Mapping of Pharmacies in Bandar Lampung Municipality: Nearest Neighbor Analysis and Overlay Approach

https://doi.org/10.22146/jmpf.83082

Nurma Suri(1*), Resmi Zakiah Oktarlina(2), Dwi Aulia Ramdini(3), Dedy Miswar(4), M. Bobby Rahman(5)

(1) Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lampung
(2) Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lampung
(3) Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lampung
(4) Department of Geography Education, University of Lampung
(5) Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Institut Teknologi Sumatera
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


Background: Pharmacies should improve people's quality of life by providing pharmaceutical services. In this case, the distribution and accessibility of pharmacy facilities play an essential role.

Objectives: This research aims to provide an overview of the distribution of pharmacies in Bandar Lampung municipality and analyze their distribution and accessibility.

Methods: Non-experimental research with descriptive methods was conducted using spatial analysis. All population pharmacies in Bandar Lampung were selected as a sample, and their location was pointed using the Garmin Global Positioning System (GPS). Arc-Gis software was used for data analysis. A nearest-neighbor analysis was conducted to get a distribution pattern, and the pharmacies' density was calculated to obtain accessibility data. The overlapping approach was carried out to determine factors related to pharmacy distribution patterns.

Results: Bandar Lampung municipality has 268 pharmacies spread across 20 districts. This research shows that the average density of pharmacies per 10,000 residents is 2.26. The highest pharmacy accessibility is in Sukarame, with a ratio of 4.07, and the lowest is in Bumi Waras, with a ratio of 0.62. The distribution of pharmacies is a clustered pattern (T value 0.55) and centralizes on collector roads, residential urban land use, and health facilities.

Conclusion: The distribution of pharmacies is odd. They are distributed in a cluster pattern.


Keywords


Global Positioning System; Nearest Neighbor Analysis; Pharmacy; Spatial Analysis

Full Text:

PDF


References

  1. World Health Organization. SDG Target 3.8. Achieve universal health coverage, including financial risk protection, access to quality essential health-care services and access to safe, effective, quality and affordable essential medicines and vaccines for all. Accessed January 30, 2023. https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/themes/topics/indicator-groups/indicator-group-details/GHO/sdg-target-3.8-achieve-universal-health-coverage-(uhc)-including-financial-risk-protection
  2. Tharumia Jagadeesan C, Wirtz VJ. Geographical accessibility of medicines: a systematic literature review of pharmacy mapping. J Pharm Policy Pract. 2021;14(1). doi:10.1186/s40545-020-00291-7
  3. Peraturan Pemerintah Republik Indonesia No 51 Tahun 2019 Tentang Pekerjaan Kefarmasian.
  4. Zomrawi N, Eisa E, Elhaj A, Nagi D, Mohammed Z. Assesment of Pharmaceutical Service Ditribution Using GIS. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology. Published online 2020. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/341979877
  5. Zaini M, Lazuardi L. Analisis Pola Distribusi Apotek di Kota Banjarbaru Berdasarkan Nearest Neighbor Statistics dan Sistem Informasi Geografis. Jurnal Pharmascience. 2016;03(02):1-8. http://jps.unlam.ac.id/
  6. Muhammadi Z, Lazuardi L. Analisis Niat Konsumen Dalam Pemanfaatan Pelayanan Apotek. Jurnal Manajemen dan Pelayanan Farmasi. 2014;4(1):17-24. doi:10.22146/jmpf.252
  7. Dahbul NA, Yasin NM, Lazuardi L. Analisis Distribusi Apotek Berdasar Standar Pelayanan Kefarmasian Melalui Sistem Informasi Geografis. Majalah Farmaseutik. 2021;17(1):82. doi:10.22146/farmaseutik.v17i1.52846
  8. Sukamdi DP, Lazuardi L, Sumarni. Analisis Distribusi Apotek dengan Sistem Informasi Geografis. Jurnal of Management and Pharmacy Practice. 2015;5(1):56-60.
  9. Manan A, Iswati Utami P, Siswanto A, et al. Profil Distribusi Apotek di Kabupaten Banyumas berdasarkan Sistem Informasi Geografi dan Korelasinya dengan Jumlah Kunjungan dan Resep Tahun 2019. Jurnal Kefarmasian Indonesia. 2021;11(2):142-155. doi:10.22 435/jki.v11i2.3961
  10. Jannah MM, Rokhman MR, Saitibi. Pemetaan Apotek Dengan Geographical Information System Serta Hubungan Kompetisi Terhadap Omset Dan Inovasi Apotek Di Kabupaten Sleman. Universitas Gajah Mada; 2018.
  11. Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan No 9 Tahun 2017 Tentang Apotek.
  12. Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan No 14 Tahun 2021 Tentang Standar Kegiatan Usaha Dan Produk Pada Penyelenggaraan Perizinan Berusaha Berbasis Risiko Sektor Kesehatan.
  13. Kompil M, Jacobs-Crisioni C, Dijkstra L, Lavalle C. Mapping accessibility to generic services in Europe: A market-potential based approach. Sustain Cities Soc. 2019;47. doi:10.1016/j.scs.2018.11.047
  14. Fernandes BD, Lírio AF, Freitas RR de, Melchiors AC. Use of Spatial Analysis to Assess Geographic Accessibility of Community Pharmacies in Sao Mateus. Pharmacology & Pharmacy. 2013;04(05):438-442. doi:10.4236/pp.2013.45062
  15. Peraturan Walikota Bogor No 19 Tahun 2006 Tentang Penyelenggaraan Apotek Dan Pedagang Ecerean Obat.
  16. Peraturan Bupati Bantul No 25 Tahun 2012 Tentang Penyelenggaraan Apotek Di Kabupaten Bantul.
  17. Badan POM. Laporan BPPOM Lampung 2018. 2019.
  18. Badan POM. Laporan Tahunan 2020 Loka POM Di Kabupaten Tulang Bawang. 2021.
  19. Badan POM. Laporan Tahunan 2020 Balai Besar POM Di Bandar Lampung. 2021.
  20. Monica E, Rega Prilianti K, Lestar I, Caesarika E. Pemanfaatan Sistem Informasi Geografis untuk Analisa Pola Distribusi Apotek di Kota dan Kabupaten Malang. JMPF. 2022;12(3):137-152. doi:10.22146/jmpf.67445
  21. Tew MM, Hatah E, Arif F, Abdul Wahid MA, Makmor-Bakry M, Abdul Maulad KN. Geospatial analysis of distribution of community pharmacies and other health care facilities providing minor ailments services in Malaysia. J Pharm Policy Pract. 2021;14(1). doi:10.1186/s40545-021-00308-9
  22. Rafols I, Porter AL, Leydesdorff L. Science overlay maps: A new tool for research policy and library management. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 2010;61(9):1871-1887. doi:10.1002/asi.21368
  23. Deti Marlena HA. Sistem Informasi Geografis Letak Lokasi Rumah Sakit dan Apotek Kota Bengkulu Berbasis Android. Jurnal Media Infotama. Published online 2014.
  24. Rahayu F, Kristina SA, Lazuardi L. Analisis Spasial Dan Profil Pelayanan Kefarmasian Apotek Di Kabupaten Kebumen. 2023. http://etd.repository.ugm.ac.id/
  25. Monica E, Prilianti KR, Lestari I, Caesarika E. Pemanfaatan Sistem Informasi Geografis untuk Analisa Pola Distribusi Apotek di Kota dan Kabupaten Malang. Journal of Management and Pharmacy Practice. 2022;12(3):137. doi:10.22146/jmpf.67445
  26. Bates I, John C, Seegobin P, Bruno A. An analysis of the global pharmacy workforce capacity trends from 2006 to 2012. Hum Resour Health. 2018;16(1). doi:10.1186/s12960-018-0267-y
  27. Bates I, John C, Bruno A, Fu P, Aliabadi S. An analysis of the global pharmacy workforce capacity. Hum Resour Health. 2016;14(1). doi:10.1186/s12960-016-0158-z
  28. Standar Nasional Indonesia Tata Cara Perencanaan Lingkungan Perumahan di Perkotaan. Badan Standardisasi Nasional.
  29. International Phramaceutical Federation. Community Pharmacy at a Glance 2021.; 2021. Accessed May 29, 2024. www.fip.org
  30. Geofana A. GIS Application for Health Facility Coverage Mapping in Temanggung Regency, Central Java Province. Journal of Regional and Rural Development Planning. 2021;5(3):160-173. doi:10.29244/jp2wd.2021.5.3.160-173
  31. Kementrian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. Profil Kesehatan Indonesia 2020. 2021.
  32. Badan Pusat Statistik. Hasil Sensus Penduduk 2020. 2021.
  33. Faraco EB, Guimarães L, Anderson C, Leite SN. The Pharmacy Workforce in Public Primary Healthcare Centers: Promoting Access And InformationoOn Medicines. Pharm Pract (Granada). 2020;18(4):1-7. doi:10.18549/PharmPract.2020.4.2048
  34. Bates Ian, Meilianti Sherly, John Christopher, Bader LR, Fédération internationale pharmaceutique. Pharmacy Workforce Intelligence : Global Trends Report. International Pharmaceutical Federation; 2018.
  35. Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan No 73 Tahun 2016 Tentang Standar Pelayanan Kefarmasian Di Apotek. 2016.
  36. Todd A, Copeland A, Husband A, Kasim A, Bambra C. The Positive Pharmacy Care Law: An Area-Level Analysis of The Relationship Between Community Pharmacy Distribution, Urbanity and Social Deprivation in England. BMJ Open. 2014;4(11). doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2014



DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jmpf.83082

Article Metrics

Abstract views : 1830 | views : 578

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2024 JURNAL MANAJEMEN DAN PELAYANAN FARMASI (Journal of Management and Pharmacy Practice)

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

©Jurnal Manajemen dan Pelayanan Farmasi
Faculty of Pharmacy
Universitas Gadjah Mada
Creative Commons License
View My Stats