Pharmacy Students’ Over-the-counter Recommendations for Primary Dysmenorrhea and Childhood Fever Cases in an Indonesian University

https://doi.org/10.22146/jmpf.85833

Cecilia Brata(1*), Yosi Irawati Wibowo(2), Priscilia Amanda Natasya(3), Krysnadewi Setyaningrum(4), Steven Victoria Halim(5), Eko Setiawan(6), Brucce Sunderland(7)

(1) Centre of Medicine Information and Pharmaceutical Care, Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Surabaya
(2) Centre of Medicine Information and Pharmaceutical Care, Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Surabaya
(3) Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Surabaya, Surabaya
(4) Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Surabaya, Surabaya
(5) Centre of Medicine Information and Pharmaceutical Care, Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Surabaya
(6) Centre of Medicine Information and Pharmaceutical Care, Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Surabaya
(7) School of Pharmacy, Curtin University of Technology, Perth
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


Background: The quality of pharmacy education is stated in the literature to be one of the factors influencing the quality of self-medication services in pharmacies. However, research describing the ability of pharmacy students to handle self-medication cases is limited.

Objectives: This study aims to describe pharmacy students’ recommendations for two vignette cases involving analgesic-antipyretics (i.e., primary dysmenorrhea and childhood fever cases) in an Indonesian university and to identify factors related to the appropriateness of their recommendations.

Methods: Apothecary students were asked to provide recommendations and their reasoning for primary dysmenorrhea and childhood fever cases using a structured telephone interview.

Results: Of the 86 participants, appropriate recommendations were provided by 86% and 78% for a case of primary dysmenorrhea and for childhood fever respectively. One-quarter of students did not identify referral criteria in the case of childhood fever and thus made inappropriate recommendations. Age and study period were factors significantly related to providing appropriate recommendations, in which students who were younger and completed their study program within 5 to 6 years were significantly able to provide appropriate recommendations compared to students who were older and whose study period exceeded 6 years.

Conclusion: A considerable number of apothecary students in an Indonesian university were able to properly manage cases related to analgesic-antipyretic recommendations. Further qualitative research is needed to identify factors underlying the knowledge of Indonesian pharmacy students in identifying major and minor patient presentations.

Keywords


analgesics-antipyretics; Indonesia; pharmacy students; self medications

Full Text:

PDF


References

  1. World Health Organization. The Role of the pharmacist in self-care and self-medication : report of the 4th WHO Consultative Group on the Role of the Pharmacist. 1998; https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/65860. Accessed Jan 23, 2023.
  2. Shaghaghi A, Asadi M, Allahverdipour H. Predictors of self-medication behavior: A systematic review. Iranian J Publ Health. 2014;43(2):36-146.
  3. Badan Pusat Statistik. Statistik Indonesia 2023. 2023; https://www.bps.go.id/publication/2023/02/28/18018f9896f09f03580a614b/statistik-indonesia-2023.html. Accessed Nov 19, 2023.
  4. Sclafer J, Slamet LS, de Visscher G. Appropriateness of self-medication: method development and testing in urban Indonesia. J Clin Pharm Ther. 1997;22:261-272.
  5. Harahap NA, Khairunnisa, Tanuwijaya J. Tingkat pengetahuan pasien dan rasionalitas swamedikasi di tiga apotek Kota Panyabungan. J Sains Farm Klin. 2017;3(2):186-192.
  6. Abdelwahed RNK, Jassem M, Alyousbashi A. Self-medication practices, prevalence, and associated factors among Syrian adult patients: a cross-sectional study. J Environ Public Health. 2022;2022:9274610.
  7. Chautrakarn S, Khumros W, Phutrakool P. Self-medication with over-the-counter medicines among the working age population in metropolitan areas of Thailand. Front Pharmacol. 2021;12:726643.
  8. Alexa ID, Pancu AG, Morosanu AI, et al. The impact of self-medication with NSAIDS/analgesics in a north-eastern region of Romania. Farmacia. 2014;62(6):1164-1170.
  9. Shrivastava B BO, Shakya R. . A systematic review on self-medication practice in Nepal. Annals of RSCB. 2021;25(5):2861-2878.
  10. Langer B KC. The quality of counseling for headache OTC medications in German community pharmacies using a simulated patient approach: Are there differences between self-purchase and purchase for a third party? Hindawi. 2022;5851117.
  11. Hammad EA, Elayeh E, Tubeileh R, Watson M, Wazaify M. A simulated patient study assessing over the counter supply and counseling in Jordan: responding to headache complaints. Int J Clin Pharm. 2018;40(5):982-986.
  12. Santos AP, Mesquita AR, Oliveira KS, Lyra DP Jr. Assessment of community pharmacists’ counselling skills on headache management by using the simulated patient approach: a pilot study. Pharm Pract. 2013;11(1):3-7.
  13. Bardage C, Westerlund T, Barzi S, Bernsten C. Non-prescription medicines for pain and fever—A comparison of recommendations and counseling from staff in pharmacy and general sales stores. Health Policy 2013;110:76-83.
  14. Lestari MAP, Amarullah A, Wahyuni KI. Pelayanan swamedikasi asam mefenamat di beberapa apotek Kabupaten Lamongan (studi dengan metode simulasi pasien). FARMASIS: Jurnal Sains Farmasi. 2021;2(2):7-15.
  15. Muharni S, Aryani F, Agustini TT, Fitriani D. Sikap tenaga kefarmasian dalam penggalian informasi pada swamedikasi nyeri gigi di apotek-apotek kota Pekanbaru Provinsi Riau. . Jurnal Penelitian Farmasi Indonesia. 2017;5(2):67-73.
  16. Roseno M, Widyastiwi. Assessing quality of self-medication services in pharmacies in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia using a mystery customer approach. . Indonesian J Pharm. 2023;34(2):312-323.
  17. Brata C, Fisher C, Marjadi B, Schneider CR, Clifford RM. Factors influencing the current practice of self-medication consultations in Eastern Indonesian community pharmacies: a qualitative study. BMC Health Serv Res. 2016;16:179.
  18. Thang DX. An investigation of non-prescription medicine supply in community pharmacies in Hanoi, Vietnam [PhD Thesis ]. Nottingham, England, , University of Nottingham; 2013.
  19. Hermansyah A, Sainsbury E, I. K. Multiple policy approaches in improving community pharmacy practice: the case in Indonesia. BMC Health Serv Res. 2018;18:449.
  20. Asosiasi Pendidikan Tinggi Farmasi Indonesia. Naskah akademik standar kompetensi lulusan dan standar kurikulum pendidikan farmasi. 2013; www.aptfi.or.id/dokumen/2016-01-01NAKompetensi&KurAPTFI2013.pdf. Accessed Feb 14, 2020.
  21. Brevmana B, Wibowo YI, Brata C, Setiawan E. Tingkat kemampuan mahasiswa S1 farmasi dan apoteker dalam menyelesaikan kasus swamedikasi di Jawa Timur JITK Bhamada. 2021;12(2):64-73.
  22. Brata C, Halim SV, Setiawan E, Presley B, Wibowo YI, Schneider CR. The competency of Indonesian pharmacy students in handling a self-medication request for a cough: a simulated patient study. Pharm Pract. 2021;19(2):2269.
  23. Ramadanti FR, Setiadi AP, Aditama L, et al. Pemberian rekomendasi oleh mahasiswa farmasi pada kasus nyeri pinggang di setting komunitas: Penelitian di sebuah institusi. J Sains Farm Klin. 2021;8(2):190-199.
  24. Blenkinsopp A, Duerden M, Blenkinsopp J. Symptoms in the pharmacy: A guide to the management of common illnesses. 9th ed. Oxford: United Kingdom: Wiley-Blackwell; 2023.
  25. Patel AJ, Mansukhani RP, Bloom C. OTC Case Studies: Fever. Pharmacy Times. 2019;85(12).
  26. Shimp LA. Disorders related to menstruation In: Krinsky DL, Ferreri SP, Hemstreet B, et al., eds. Handbook of nonprescription drugs: An interactive approach to self-care. Washington DC: American Pharmacists Association; 2018.
  27. Elo S, Kyngas H. The qualitative content analysis process. J Adv Nurs. 2008;61(1):107-115.
  28. Burnett M, Lemyre M. SOGC CLINICAL PRACTICE GUIDELINE: No. 345-Primary Dysmenorrhea Consensus Guideline. J Obstet Gynaecol Can 2017;39(7):585e595.
  29. Gynecologists. TACoOa. ACOG Committee Opinion No. 760: Dysmenorrhea and Endometriosis in the Adolescent. Obstet Gynecol. 2018;132(6):e249-e258.
  30. Kementrian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia Nomor 4 Tahun 2021 Tentang Perubahan Penggolongan Narkotika In. Jakarta: Kementrian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia; 2021.
  31. Jo J, Lee SH. Heat therapy for primary dysmenorrhea: A systematic review and meta-analysis of its effects on pain relief and quality of life. Sci Rep. 2018;8(1):16252.
  32. P R. Role of community pharmacists in patients’self-care and self-medication. Integr Pharm Res Pract. 2015;5:57-65.
  33. Akin M, Price W, Rodriguez G, Erasala G, Hurley G, Smith RP. Continuous, low-level, topical heat wrap therapy as compared to acetaminophen for primary dysmenorrhea. J Reprod Med. 2004;49(9):739-745.
  34. Akin MD, Weingand KW, Hengehold DA, Goodale MB, Hinkle RT, Smith RP. Continuous low-level topical heat in the treatment of dysmenorrhea. Obstet Gynecol. 2001;97(3):343-349.
  35. Rigi SN, Kermansaravi F, Navidian A, et al. Comparing the analgesic effect of heat patch containing iron chip and ibuprofen for primary dysmenorrhea: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Womens Health. 2012;12:25.
  36. Kementrian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. Keputusan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia Nomor HK.01.07/MENKES/13/2023 tentang Standar Profesi Apoteker. In. Jakarta, Indonesia: Kementrian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia; 2023.
  37. Galistiani GF, Utaminingrum W, Atmana RG, Ardiansyah A, Wibowo NA. Evaluasi konseling parasetamol di apotek di wilayah kota Purwokerto dengan metode simulated patient Farmasains. 2014;2(4):171-176.
  38. Primulyanto BA, Wibowo YI, Setiawan E, Brata C. Profil tipe dan ketepatan rekomendasi apoteker pada kasus vignette dispesia di salah satu kabupaten di Jawa Timur Indonesia. MPI (Media Pharmaceutica Indonesiana). 2022;4(2):125-135.
  39. Shaheed CA, McFarlane B, Maher CG, et al. Investigating the Primary Care Management of Low Back Pain: A Simulated Patient Study. J Pain. 2016;17(1):27-35.
  40. Schneider CR, Everett AW, Geelhoed E, et al. Provision of primary care to patients with chronic cough in the community pharmacy setting. Ann Pharmacother. 2011;45:402-408.
  41. Al-Sulaiti F, Fares H, Awaisu A, Nadir Kheir N. Continuing Professional Development Needs of Community Pharmacists in Qatar: A Mixed-Methods Approach. . Int Q Community Health Educ. 2021;41(3):285-292.
  42. Makhlouf AM, Ibrahim MIM, Awaisu A, Kheir N. Management of common minor ailments in Qatar: Community pharmacists' self-perceived competency and its predictors. PLoS One. 2021;16(8):e0256156.
  43. Amador-Fernández N, Benrimoj SI, de Labri Lima AO, et al. Strengthening patients' triage in community pharmacies: A cluster randomised controlled trial to evaluate the clinical impact of a minor ailment service. . PLoS One. 2022;10(10):e0275252.
  44. Persky AM, Medina MS, Castleberry AN. Developing critical thinking skills in pharmacy students. Am J Pharm Educ. 2019;83(2):Article 7033.
  45. Tsekhmister Y. Effectiveness of case-based learning in medical and pharmacy education: A meta-analysis. Electron J Gen Med. 2023;20(5):em515.
  46. Wigmore BC, Collins JC S, Schneider CR, Arias D, Moles RJ. Ability of Pharmacy Students, Pharmacists and Pharmacy Support Staff to Manage Childhood Fever via Simulation Am J Pharm Educ. 2018;82(10):6445.
  47. Miller GE. The assessment of clinical skills/competence/performance. Academic Medicines. 1990;65(9):s63-s67.
  48. Wass V, Van der Vleuten C, Shatzer J, Jones R. et al. Assessment of clinical competence Lancet. 2001;357:945-949.
  49. Witheridge A, Ferns G, Scott-Smith W. Revisiting Miller’s pyramid in medical education: the gap between traditional assessment and diagnostic reasoning. Int J Med Educ. 2019;10:191-192.
  50. Sansgiry SS, Bhosle M, Sail K. Factors that affect academic performance among pharmacy students. Am J Pharm Educ. 2006;70(5):104.
  51. Urruticoechea A, Oliveri A, Vernazza E, Giménez-Dasí M, Martínez-Arias R, Martín-Babarro J. The relative age effects in educational development: A systematic review. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18:8966.
  52. Pellizzari M, Billari FC. The younger, the better? Age-related differences in academic performance at university. J Popul Econ. 2012;25:697–739
  53. Jacobparayil A, Ali H, Pomeroy B, Baronia R, Chavez M, Ibrahim Y. Predictors of performance on the United States Medical Licensing Examination step 2 clinical knowledge: A systematic literature review. . Cureus 2020;14(2):e22280.
  54. Komasawa N, Terasaki F, Takitani K, Lee SW, Kawata R, T. N. Comparison of Younger and Older medical student performance outcomes: A retrospective analysis in Japan. Medicine. 2022;101(45):e31392.
  55. Wambugu LN, Emeke EA. Age-related differences in academic performance of undergraduate science courses at the University of Nairobi, Kenya. Int J Innov Res Dev 2019;8(9):208-213.



DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jmpf.85833

Article Metrics

Abstract views : 2038 | views : 1384

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2024 JURNAL MANAJEMEN DAN PELAYANAN FARMASI (Journal of Management and Pharmacy Practice)

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

©Jurnal Manajemen dan Pelayanan Farmasi
Faculty of Pharmacy
Universitas Gadjah Mada
Creative Commons License
View My Stats