Pengaruh Aktivitas Fisik terhadap Penurunan Berat Badan dan Tingkat Kolesterol pada Orang dengan Obesitas: Literature Review

https://doi.org/10.22146/jkkk.60362

Aziz Ar Rafiq(1*), Sutono Sutono(2), Anggi Lukman Wicaksana(3)

(1) Program Studi Ilmu Keperawatan, Fakultas Kedokteran, Kesehatan Masyarakat, dan Keperawatan, Universitas Gadjah Mada
(2) Departemen Keperawatan Dasar dan Emergensi, Fakultas Kedokteran, Kesehatan Masyarakat, dan Keperawatan, Universitas Gadjah Mada
(3) Departemen Keperawatan Medikal Bedah, Fakultas Kedokteran, Kesehatan Masyarakat, dan Keperawatan, Universitas Gadjah Mada
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


ABSTRACT

Background: Obesity is a complex condition, has many risk factors, but it can be prevented. People with obesity have high cholesterol levels and often have difficulty in losing weight. Moreover, physical exercise has vital role for reducing weight for people with obesity, since physical exercise affects one third of body’s energi expenditure.
Objective: To review the effect of physical exercise on weight loss and cholesterol levels in obese people.
Methods: Three electronic data sources, namely Scopus, PubMed, and Science Direct were explored for literature search. PICO was used along with few keywords i.e., obesity, physical activity or physical exercise or exercise, weight, and cholesterol. The search was resulted in seven literatures that matched the inclusion criteria, namely published on electronic data sources between 2008 to 2018, quantitative research, using population of people with obesity aged 20-60 years, English language literature and available in full text. The selected literatures were analyzed by descriptive narrative method and data extraction.
Results: These literatures consisted of two case study and five randomized-controlled trial method. According to literature review, physical activity influenced weight loss and cholesterol levels. Physical activity was ranging form moderate intensity exercise, walking, aerobic to endurance training programs.
Conclusion: Physical exercise influences on weight loss and cholesterol level in people with obesity. Furthermore, it gives positive influence toward body condition, such as improving metabolism, quality of life, self efficacy, and cardiorespiratory fitness.

Keywords: cholesterol, obesity, physical activity

 

ABSTRAK

Latar belakang: Obesitas merupakan suatu keadaan yang kompleks dan memiliki banyak faktor risiko, tetapi besar kemungkinannya untuk dicegah. Orang dengan obesitas memiliki tingkat kolesterol yang tinggi dan sering mengalami kesulitan dalam menurunkan berat badan. Aktivitas fisik memiliki peran penting bagi orang yang mengalami obesitas untuk menurunkan berat badan, karena satu pertiga pengeluaran energi tubuh dihasilkan melalui aktivitas fisik.
Tujuan: Mengulas pengaruh aktivitas fisik terhadap penurunan berat badan dan tingkat kolesterol pada orang dengan obesitas.
Metode: Pencarian literatur dilakukan di tiga sumber data elektronik, yaitu Scopus, PubMed, dan Science Direct. Pencarian tersebut menggunakan PICO dengan kata kunci obesity, physical activity atau physical exercise atau exercise, weight dan cholesterol. Dari pencarian tersebut ditemukan 7 literatur yang sesuai dengan kriteria inklusi, yaitu literatur terbit pada sumber data elektronik dari tahun 2008 hingga 2018, merupakan jenis penelitian kuantitatif, dengan populasi orang obesitas berusia 20-60 tahun, literatur berbahasa Inggris dan tersedia dalam teks lengkap. Literatur terpilih selanjutnya dianalisis dengan metode naratif deskriptif dan dilakukan ekstraksi data.
Hasil: Tujuh literatur terpilih terbagi menjadi dua literatur studi kasus dan lima literatur uji acak terkendali. Hasil dari tujuh literatur tersebut yaitu bahwa aktivitas fisik memiliki pengaruh terhadap penurunan berat badan dan tingkat kolesterol. Aktivitas fisik yang dilakukan bervariasi, mulai dari latihan intensitas sedang, jalan kaki, aerobik, hingga program latihan ketahanan.
Kesimpulan: Aktivitas fisik memiliki pengaruh terhadap penurunan berat badan dan tingkat kolesterol pada orang dengan obesitas. Aktivitas fisik dapat menimbulkan pengaruh yang baik terhadap tubuh, yaitu memperbaiki metabolisme tubuh, meningkatkan kualitas hidup, meningkatkan efikasi diri dan meningkatkan kebugaran kardiorespirasi.

Kata kunci: aktivitas fisik, kolesterol, obesitas

 


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DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jkkk.60362

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