Tingkat Kesamaan Acacia mangium, Acacia auriculiformis, dan Hibridnya Berdasarkan Sifat Anatomi Akar, Batang, dan Daun
Sri Sunarti(1*), Visda Fitriana(2), Suharyanto Suharyanto(3)
(1) Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Bioteknologi dan Pemuliaan Tanaman Hutan Jl. Palagan Tentara Pelajar KM 15 Purwobinangun, Pakem, Sleman
(2) Fakultas Biologi Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Teknika Selatan, Mlati, Sleman, 55281
(3) Fakultas Biologi Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Teknika Selatan, Mlati, Sleman, 55281
(*) Corresponding Author
Abstract
Persilangan antara Acacia mangium dan Acacia auriculiformis akan menghasilkan hibrid akasia, baik secara alami maupun buatan. Seperti induknya, jenis hibrid akasia dikembangkan untuk mendukung ketersediaan bahan baku industri pulp dan kertas. Secara morfologi, A. mangium, A. auriculiformis, dan hibridnya (A. mangium xA. auriculiformis) dapat dengan mudah dibedakan pada tingkat semai. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui tingkat kesamaan antara A. mangium, A. auriculiformis, dan hibridnya berdasarkan perbedaan struktur anatomi mikroskopis pada akar, batang/ranting dan daun (filodia). Sampel akar, batang/ranting, dan daun (filodia) dibuat preparat semi permanen menggunakan teknik free-hand dan hasilnya diamati dengan image raster dan leaf clearing. Parameter yang diamati adalah ukuran jaringan penyusun akar, batang/ranting, dan daun(filodia) serta hubungan kekerabatan antara A. mangium, A. auriculiformis, dan hibridnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa antara A. mangium dan A. auriculiformis mempunyai tingkat kesamaan sebesar 55,26% dan hibrid A. mangium xA. auriculiformis mempunyai tingkat kesamaan dengan induk betina (A. mangium) lebih besar dibandingkan dengan induk jantan (A. auriculiformis), yaitu berturut-turut sebesar 60,53%-65,78% dan 52,63%-63,16%. Hibrid vigor mempunyai kekerabatan lebih dekat dengan hibrid intermediet dibandingkan dengan hibrid inferior, yaitu berturut-turut sebesar 78,95% dan 68,42%. Kemungkinan untuk mendapatkan hibrid unggul dengan persilangan dapat ditingkatkan dengan memilih pohon induk betina yang lebih unggul.
Similarity Index among Acacia mangium, Acacia auriculiformis, and its Hybrid Based on the Anatomical Properties of Root, Stem, and Leaf
AbstractCrossing between Acacia mangium and Acacia auriculiformis will result Acacia hybrid whether naturally or artificially. Acacia hybrid, as its parents, was developed to support pulp and paper industries. Morphological characteristics of leaves among A. mangium, A. auriculiformis, and its hybrid (A. mangium x A. auriculifomris) were easily differentiated on nursery stage. This study was done to observe the anatomy of root, stem, and leaves of A. mangium, A. auriculiformis, and its hybrid for assessing their similarity. The samples of leaves, stems, and roots were made into semi-permanent object using freehand technique then the results were assessed using an image-raster and leaf clearing. The observed parameters were the anatomical structure in the root, stem, and leaves tissues as well as similarity index among A. mangium, A. auriculiformis, and its hybrid. The result showed that the similarity between A, mangium and A. auriculiformis was 55.26% and its hybrid were closer to A. mangium than A. auriculiformis with similarity index of 60.53%-65.78% and 52.63%-63-16%, respectively. Hybrid vigour showed a closer similarity to intermediate hybrid than inferior hybrid with similarity index of 78.95% and 68.42%. It is a great probability to obtain hybrid vigour by selecting good mother-trees due to the similarity index between hybrid and its mother tree.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Arif N, Sunarti S, Praptoyo H. 2017. Wood anatomical structure of tropical Acacias and its implication to the tree breeding. International Journal of Horticultura 3(3):9-16.
Carpenter KJ. 2005. Stomatal architecture and evolution in basal angiospermae. American Journal of Botany 92(10):1595-1615.
Combalicer MS, Lee DK, Woo SY, Hyun JO, Park YD, Lee YK, Combalicer EA, Tolentino EL. 2012. Physiological characteristic of Acacia auriculiformis A. Cunn. Ex Benth, Acacia mangium Willd. and Pterocarpus indicus Willd. In the La Mess watershed and Mt. Makiling, Philippines. Journal of Environmental Science and Management, Special Issue No. 1,14-28.
Fahn A. 1995. Plant anatomy. Soediarto A, Koesoemaningrat T, Matasaputra M, Akmal H, penerjemah. Gadjah Mada University Press, Yogyakarta.
Graham LE, Graham JM, Wilcox LW. 2003. Plant biology. Hlm. 191. Pearson Education Linch, New Jersey.
Herr JM Jr. 1993. Clearing technique for the study of vascular plant tissues in whole structures and thick section. Hlm. 63-84. Dalam Goldman CA, Hauta PL, O'Donnell, Adrew SE, Heiden R, editor. Tested studies for laboratory teaching. Columbia.
Haryudin W, Syukur C, Nuryani Y. 2002. Tingkat kesamaan tanaman nilam hasil fusi protoplas berdasarkan morfologi dan anatomi daun. Jurnal Biologi Indonesia 3(4):332-339.
Ibrahim Z, Awang K. 1991. Flowering and fruiting phenology of Acacia mangium and Acacia auriculiformis in Peninsular Malaysia. Dalam Carron LT, Aken KM, editor. Breeding technologies for tropical Acacias. Proceedings of an international workshop, Malaysia.
Ibrahim Z. 1993. Reproductive biology. DalamAwang K, Taylor D, editor. Acacia mangium growing and utilization. Winrock International and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Bangkok.
Kato K, Yamaguchi S, Chigira O, Hanaoka S. 2014. Comparative study of reciprocal crossing for establishment of Acacia hybrid. Journal of Tropical Forest Science 24(2):469-483.
Kha LD, Harwood CE, Kien ND. 2012. Growth and wood basic density of Acacia hybrid clones at three locations in Vietnam. New Forest 43:13-29.
Khalid I, Wahap R, Sulaiman O, Mohamed A, Tabet T, Alamjuri RH. 2010. Enhancing colour appearances of 15 cultivated 15 year old Acacia hybrids through heat treatment process. International Journal of Biology2(2):199-209.
Loveless K. 1989. Principles of plant biology for tropical region. Kartawinata K, animiharja S, Soetisna U, penerjemah. Gramedia, Jakarta.
Oktarisna FA, Soegianto A, Sugiharto AN. 2013. Pola pewarisan sifat warna polong pada hasil persilangan tanaman buncis (Phasaolus vulgaris L.) varietas introduksi dengan varietas lokas. Jurnal Produksi Tanaman1(2):81-89.
Raven PH, Evert RF, Eichhorn SE. 2005. Biology of plant. WH Freeman & Company Publiser, US. Rideng MI. 1986. Taksonomi tumbuhan biji. Departemen Pendidikan dan Budaya, Direktorat Jenderal Dikti Pengembangan Lembaga Pendidikan Tenaga Kependidikan, Jakarta.
Romesburg HC. 1984. Cluster analysis for researchers. Lifetime Learning Publication Belmant, California.
Rost TL, Barbour MG, Stocking CR, Murphy TM. 2006. Plant biology. Hlm.52. Thomson Brooks/Cole, US.
Sass JE. 1958. Botanical Microtechnique. Hlm. 91-98. The Iowa State University Press, Iowa.
Singh J, Michelangeli JAC, Gezan SA, Lee H, Vallejos E. 2017. Maternal effects on seed and seedling phenotypes in reciprocal F1 hybrids of the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Frontier Plant Science 8:42.
Sunarti S, Na'iem M, Hardiyanto EB, Indrioko S. 2013. Breeding strategy of Acacia hybrid (A. mangiumxA. auriculiformis) to increase forest production in Indonesia. Journal of Tropical Forest Management 9(2):128-137
Sunarti S. 2013. Strategi pemuliaan hibrid Acacia (A. mangium x A. auriculiformis). Disertasi (tidak dipublikasikan). Fakultas Kehutanan. Universitas Gadjah Mada.
Suryo. 2005. Sitogenetika. Gadjah Mada University Press, Yogyakarta.
Tjitrosoepomo G. 1996. Morfologi tumbuhan. Gadjah Mada University Press, Yogyakarta.
Tjitrosoepomo G. 1998. Taksonomi umum: Dasar dasar taksonomi tumbuhan. Gadjah Mada University Press, Yogyakarta.
Widyatmoko AYPBC, Watanabe A, Shiraishi S. 2010. Study on genetic variation and relationships among Acacia species using RAPPD and SSCP. Journal of Forestry Research 7(2):125-143.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jik.40160
Article Metrics
Abstract views : 18464 | views : 83737Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2018 Jurnal Ilmu Kehutanan
License URL: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
© Editorial Board Jurnal Ilmu Kehutanan
Faculty of Forestry, Universitas Gadjah Mada
Building D 2nd floor
Jl. Agro No 1, Bulaksumur, Sleman 55281
Phone. +62-274-512102, +62-274-550541, +62-274-6491420
Fax. +62-274-550541 E-mail : jik@ugm.ac.id
former website : jurnal.ugm.ac.id/jikfkt/
new website : jurnal.ugm.ac.id/v3/jik/
Indexed by:
Jurnal Ilmu Kehutanan is under the license of Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International