization process could reduce CO emission and combustion rate. It was found that a high briquetting pressure resulted in low combustion rate and CO emission.
Keywords: alternative fuel, biomass, briquetting, carbonization, combustion, corn cobs
Kata kunci: bahan bakar alternatif, biomasa, briket, karbonisasi, pembakaran, tongkol jagung
Corn cob is one of potential agricultural wastes in Indonesia that can be processed into an alternative solid fuel. Carbonization (pyrolysis) followed by briquetting is one of the methods that can be applied to process biomass into solid fuels. This work investigated the influence of carbonization temperature and briquetting pressure on combustion characteristic of corn cobs biomass. In this work, carbonization was carried out at three different temperatures, i.e. 220ºC, 300ºC and 380ºC, while briquetting process was prepared using four pressure variations, i.e. 24.4 MPa, 48.8 MPa , 73.2 MPa and 97.6 MPa. The results showed that carbonization process of corn cobs increased the fixed carbon content and the heating value. The best operating condition for carbonization and briquetting process were obtained at temperature of 380ºC and pressure of 97.6 Mpa that could increase the fixed carbon content and the heating value up to 67% and 65% respectively. Carbonization process could reduce CO emission and combustion rate. It was found that a high briquetting pressure resulted in low combustion rate and CO emission.
Keywords: alternative fuel, biomass, briquetting, carbonization, combustion, corn cobs
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PDFDOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jrekpros.570
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