* Corresponding Author
Hama Penggerek Buah Kakao - Kendala Utama Industri Kakao Indonesia dan Saran Pengelolaannya
https://doi.org/10.22146/jpti.9361 Soekadar Wiryadiputra(1*)
(1) Pusat Penelitian Kopi dan Kakao Jember
(*) Corresponding Author
Abstract
Outbreak of cocoa pod borer has occurred inCentral Sulawesiand other Indonesian provinces since 1991. The reason of the outbreak has not been clearly defined, however, it was presumed that the event look place after tremendous expansion of cocoa plantation in the last two decades. Until December, 1995 the pest has infested 11 provinces including several main cocoa producing areas ofIndonesia. Total cocoa area damaged by the pest is about 40,000 ha. Bioecological aspects and management of the pest were reviewed from some recent literatures. These information should be useful to arrange the control strategy of the pest inIndonesia. Control measures developed in other countries can be adopted directly in handling the pest, especially for short term practices.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Anonim, 1987. Introduction to the cocoa pod borer. In: P.A.C. Ooi et al., (eds.) Symposium on management of the cocoa pod borer. pp. 1-6. Malaysian Plant Protection Society. Kuala Lumpur. Malaysia.
Azhar, L and D.H.K Lim, 1987. An investigation on the used of host plant resistance and crop manipulation in the mmigement of cocoa pod borer. Ibid pp. 83-101
Day, R.K., 1985. Control of cocoa pod borer (Conomorpha cramerella). PhD. Thesis. University of London.
Dinas Perkebunan Tingkat I Sulawesi Tengah, 1993. Kebijaksanaan daerah tentang pengembangan kakao di Sulawesi Tengah dalam hubungannya dengan penanggulangan serangan hama PBK. Gelar Teknologi Penanggulangan Hama Penggerek Buah Kakao (PBK). Tolitoli, 10-12 Oktober 1993. Halaman 58-64.
Ho, S.H., P.S. Beevor and J.D. Mumford, 1987. A practical approach to the control of cocoa pod borer moth using synthetic sex pheromone in an integrated system. In: P.A.C. Ooi et al. (Eds), Symposium on management of the cocoa pod borer. pp. 53-68. Malaysian Plant Protection Society. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Keane, P.J. and C. Prior, 1992. Biology of vascular-streak dieback of Cocoa. In: P.J. Keane and C.A.J. Putter (Eds.) Cocoa pest and disease management in Southeast Asia and Australasia. pp. 75-78. FAO, Rome.
Laoh, J.P. 1954. De bestrijding van Acrocercops cramerella in cocoa. Bergcullures, 23: 671-679.
Lim, G.T. and T.C. Chong, 1987. Biological control of cocoa pod borer by periodic release of Trichogrammatoidea bachtrae fumata Nagaraja in Sabah, Malaysia. In: P.A.C. Ooi et al. (Eds), Symposium on management of the cocoa pod borer. pp. 71-80. Malaysian Plant Protection Society. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Lim, T.K., M. Rita, P.A.C. Ooi and C.L. Chin, 1988. Some entomophatogenic fungi isolated from Conopomorpha cramerella. The Planter 64: 548-554.
Lirn, G.T., 1992. Biology, ecology and control of cocoa podborer Conopomorpha cramerella (Snellen). In: P.J.Keane and C.AJ. Putter (Eds.), Cocoa pest and disease management in Southeast Asia and Australasia. pp. 85-100. FAO, Rome.
Moersamdono dan S. Wardojo, 1984. Kemajuan dalam percobaan perlindungan buah cokelat dengan kantong plastik dari serangan Acrocercops cramerella Sn. Menara Perkebunan 52: 93-96.
Mumford, .LD. and S.H. Ho, 1988. Control of the cocoa podborer (Conopomorpha cramerella). Cocoa Growers’ Bulletin 40: 19-29.
Mumford, J.D., 1980. Summary of a visit to Quoin Cocoa Estate, Tawau, Sabah, to asses the Cocoa Moth situation in the vicinitu (Unpublished).
Ooi, P.A.C., 1987. Advances in the biological control of cocoa pod borer in Malaysia. In: P.A.C. Ooi et al., (Eds.) Symposium on the management of the cocoa pod borer. pp. 103-117. Malaysian Plant Protection Society. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Pranata, Y. dan D: Pardede, 1979. Suatu pandangan retrospektif mengenai permasalahan hama kakaomot di Sumatra Utara. Bull BPP. Medan 10(2): 57-64.
Prawoto, A.A., 1992. Penyebaran penggerek buah kakao di Kabupaten Buol-Tolitoli, propinsi Sulawesi Tengah dan alternatif pcmusnahannya dengan cara penggundulan tajuk. Proyek Penclitian Kopi dan Kakao Rakyat Jember, Pusat Peneitian Perkebunan Jember. 10 halaman.
Sidhu, M.S., 1984. Preliminary investigations into chemical control of the cocoa moth pod borer Actrocercops cramerella Snellen., in Sabah. The Planter 60:228-242.
Sulistyowati, E., 1992. Identifikasi masalah hama pengerek buah kakao di. Kabupaten Buol-T olitoli, Prop. Sulawesi Tengah. Proyek Penelitian Kopi dan Kakao Rakyat Jember. Puslitbun Jember. 10 halaman.
Tay, E.B., 1987. Control of cocoa pod borer - the Sabah experience. In: P.A.C. Ooi, et al., Symposium on the management of the cocoa pod borer. pp. 7-17. Malaysian Plant Protection Society. Kuala Lumpur. Malaysia.
Toxopeus, H. and G. Giesberger, 1983. History of cocoa and cocoa research in Indonesia. In: H. Toxopeus and P.C. Wessel (Eds.), Cocoa research in Indonesia 1900 - 1950. Vol. II. pp. 7-34. American Cocoa Research Institute.
Vanialingam, T., P.T. Easaw, M. Irshad, J. Manals and P. Cruz, 1981. Early work in the control of cocoa podborer Acrocercops cramerella in the Philippines. Proc. Eight. InK. Cocoa Res. Conf. pp.345-35l.
Wardojo, S., 1980. The cocoa podborer - A major hindrance to cocoa development. Indonesian Agricultural Research Development Journal 2 (1): 1-4.
------------- , 1981. Strategi penelitian dan pemberantasan penggerek buah cokelat. Menara Perkebunan 49(3): 69-74.
Wessel, P.C., 1983. The cocoa pod borer moth (Acrocercops cramerella Sn.). Review of research in Indonesia 1900-1918. In: H. Toxopeus and P.C. Wessel (Eds.), Cocoa research in Indonesia 1900 - 1950. Vol II. pp. 37-62c. American Cocoa Research Institute.
Wood, B.J., 1987. Prospects for the management of the cocoa pod borer in Malaysia. In: P.A.C. Ooi et. al, Symposium on management of the cocoa pod borer. pp. 139-165. Malaysian Plant Protection Society. Kuala Lumpur. Malaysia.
Yew, C.C., G.F. Chung, C.T. Ho, C.W. Leong and S.S. Liau, 1992. Experiences in the management of cocoa pod borer Conopomorpha cramerella (Snellen) infestations in some Malaysian cocoa growers’ council member estates of Paninsular Malaysia. The Planter 68 (798): 445-455.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jpti.9361
Article Metrics
Abstract views : 3102
| 
views : 1940
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 1996 Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia ISSN 1410-1637 (print), ISSN 2548-4788 (online) is published by the Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada, in collaboration with Indonesian Entomological Society (Perhimpunan Entomologi Indonesia, PEI) and Indonesian Phytopathological Society (Perhimpunan Fitopatologi Indonesia, PFI). The content of this website is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
View website statistics