* Corresponding Author
Utilization of Arbuscular Micorrhizal Fungi to Control Fusarium Wilt of Tomatoes
https://doi.org/10.22146/jpti.17255 Theodorsius Pedai(1*), Bambang Hadisutrisno(2), Achmadi Priyatmojo(3)
(1) Graduate Program of Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jln. Flora 1, Bulaksumur, Sleman, Yogyakarta 55281
(2) Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jln. Flora 1, Bulaksumur, Sleman, Yogyakarta 55281
(3) Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jln. Flora 1, Bulaksumur, Sleman, Yogyakarta 55281
(*) Corresponding Author
Abstract
Tomato is a vegetable crop which is preferred by the Indonesian people. The problem encountered in tomato production is Fusarium wilt which is known as devastating disease. Studies have been done to solve the problem but effective and inexpensive control technique is still questioned. This study aimed to ascertain the ability of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal (AM) fungi as biological control agent in reducing tomato Fusarium wilt. Research was arranged in a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of 5 treatments and 10 replications. The treatments were untreated plants, Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici inoculated plants, AM fungi inoculated plants, AM fungi + F. oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici inoculated plants, F. oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici + benomyl inoculated plants. The results showed that plants which were inoculated with AM fungi had better growth compared to those which were not inoculated with AM fungi. Moreover, plants which were inoculated with AM fungi showed lower disease intensity compared to untreated plant and inoculated plant with F. oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici + benomyl application. Orthogonal contrast analysis showed plants treated with AM fungi significantly perform better growth and resistance towards infection compared with other treatments. Thus, it concluded that AM fungi had the potency as biological control agent.
INTISARI
Tomat merupakan tanaman sayuran yang banyak digemari masyarakat Indonesia. Salah satu pengganggu utama pada tomat adalah penyakit layu Fusarium yang disebabkan oleh Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici dan menimbulkan masalah yang serius. Kerugian yang ditimbulkan oleh penyakit tersebut sangat besar sehingga perlu dicari cara pengendalian yang murah, efektif, dan aman. Penelitian yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui kemampuan jamur mikoriza arbuskular (JMA) sebagai agens pengendali hayati dalam menekan penyakit layu Fusarium pada tomat ini dilakukan dengan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri atas 5 perlakuan dan 10 ulangan. Perlakuan meliputi kontrol, inokulasi F. oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici, inokulasi JMA, inokulasi JMA dan F. oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici, inokulasi F. oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici dan aplikasi fungisida benomil. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tomat yang diinokulasi JMA memiliki pertumbuhan yang lebih baik dibandingkan yang tidak diinokulasi JMA. Intensitas penyakit pada tomat yang diinokulasi JMA lebih rendah, baik dibandingkan dengan kontrol maupun dengan perlakuan F. oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici dan aplikasi fungisida. Hasil analisis kontras orthogonal menunjukkan bahwa tomat bermikoriza berbeda nyata bila dibandingkan dengan yang tidak diinokulasi JMA maupun yang diaplikasi benomil. Terjadi peningkatan pertumbuhan tomat dan penekanan intensitas penyakit layu Fusarium, sehingga JMA berpotensi sebagai agens pengendali hayati (APH).
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Ambar, A.A. 2010. Tanggapan Tomat Varietas Tahan dan Rentan terhadap Fusarat dan Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici. Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Gadjah Mada. Disertasi. (Responses of Tomato Varieties Resistant and Susceptible to fusaric and Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici. Faculty of Agriculture, Gadjah Mada University. Dissertation).
Brundrett, M.C. 2002. Coevolution of Roots and Mycorrhizas of Land Plants. New Phytologist 154: 275−304.
Daniel, B.A. & H.D. Skipper. 1982. Method for the Recovery and Quantitative Estimation of Propagules from Soil, p. 29−37. In N. C. Schenk (ed.), Method and Principles of Mychorrizal Research. Annual Phytopathology Society, Saint Paul, Minnesota.
Giovannetti, M. & B. Mosse. 1980. An Evalution of Techniques for Measuring Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Infection in Roots. New Phytologist 84: 489−500.
Hodge, A., T. Helgason, & A.H. Fitter. 2010. Nutritional Ecology of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi. Fungal Ecology 3: 267−273.
Kormanik, P.P. & A.C. McGraw. 1982. Quantification of Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizal in Plant Root, p. 27−47. In N.C. Schenk, (ed.), Method and Principles of Mychorrizal Research. Annual Phytopathology Society, Saint Paul, Minnesota.
Mosse, B. 1981. Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Research for Tropical Agriculture. Materials Research Bulletin 82: 33−80.
Muniarti, A.E. Yulia, & F. Silvia. 2008. Peningkatan Produksi Bawang Merah dengan Agihan Cendawan Mikoriza Arbuskular dan Cu pada Lahan Gambut. Sagu 7: 19−25.
Ohtomo, R. & M. Saito. 2005. Polyphosphate Dynamics in Mycorrhizal Roots During Colonization of An Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus. New Phytologist 167: 571−578.
Pal, K.K., & B.M. Gardener. 2006. Biological Control of Plant Pathogens. The Plant Health Instructor. APSnet, DOI: 10.1094/PHI-A-2006-1117-02. 25 p.
Peterson, R. Larry, H.B. Massicotte, & L.H. Melville. 2004. Mycorrhizas Anatomy and Cell Biology. NRC Research Press, Canada. 173 p.
Simanungkalit, R.D.M., D. Ardi, R. Saraswati, D. Setyorini, & W. Hartatik. 2006. Pupuk Organik dan Pupuk Hayati. Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian, Bogor. 14 p.
Soenartiningsih. 2011. Infeksi Jamur Mikoriza Arbuskular Berdampak dalam Meningkatkan Ketahanan Tanaman Jagung, hlm. 4−8. Seminar dan Pertemuan Tahunan XXI PEI, PFI Komda Sulawesi Selatan dan Dinas Perkebunan Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan, 7 Juni 2011. Makassar.
Sumiati, E, & O.S. Gunawan. 2006. Aplikasi Pupuk Hayati untuk Meningkatkan Efisiensi Serapan unsur hara NPK serta Pengaruhnya terhadap Hasil dan Kualitas Umbi Bawang Merah. Jurnal Hortikultura, 17: 34−42.
Setiadi, Y. 2002. Optimalisasi Penggunaan CMA dalam Sistem Pertanian, Perkebunan dan Kehutanan yang berkelanjutan. Fakultas Kehutanan Institut Pertanian Bogor, Bogor.
Talanca, A.H., & A.M. Adnan. 2005. Mikoriza dan Manfaatnya pada Tanaman, hlm. 311−315. Prosiding Seminar Ilmiah dan Pertemuan Tahunan PEI dan PFI XVI Komda Sulawesi Selatan.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jpti.17255
Article Metrics
Abstract views : 3143
| 
views : 1704
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2017 Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia ISSN 1410-1637 (print), ISSN 2548-4788 (online) is published by the Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada, in collaboration with Indonesian Entomological Society (Perhimpunan Entomologi Indonesia, PEI) and Indonesian Phytopathological Society (Perhimpunan Fitopatologi Indonesia, PFI). The content of this website is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
View website statistics