MODEL TEMAN APOTEKER: ALTERNATIF MODEL INTERVENSI APOTEKER BAGI PASIEN TUBERKULOSIS

https://doi.org/10.22146/jmpf.350

Nanang Munif Yasin(1*), Djoko Wahyono(2), Bambang Sigit Riyanto(3), Ika Puspitasari(4)

(1) Fakultas Farmasi, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta
(2) Fakultas Farmasi, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta
(3) RSUP Dr. Sardjito, Yogyakarta
(4) Fakultas Farmasi, Universitas Gadjah Mada
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


Tingginya prevalensi tuberkulosis (TB) di Indonesia memerlukan keterlibatan apoteker dalam pelayanan pasien TB. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi jenis pelayanan TB, mengembangkan model intervensi, dan mengembangkan tools dan rencana intervensi apoteker bagi pasien TB.   Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian observasional yang terdiri dari tiga tahapan  yaitu focus grup discussion (FGD), pengembangan model intervensi, dan pengembangan tools dan rencana model intervensi apoteker. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah panduan FGD dan kuesioner pelayanan TB. FGD membahas pelayanan pada pasien TB dan dihadiri oleh apoteker dan programmer TB di puskesmas dan Rumah Sakit Khusus Paru Respira di Yogyakarta. Data FGD didukung oleh hasil kuesioner yang diisi sebelum FGD. Pengembangan  model intervensi terdiri dari tahap identifikasi kebutuhan pharmaceutical care, penentuan outcome, dan kompilasi akhir model intervensi apoteker. Pengembangan tools model intervensi apoteker berbasis berbagai literatur dan hasilnya dievaluasi oleh pakar.  Data penelitian dianalis secara deskriptif dan analisis kualitatif. Hasil FGD dan kuesioner menunjukkan bahwa keterlibatan apoteker masih terbatas dan hanya  4 (21%) yang pernah mendapatkan pelatihan TB. Semua petugas TB sudah melakukan edukasi namun materi yang diberikan sangat beragam dan belum terstruktur. Sebanyak 15 (78,9%) apoteker melakukan monitoring efek samping, 10 (52,6%) monitoring interaksi obat,  10 (52,6%) monitoring respon klinik,   16 (84,2 %)  monitoring kepatuhan pasien, 2 (10,5%) melakukan home care dan 18 (94,7%) telah berbagi peran dengan perawat. Melalui formulasi hasil studi pustaka, studi pendahuluan, dan FGD diperoleh rekomendasi bahwa peran apoteker dalam pelayanan TB dapat ditingkatkan melalui model intervensi yang mencakup 5 aspek penting yaitu training, education, monitoring, adherence, dan networking yang disingkat TEMAN Apoteker. Selanjutnya Model TEMAN Apoteker diterjemahkan dan dijabarkan dalam 6 bentuk tools yaitu modul, booklet, leaflet, poster, buku panduan pelaksanaan dan lembar dokumentasi pharmaceutical care. Model TEMAN Apoteker yang komprehensif dapat menjadi alternatif model intervensi dalam meningkatkan peran apoteker pada pelayanan pasien TB.

Keywords


tuberkulosis; TEMAN Apoteker; intervensi; apoteker; tuberculosis; TEMAN Apoteker; pharmaceutical care; intervention; pharmacists



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DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jmpf.350

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