* Corresponding Author
Identification of Pathogens Causing Bulb Rot Disease on Garlic (Allium sativum L.) in Central Java, Indonesia
https://doi.org/10.22146/jpti.64743 Lutfi Arifin(1), Siwi Indarti(2*), Arif Wibowo(3)
(1) Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada Jln. Flora No. 1 Bulaksumur, Sleman, Yogyakarta 55281 Indonesia
(2) Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada Jln. Flora No.1 Bulaksumur, Sleman, Yogyakarta 55281 Indonesia
(3) Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada Jln. Flora No. 1 Bulaksumur, Sleman, Yogyakarta 55281 Indonesia
(*) Corresponding Author
Abstract
Garlic bulb rot disease was found from garlics (Allium sativum L.) cultivated from 2017 to 2019 by farmers in Central Java Province, Indonesia. The initial symptoms of the disease were stunted, leaf yellowing, and necrotizing to rotten bulbs. This research was conducted to determine the major causal agent of garlic bulb rot disease in Central Java. A survey was carried out in five regencies across Central Java that were major garlic-producing areas. Nematodes were isolated using water immersion methode and pathogenic fungi were isolated on Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA). Nematode identification was carried out based on the Ditylenchus dipsaci morphological and morphometric character. Seven isolates of Fusarium species were obtained from infected garlic. Identification of four chosen isolates were performed by sequencing the TEF-1α gene. The TEF sequence of isolate TB3, KK1, and KK4 showed 99% similarity with several F. oxysporum, BT3 sequences showed 98% identity with several F. solani, and all were deposited in the NCBI GenBank. Three locations were positively infected by the interaction between D. dipsaci and Fusarium sp. Based on the results of the morphological identification, parasitic nematode was identified as D. dipsaci, while based on the morphological and molecular identification isolates Fusarium were identified as F. oxysporum and F. solani, respectively, as first report causal agents of garlic bulbs rot in Central Java.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Aftalion, B. & Cohn, E. (1990). Characterization of Two Races of the Stem and Bulb Nematode (Ditylenchus dipsaci) in Israel. Phytoparasitica, 18(3), 229–232. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02980992
Ambar, A.A., Setyawati, H., & Ilmi, N. (2019). Interaction of Physiology Character - Secondary Metabolic of Fusarium oxysporum on Tomatoes of Fusarium Wilt Symptom. Materials Science Forum, 967, 95–100. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.967.95
Back, M.A., Haydock, P.P.J., & Jenkinson, P. (2002). Disease Complexes Involving Plant Parasitic Nematodes and Soilborne Pathogens. Plant Pathology, 51(6), 683–697. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3059.2002.00785.x
Baicheva, O., & Budurova, L. (1994). Morphological Investigations of Ditylenchus dipsaci (Kühn, 1857) Filipjev, 1936 from the Regions of Bulgaria. Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment, 8(4), 46–53. https://doi.org/10.1080/13102818.1994.10818807
Devappa, V., Kumar, B., Nagaraj, R., Naik, B.G., Ravindra, H., Kamanna, B.C., & Jahagirdar, S. (2009). Association of Meloidogyne incognita and Fusarium chlamydosporum Causing with Wilt Complex in Northern Karnataka on Coleus forskohlii. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 3(8), 49–52. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/262646910
Dugan, F.M., Hellier, B.C., & Lupien, S.L. (2003). First Report of Fusarium proliferatum Causing Rot of Garlic Bulbs in North America. Plant Pathology, 52(3), 426. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3059.2003.00852.x
European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization. (2017). PM 7/87 (2) Ditylenchus destructor and Ditylenchus dipsaci. Bulletin OEPP/EPPO Bulletin, 47(3), 401–419. https://doi.org/10.1111/epp.12433
French, J.M., Beacham, J., Garcia, A., Goldberg, N.P., Thomas, S.H., & Hanson, S.F. (2017). First Report of Stem and Bulb Nematode Ditylenchus dipsaci on Garlic in New Mexico. Plant Health Progress, 18(2), 91–92. https://doi.org/10.1094/PHP-12-16-0069-BR
Griffin, G.D. (1990). Pathological Relationship of Ditylenchus dipsaci and Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. medicaginis on Alfalfa. Journal of Nematology, 22(3), 333–336. Retrieved from https://journals.flvc.org/jon/article/view/66179
Hajihassani, A., & Tenuta, M. (2016). First Report of Stem and Bulb Nematode (Ditylenchus dipsaci) on Garlic in Southern Manitoba, Canada. Poster in Canadian Plant Disease Survey.
Hall, T.A. (1999). BioEdit: A User-Friendly Biological Sequence Alignment Editor and Analysis Program for Windows 95/98/NT. Nucleic Acids Symposium Series, 41, 95–98. Retrieved from https://www.scienceopen.com/book?vid=8b59b929-3c37-49f6-936b-f8bf6dd92ace
Hillnhütter, C., Albersmeier, A., Berdugo, C.A., & Sikora, R.A. (2011). Synergistic Damage by Interactions between Ditylenchus dipsaci and Rhizoctonia solani (AG 2-2IIIB) on Sugar Beet. Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection, 118(3–4), 127–133. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03356392
Ignjatov, M.V., Bjelić, D.Ð., Nikolić, Z.T., Milošević, D.N., Marinković, J.B., Ivanović, Ž.S., & Gvozdanović-Varga, J.M. (2017). Morphological and Molecular Identification of Fusarium tricinctum and Fusarium acuminatum as Causal Agent of Garlic Bulbs Rot in Serbia. Matica Srpska Journal of Natural Sciences, 133, 271–277. https://doi.org/10.2298/ZMSPN1733271I
Indarti, S., Subandiyah, S., Wibowo, A., & Ajri, M. (2018). First Record: A Stem and Bulb Plant Parasitic Nematode at Garlic Area Centre Temanggung, Central Java, Indonesia with Species Reference to Ditylenchus dipsaci. Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia, 22(2), 233–237. https://doi.org/10.22146/jpti.35321
International Plant Protection Convention. (2015). Diagnostic Protocols for Regulated Pests ISPM 27 Annex 8 Ditylenhcus destructor and D. dipsaci. Rome, Italy: IPPC, FAO. Retrieved from https://www.gov.si/assets/organi-v-sestavi/UVHVVR/Zdravje-rastlin/IZVOZ-rastline/mednarodni-standardi-ISPM/DP_08_2015_En_2015-12-22_Reformatted.pdf
Kassie, Y.G. (2019). Status of Root-Knot Nematode (Meloidogyne Species) and Fusarium Wilt (Fusarium oxysporum) Disease Complex on Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) in the Central Rift Valley, Ethiopia. Agricultural Sciences, 10(8), 1090–1103. https://doi.org/10.4236/as.2019.108082
Kumar, S., Stecher, G., Li, M., Knyaz, C., & Tamura, K. (2018). MEGA X: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis Across Computing Platforms. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 35(6), 1547–1549. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msy096
Leslie, J.F. & Summerell, B.A. (Eds.) (2006). The Fusarium Laboratory Manual. Ames, United States: Blackwell Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470278376
Mai, W.F., Lyon, H., & Kruk, T.H. (1968). Pictorial Key to Genera of Plant Parasitic Nematodes. Ithaca, New York, United States: Art Craft.
Meena, K.S., Ramyabharathi, S.A., Raguchander, T., & Jonathan, E.I. (2016). Interaction of Meloidogyne incognita and Fusarium oxysporum in Carnation and Physiological Changes Induced in Plants due to the Interaction. SAARC Journal of Agriculture, 14(1), 59–69. Retrieved from http://www.sac.org.bd/archives/journals/sja_v_14_i_1_2016.pdf
Moharam, M.H.A., Farrag, E.S.H., & Mohamed, M.D.A. (2013). Pathogenic Fungi in Garlic Seed Cloves and First Report of Fusarium proliferatum Causing Cloves Rot of Stored Bulbs in Upper Egypt. Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection, 46(17), 2096–2103. https://doi.org/10.1080/03235408.2013.785122
Mudawi, H.I., Idris, M.O., & Zawam, H.S. (2018). Occurrence and Identity of the Causal Agents of Wilt/Root-rot Disease in Chickpea in Abu Hamad Area Sudan. International Journal Sudan Research, 8(1), 1–14. Retrieved from https://www.sudanknowledge.org/download/ijsr-v8-n1-2018-wilt-root-rot-disease-chickpea/
O’Donnell, K., Kistler, H.C., Cigelnik, E., & Ploetz, R.C. (1998). Multiple Evolutionary Origins of the Fungus Causing Panama Disease of Banana: Concordant Evidence from Nuclear and Mitochondrial Gene Genealogies. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 95(5), 2044–2049. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.95.5.2044
Palmero, D., De Cara, M., Nosir, W., Gálvez, L., Cruz, A., Woodward, S., Gonzalez-Jane, M.T., & Tello, J.C. (2012). Fusarium prolifertum Isolated from Garlic in Spain: Identification, Toxigenic Potential and Pathogenicity on Related Allium species. Phytopathologia Mediterranea, 51(1), 207–218. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/43872368
Pujiastuti, N., Hadiwiyono, & Subagiya. (2014). Peningkatan Infeksi Patogen Busuk Pangkal pada Bawang Putih oleh Meloidogyne dengan Variasi Inokulum. Agrosains, 16(1), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.20961/agsjpa.v16i1.18902
SAS Institute. (1998). SAS software version 7 (TSP1). Cary, NC: SAS Institute.
Summerell, B.A., Salleh, B., & Leslie, J.F. (2003). A Utilitarian Approach to Fusarium Identification. Plant Disease, 87(2), 117–128. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS.2003.87.2.117
Tamura, K. & Nei, M. (1993). Estimation of the Number of Nucleotide Substitutions in the Control Region of Mitochondrial DNA in Humans and Chimpanzees. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 10(3), 512–526. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a040023
Testen, A.L., Walsh, E.K., Taylor, C.G., Miller, S.A., & Lopez-Nicora, H.D. (2014). First Report of Bloat Nematode (Ditylenchus dipsaci) Infecting Garlic in Ohio. Plant Disease, 98(6), 859–859. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-11-13-1121-PDN
Wiemann, P., Willmann, A., Straeten, M., Kleigrewe, K., Beyer, M., Humpf, H.U., & Tudzynski, B. (2009). Biosynthesis of the Red Pigment Bikaverin in Fusarium fujikuroi: Genes, their Function and Regulation. Molecular Microbiology, 72(4), 931–946. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.2009.06695.x
Williamson, V.M. & Gleason, C.A. (2003). Plant-Nematode Interactions. Current Opinion in Plant Biology, 6(4), 327–333. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1369-5266(03)00059-1
Wiratno, Syakir, M., Sucipto, I., & Pradana, A.P. (2019). Isolation and Characterization of Endophytic Bacteria from Roots of Piper ningrum and their Activities against Fusarium oxysporum and Meloidogyne incognita. Biodiversitas, 20(3), 682–687. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d200310
Yavuzaslanoğlu, E., Dikici, A, & Elekcioğlu, I.H. (2015). Effect of Ditylenchus dipsaci Kühn, 1857 (Tylenchida: Anguinidae) on Onion Yield in Karaman Province, Turkey. Turkish Journal of Agriculure and Forestry, 39(2), 227–233. Retrieved from https://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/agriculture/issues/tar-15-39-2/tar-39-2-7-1404-133.pdf
Yin, Y.S., Li, J.J., Zhang, F.B., Zhang, S.Q., & Gao, M. (2015). First Report of Ceratobasidium sp. Causing Root Rot of Garlic in China. Plant Disease, 104(2), 569. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-08-19-1679-PDN
Zhang, L.-J., Wang, W., Xie, Y.-Q., Zhang Z.-D., Gu, M.-Y., Zhu, J., Tang, Q.-Y., Wang, B., & Song, S.-Q. (2017). Isolation and Identification of the Pathogens Causing Garlic Root Rot in Jimsar. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 54(4), 725–734. Retrieved from https://www.xjnykx.com/CN/Y2017/V54/I4/725
Zhang, S.L., Liu, G.K., Janssen, T., Zhang, S.S., Xiao, S., Li, S.T., Couvreur, M., & Bert, W. (2014). A New Stem Nematode Associated with Peanut Pod Rot in China: Morphological and Molecular Characterization of Ditylenchus arachis n. sp. (Nematoda: Anguinidae). Plant Pathology, 63(5), 1193–1206. https://doi.org/10.1111/ppa.12183
Zhu, Z., Zheng, L., Pan, L., Hsiang, T. & Huang, J. (2014). Identification and Characterization of Fusarium Species Associated with Eilt of Eleocharis dulcis (Chinese Water Chestnut) in China. Plant Disease, 98(7), 977–986. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-08-13-0805-RE
DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jpti.64743
Article Metrics
Abstract views : 3042
| 
views : 1541
Refbacks
Copyright (c) 2021 Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia ISSN 1410-1637 (print), ISSN 2548-4788 (online) is published by the Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada, in collaboration with Indonesian Entomological Society (Perhimpunan Entomologi Indonesia, PEI) and Indonesian Phytopathological Society (Perhimpunan Fitopatologi Indonesia, PFI). The content of this website is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
View website statistics