Potensi Biomasa dan Simpanan Karbon Jenis-jenis Tanaman Berkayu di Hutan Rakyat Desa Nglanggeran, Gunungkidul, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta

https://doi.org/10.22146/jik.5778

Ris Hadi Purwanto(1*), Rohman Rohman(2), Ahmad Maryudi(3), Teguh Yuwono(4), Dwiko Budi Permadi(5), Makmun Sanjaya(6)

(1) Bagian Manajemen Hutan, Fakultas Kehutanan, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta
(2) Bagian Manajemen Hutan, Fakultas Kehutanan, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta
(3) Bagian Manajemen Hutan, Fakultas Kehutanan, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta
(4) Bagian Manajemen Hutan, Fakultas Kehutanan, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta
(5) Bagian Manajemen Hutan, Fakultas Kehutanan, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta
(6) Alumni Fakultas Kehutanan, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


Selain menghasilkan kayu perkakas dan kayu bakar, hutan rakyat sebagaimana hutan pada umumnya juga berfungsi sebagai penyimpan karbon, sehingga memainkan peran yang sangat penting di dalam siklus karbon global (the global carbon cycle). Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk (a) mengetahui jenis-jenis tanaman berkayu mulai dari tingkat tiang (poles: D = 10 cm) di hutan rakyat Desa Nglanggeran, (b) mengetahui karakteristik pertumbuhan tanaman berkayu penyusun hutan rakyat meliputi pertumbuhan diameter batang setinggi dada, tinggi, kerapatan pohon dan luas bidang dasarnya, dan (c) mengetahui kandungan biomasa dan karbon. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan ada 25 jenis tanaman berkayu yang ditanam dan dikembangkan oleh masyarakat petani hutan rakyat di Desa Nglanggeran yang sebagian besar menanam dan mengembangkan jenis tanaman mahoni. Rata-rata diameter batang setinggi dada untuk jenis-jenis tanaman berkayu mulai tingkat tiang (poles: dbh = 10 cm) adalah 20,8 cm (kisaran: 17,0 - 27,3 cm), dan tinggi rata-rata 15,0 cm (kisaran: 11,6 - 20,6 cm). Jumlah pohon per hektar 162 pohon yang terdiri dari jenis mahoni (67 pohon/ha), akasia (38 pohon/ha), sonokeling (25 pohon/ha), jati (9 pohon/ha), sengon (3 pohon/ha) dan jenis lainnnya (20 pohon/ha). Rata-rata luas bidang dasar 4,918 m2 /ha. Rata-rata simpanan biomasa sebesar 38,106 ton/ha yang terdiri dari jenis mahoni 23,119 ton/ha, akasia 7,036 ton/ha, sonokeling 3,440 ton/ha, jati 1,614 ton/ha, sengon 0,464 ton/ha dan jenis lainnya 2,434 ton/ha. Bila diasumsikan 50 % berat biomasa adalah karbon maka rata-rata simpanan karbon di hutan rakyat Desa Nglanggeran sebesar 19,053 ton/ha yang terdiri dari jenis mahoni 11,560 ton/ha, akasia 3,518 ton/ha, sonokeling 1,720 ton/ha, jati 0,807 ton/ha, sengon 0,232 ton/ha dan jenis lainnya 1,217 ton/ha. Penelitian tentang potensi biomasa dan simpanan karbon hutan di hutan rakyat memberi peluang hutan rakyat dalam menyambut era perdagangan karbon.

Katakunci: potensi biomasa, simpanan karbon, jenis-jenis tanaman berkayu, hutan rakyat

 

Biomass Potentials and Carbon Storage of Wooden Plants in the Community Forest of Nglanggeran Village, Gunungkidul Regency, Yogyakarta

Abstract

Community forests, like any other forests, do not only produce timber and fire-woods but they also function as carbon storage, and therefor they play a very important role in the global carbon cycle. This research aims were (a) determining the types of perennial woods (diameter at breast height, D = 10 cm which grown on community forest of Ngalaggeran Village, (b) determining the growth characteristics of vegetations which make up the community forest, including diameter at breast height, height of trees, tree density and basal area, and (c) determining the biomass and carbon storage in the community forests of Nglanggeran Village.The research used the allometric method to assess the biomass of mahagony, acacia, sonokeling, teak, sengon and the others. The research result showed that there were 25 species of perennial woods, which cultivated by the community forest’s farmers in Nglanggeran Village, most of which is mahagony. The average of stem diameter at breast was 20.8 cm (range between 17.0 and 27.3 cm), and the average height was 15.0 cm (range between 11.6 and 20.6 cm). The tree density per hectare was 162, consisting mostly of mahagony (67 trees per hectare) acacia (38 trees per hectare), sonokeling (25 trees per hectare), teak (9 trees per hectare), sengon (3 trees per hectare) and the others (20 trees per hectare). The average of basal area was 4.918 m2 per hectare. The average biomass was 38.106 tons per hectare which include mahagony 23.119 tons per hectare, acacia 7.036 tons per hectare, sonokeling 3.440 tons per hectare, teak 1.614 tons per hectare, sengon 0.464 ton per hectare and others 2.434 tons per hectare. If it is assumed that 50% of biomass weight is carbon, then the average carbon storage at Nglanggeran Village community forest is 19.053 tons per hectare, which include mahagony 11.560 tons per hectare, and the others 1.217 tons per hectare. The research about forest biomass and carbon stock in a community forest provides a chance of the community forest in preparing to face the carbon trading era.


Keywords


biomass and carbon storage; perennial woods; community forest

Full Text:

PDF


References

  1. Anonim 2010a. Strategi nasional REDD+. Revisi tanggal 23 September 2010. Bappenas-Kemenhut-UN-REDD Programme Indonesia. Jakarta.
  2. Anonim 2010b. Pedoman pengukuran karbon untuk mendukung penerapan REDD+ di Indonesia. Tim Perubahan Iklim Badan Litbang Kehutanan. Jakarta.
  3. Arief A. 2001. Hutan & Kehutanan. Kanisius. Yogyakarta.
  4. Awang SA, W. Andayani W, Himmah B, Widayanti WT, Affianto A. 2002. Hutan Rakyat Sosial Ekonomi dan Pemasaran. Yogyakarta : BPFE.
  5. Azhim MT & Purwanto RH. 2007. Penaksiran kandungan karbon pada hutan rakyat jenis sengon. Skripsi S1 (tidak dipublikasikan). Jurusan Manajemen Hutan Fakultas Kehutanan, Universitas Gadjah Mada. Yogyakarta.
  6. Badriyah N & Purwanto RH. 2008. Penaksiran potensi kandungan karbon jenis mahoni di hutan rakyat Desa Jatimulyo, Kec. Jatipuro, Kab. Karanganyar. Skripsi S1 (tidak dipublikasikan). Fakultas Kehutanan UGM.
  7. Brown S, Gillespie AJR & Lugo AE. 1984. Biomass estimation methods for tropical forests with applications to forest inventory data. For. Sci. 35(4): 881-902.
  8. Choirudin & Purwanto RH. 2009. Inventori kandungan karbon pada hutan rakyat jenis akasia (Acacia auriculiformis) dan peluangnya dalam perdangan karbon (kasus di Desa Nglanggeran, Kab. Gunung Kidul, DIY). Skripsi S1 (tidak dipublikasikan). Fakultas Kehutanan UGM.
  9. Coomes DA, Allen RB, Scott NA, Goulding C & Beets P. 2002. Designing systems to monitor carbon stocks in forests and shrub-lands. For. Ecol. Manage. 164: 89-108.
  10. Freedman B. 1989. Environmental ecology. Academic Press, San Diego, CA. 424 pp.
  11. Freedman B, Meth, F & Hickman C. 1992. Temperate forest as a carbon-storage reservoir for carbon dioxide emitted by coal-fired generating stations. A case study for New Brunswick, Canada. For. Ecol. Manage. 55: 15-29.
  12. Fukuda M, Iehara T & Matsumoto M. 2003. Carbon stock estimates for sugi and hinoki forests in Japan. For. Ecol. Manage. 1: 1-16.
  13. Heriansyah I. 2005. Potensi hutan tanaman indsutri dalam mensequester karbon : studi kasus di hutan tanaman akasia dan pinus. Inovasi Online, Vol.3/XVII/Maret 2005. PPI Jepang.
  14. Johnson WC & Sharpe DM. 1982. The ratio of total to merchantable forest biomass and its application to the global carbon budget. Can. J. For. Res. 13: 372-383.
  15. Jones. 1979. Topics in applied geography vegetation productivity. Longman London and New York.
  16. Kraenzel M, Castillo A, Moore T & Potvin C. 2003. Carbon storage of harvest-age teak (Tectona grandis) plantations, Panama. For. Ecol. Manage. 173: 213-225.
  17. Lodhiyal N & Lodhiyal LS. 2003. Biomass and net primary productivity of Bhabar Shisham forests in central Himalaya, India. For. Ecol. Manage. 176: 217-235.
  18. Martin JG, Kloeppel BD, Schaefer TL, Kimbler DL & McNutly SG, 1998. Aboveground Biomass and nitrogen allocation of ten deciduous Southern Appalachian tree species. J. For. Res. 28: 1648-1659.
  19. Meer PJ, Jorritsma ITM & Kramer K. 2002. Assessing climate change effects on long-term forest development: adjusting growth, phenology, and seed production in a gap model. For. Ecol. Manage. 162: 39-52.
  20. Ni J. 2003. Net primary productivity in forests of China: scaling-up of national inventory data and comparison with model predictions. For. Ecol. Manage. 176: 485-495.
  21. Ogawa H & Kira T. 1977. Methods of estimating forest biomass In Primary productivity of japanese forests: productivity of terrestrial communities. Shidei T & Kira T (eds.), Japanese Committee for the International Biological Program, University of Tokyo Press, Japan.
  22. Parresol BR. 1999. Assessing tree and stand biomass: A review with examples and critical comparisons. For. Sci. 45(4): 573-593.
  23. Rosmerita DT & Purwanto RH. 2008. Potensi hutan rakyat jenis sonokeling (Dalbergia latifolia) dalam mensequester karbon di Desa Nglanggeran, Kabupaten Gunung Kidul. Skripsi S1 (tidak dipublikasikan). Fakultas Kehutanan UGM.
  24. Sedjo R.1989. Forests to offset the greeenhouse effect. J. For., 87: 12-15 Schroeder P. 1992. Carbon storage potential of short rotation tropical tree plantations. For. Ecol. Manage. 50: 31-41.
  25. Silaban M & Purwanto RH. 2008. Potensi kandungan karbon pohon jati di hutan rakyat Desa Jatimulyo, Karanganyar. Skripsi S1 (tidak dipublikasikan). Fakultas Kehutanan UGM.
  26. Whittaker RH & Marks PL. 1975. Methods of assessing terrestrial productivity. Dalam Lieth H & Whittaker RH.(edisi), Primary productivity of the biosphere. Springer-Verlag, New York.



DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jik.5778

Article Metrics

Abstract views : 20716 | views : 59090

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Bookmark and Share


Copyright (c) 2012 Jurnal Ilmu Kehutanan

License URL: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/

© Editorial Board Jurnal Ilmu Kehutanan
Faculty of Forestry, Universitas Gadjah Mada
Building D 2nd floor
Jl. Agro No 1, Bulaksumur, Sleman 55281
Phone. +62-274-512102, +62-274-550541, +62-274-6491420
Fax. +62-274-550541 E-mail : jik@ugm.ac.id
former website : jurnal.ugm.ac.id/jikfkt/
new website : jurnal.ugm.ac.id/v3/jik/

 

Indexed by:

 

Jurnal Ilmu Kehutanan is under the license of Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International