Pemanfaatan Beberapa Kaldu Hewan sebagai Bahan Formula Cair Pseudomonas fluorescens P60 untuk Mengendalikan Sclerotium rolfsii pada Tanaman Mentimun

https://doi.org/10.22146/jpti.9384

Loekas Soesanto(1*), Endang Mugiastuti(2), Ruth Feti Rahayuniati(3)

(1) Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Jenderal Soedirman Purwokerto
(2) Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Jenderal Soedirman Purwokerto
(3) Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Jenderal Soedirman Purwokerto
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


A research aiming at knowing the potency of several animal broths as organic liquid formula of Pseudomonas fluorescens P60, soaking period of Sclerotium rolfsii sclerotia, and its application method on cucumber stem-end rot was done. Completely randomized design and randomized block design both arranged by factorial were used for in vitro and in planta tests, respectively. The first factor was six kinds of animal broth, i.e., golden snail, local chicken,broiler chicken, catfish, cow bone, and rat. The second one for in vitro test was the soaking period in the Pseudomonas fluorescens P60 formula, i.e., 0, 1, 10, and 100 hours and for in planta one was application methods, i.e., seed soaking or crop spraying. Result of the research showed that the best animal broth as liquid formula for Pseudomonas fluorescens P60 was golden snail broth indicated by suppression of sclerotial germination up to 97.4% after soaking for 100 hours. The best application method to suppress the disease was spraying method showed by suppressed of sclerotial germination, longer incubation period, and suppressed disease incidence and sclerotial late population of 55.79, 147.35, 66.67, and 59.68%, repectively. Spraying the formula could also increase crop height difference, fresh and dry weight of crop, fresh and dry weight of root, and root length to 146.83, 86.62, 112.5, 87.88, 140, and 159.68%, respectively.


Keywords


animal broth; cucumber; Pseudomonas fluorescens P60; Sclerotium rolfsii

Full Text:

PDF


References

Agrios, G.N. 2005. Plant Pathology, 5th ed. Elsevier Academic Press, New York. 922 p.

Alizadeh, O. & A. Palsaeimehr. 2011. The Influence of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) on the Reduction of Abiotic Stresses in Crops. ELBA Bioflux 3(2): 93–99. (On-line). http://www.elba.bioflux.com.ro/docs/2011.3.93-99.pdf, modified 30/4/11.
Astawan, M. 2004. Mengapa Kita Perlu Makan Daging. (On-line). http://www.gizi.net/cgi-bin/berita/fullnews.cgi?newsid1084846725,67502, diakses 5/1/11.

Badan Pusat Statistik. 2009. Produksi Sayuran di Indonesia. (On-line). http://www.bps.go.id/tab_sub/view.php tabel=1&daftar=1&id_subyek=55&no tab=15, diakses 30/4/10.

Coley-Smith, J.R. & R.C. Cooke. 1971. Survival and Germination of Fungal Sclerotia. Annual Review of Phytopathology 9: 65–92.

Cook, J.R., D.W. Weller, & M.S. Thomashow. 1998. Potential for Biological Control of Root Pathogens with Pseudomonas Species Introduced into Rhizosphere. Phytoparasit. 26: 251–252.

Dinas Peternakan dan Perikanan Jakarta Pusat. 1992. Manfaat Daging, Telur, Susu. (On-line). http://www.jakarta.go.id/_jakpus/Ternak/datsu.htm, diakses 1/12/10.

Direktorat Jenderal Perikanan Budidaya. 2010. Ikan Lele Memiliki Kandungan Gizi yang Tinggi sehingga Bagus untuk Dikonsumsi. (On-line). http://www.perikanan-budidaya.dkp.go.id/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=199:ikan-lele-memiliki-kandungan-gizi-yang-tinggi-sehingga-bagus-untuk-dikonsumsi& catid=148:sekre tariat&Itemid=144, diakses 1/12/10.

Dowling, D.N. & F. O’Gara. 1994. Metabolism of Pseudomonas Involved in the Biocontrol of Plant Disease. Trends in Biotechnology 12: 133–141.

Duffy, B.K. & D.M. Weller. 1995. Use of Gaeumannomyces graminis var. graminis Alone and in Combination with fluorescent Pseudomonads to Suppress Take all of Wheat. Plant Disease 79: 907–911.

Hall, J.A., D. Peirson, S. Ghosh, & B.R. Glick. 1996. Root Elongation in Various Agronomic Crops by the Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacterium Pseudomonas putida GR 12-2. Israel Journal of Plant Sciences 44: 37–42.
Hanudin, B. Marwoto, A. Syaefullah, K. Mulya, & M. Machmud. 2004. Formula Cair untuk Pengendalian Penyakit Layu Fusarium pada Anyelir. Jurnal Hortikultura 14 (Ed. Khusus): 403–409.

Howell, C.R. & R.D. Stipanovic. 1980. Suppression of Pythium ultimum Induced Damping-off of Cotton Seedlings by Pseudomonas fluorescens and its Antibiotic Pyoluteorin. Phytopathology 70: 712–715.

Keel, C., U. Schnider, M. Maurhofer, C. Voissard, J. Laville, U. Burger, P. Wirthner, D. Hass, & G. Defago. 1992. Suppression of Root Disease by Pseudomonas fluorescens CHAO: Importance of Bacterial Secondary Metabolite 2,4-diacetylphloro glucinol. Molecular Plant Microbe Interaction 5: 4–13.
Kloepper, J.W., J. Leong, M. Teintze, & M.N. Schroth. 1980. Enhanced Plant Growth by Siderophores Produced by Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria. Nature 286: 885–886. Doi:10.1038/2868850.

Landa, B.B., A.E. de Werd Henricus, B.B. Mc Spadden Gardener, & D.M. Weller. 2002. Comparison of Three Methods for Monitoring Populations of Different Genotypes of 2,4-di acethylphloroglucinol-producing Pseudomonas fluorescens in Rhizosphere. Phytopathology 92: 129–137. (On-line). apsjournals.apsnet.org/doi/ pdf/10.1094/Phyto.2002.92.2.129, modified 21/10/10. Leong, T. 1986. Siderophore: Their Biochemistry and Possible Roling the Biocontrol of Plant Pathogens. Annual Review of Phytopathology 24: 187–209.

Linayanti, D., Wartoyo, & Try Wahyuti. 2000. Pengaruh Saat Panen dan Suhu Penyimpanan terhadap Umur Simpan Kualitas Mentimun Jepang Cucumis ativus L. (On-line). http://pertanian.uns.ac.id/~agronomi/agrosains/pengsaatpanenanggurli nayanti.pdf, diakses 5/1/11. Lucas, J.A., 1998. Plant Pathology and Plant Pathogen, 3rd. Great Britian at The University Press, England. 279 p.
Maqqon, M., Kustantinah, & L. Soesanto. 2006. Penekanan Hayati Penyakit Layu Fusarium Tanaman Cabai Merah. Agrosains 8: 50–56.

Mugiastuti, E., L. Soesanto, & R.F. Rahayuniati. 2010. Pemanfaatan Pseudomonas fluorescens P60 dalam Formula Cair Organik untuk Mengendalikan Penyakit Layu Bakteri pada Tanaman Tomat, p. 99–105. In L. Soesanto, R.F. Rahayuniati, E. Mugiastuti, & A. Manan (eds.), Prosiding Seminar Nasional Pengelolaan Organisme Pengganggu Tanaman Ramah Lingkungan. Jurusan HPT, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman, Purwokerto.

Prabowo, A.K.E., N. Prihatiningsih, & L. Soesanto. 2006. Potensi Trichoderma harzianum dalam Mengendalikan Sembilan Isolat Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht f.sp. zingiberi Trujillo pada Kencur. Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia 8: 76–84.

Pramudiana, A. 1998. Pemanfaatan Pseudomonas Kelompok Fluorescens untuk Pengendalian secara Hayati Penyakit Akar Gada pada Caisin. Skripsi. Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Jenderal Soedirman, Purwokerto. 67 p. (Tidak dipublikasikan).

Raaijmakers, J.M. & D.M. Weller. 1998. Natural Plant Protection by 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol-Producing Pseudomonas spp. in Take-all Decline Soils. Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions 11: 144–152.

Rahayu, M. 2008. Efikasi Isolat Pseudomonas fluorescens terhadap Penyakit Rebah Semai pada Kedelai. (On-line). http://pangan.litbang.deptan.go.id/berkasPDF/JurnalPP/2008/Nomor-3/no-3- 08.pdf, diakses 12/10/10.

Salmeron V., M.V. Martinez-Toledo, & J. Gonzalez-Lopez. 1990. Nitrogen Fixation and Production of Auxins, Gibberlines and Cytokinins by an Azotobacter chroococcum Strain Isolated from the Root of Zea mays in the Presence of Insoluble Phosphate. Chemosphere 20: 417–422.

Santoso, S.E., L. Soesanto, & T.A.D. Haryanto. 2007. Penekanan Hayati Penyakit Moler pada Bawang Merah dengan Trichoderma harzianum, Trichoderma koningii, dan Pseudomonas fluorescens P60. Jurnal HPT Tropika 7: 53–61.
Schisler, D. A., P.J. Slininger, R.W. Behle, & M.A. Jackson. 2004. Formulation of Bacillus spp. for Biological Control of Plant Diseases. Phytopathology 94: 1267–1271.

Semangun, H. 2008. Penyakit Tanaman Pangan di Indonesia, edisi kedua. Gadjah Mada University Press, Yogyakarta. 475 p.

Septiani, D.A. 2010. Pemanfaatan Bakteri Antagonis sebagai Pengendali Hayati Penyakit Layu Fusarium pada Tanaman Bawang Merah. Skripsi. Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman, Purwokerto. (Tidak dipublikasikan).

Sinaga, M.S. 2006. Dasar-Dasar Ilmu Penyakit Tumbuhan. Penebar Swadaya, Jakarta. 136 p.

Soesanto, 2000. Ecology and Biological Control of Verticillum dahliae. Ph.D. Thesis, Wageningen University, Wageningen. Soesanto, L. & A.J. Termorshuizen. 2001. Pseudomonas fluorescens P60 sebagai Agensia Hayati Jamur Patogen Tular-tanah, p. 183–186. In A. Purwantara, D. Sitepu, I. Mustika, K. Mulya, M.S. Sudjono, M. Machmud, S.H. Hidayat, Supriadi, Widodo (eds.), Prosiding Kongres Nasional XVI dan Seminar Nasional PFI, Bogor, 22–24 Agustus 2001.

Soesanto, L., R. Hidayat, & D.S. Utami. 2003. Prospek Pemanfaatan Pseudomonas fluorescens P60 untuk Pengendalian Penyakit Busuk Batang pada Kacang Tanah. Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia 7: 1–6.

Soesanto, L., Rokhlani, & N. Prihatiningsih. 2008. Penekanan Beberapa Mikroorganisme Antagonis terhadap Penyakit Layu Fusarium Gladiol. Agrivita 30: 75–83.

Soesanto, L. 2008. Pengantar Pengendalian Hayati Penyakit Tanaman. PT. Raja Grafindo Persada, Jakarta. 573 p.

Sulistiono. 2010. Manfaat Daging Keong. (Online). http://www.suaramerdeka.com/harian/0704/14/ked05.htm, diakses 11/8/10. Tempo. 1978. Dianjurkan: Makan Tikus. (On-line). http://majalah.interaktif.com/id/arsip/1978/07/29/lin/mbm.19780729.lin72374.id.html, diakses5/1/11.

Wardhana, D.W., L. Soesanto, & D.S. Utami. 2009. Penekanan Hayati Penyakit Layu Fusarium pada Subang Gladiol. Jurnal Hortikultura 19: 304–311.

Weller, D.M. 1988. Biological Control of Soil-borne Plant Pathogens in the Rhizosphere with Bacteria. Annual Review of Phytopathology 26: 379–407.



DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jpti.9384

Article Metrics

Abstract views : 3083 | views : 8917

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Bookmark and Share


Copyright (c) 2011 Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia ISSN 1410-1637 (print), ISSN 2548-4788 (online) is published by the Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada, in collaboration with Indonesian Entomological Society (Perhimpunan Entomologi Indonesia, PEI) and Indonesian Phytopathological Society (Perhimpunan Fitopatologi Indonesia, PFI). The content of this website is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.  

View website statistics