* Corresponding Author
Tipologi dan Kerawanan Korupsi Sektor Kehutanan di Indonesia
https://doi.org/10.22146/jik.28278 Eko Novi Setiawan(1*), Ahmad Maryudi(2), Gabriel Lele(3)
(1) Ditjen Penegakan Hukum, Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan, Jl. Gatot Subroto, Senayan, Jakarta 10207
(2) Departemen Manajemen Hutan, Fakultas Kehutanan, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Agro No. 1, Bulaksumur, Sleman, 55281
(3) Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Sosio Yustitia, Bulaksumur, Sleman, 55281
(*) Corresponding Author
Abstract
Diindikasikan bahwa tingginya laju kerusakan hutan di Indonesia ada kaitannya dengan tingkat korupsi yang tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi tipologi dan kerawanan korupsi sektor kehutanan di Indonesia. Sejak tahun 2001 sampai dengan 2015, sebanyak 39 pelaku korupsi sektor kehutanan yang terdiri dari anggota DPR, pejabat Kementerian Kehutanan, Kepala Daerah (Gubernur/Bupati/Kepala Dinas) serta pengusaha, telah diproses hukum dan mendapatkan vonis dari pengadilan. Terdapat 6 (enam) tipologi korupsi sektor kehutanan di Indonesia yaitu: 1) korupsi transaksional, 2) pemerasan, 3) investasi untuk korupsi, 4) nepotisme, 5) korupsi untuk bertahan, dan 6) korupsi untuk mendapatkan dukungan. Penelitian ini menemukan 4 bentuk kerawanan korupsi sektor kehutanan yaitu: 1) proses perijinan, 2) pengawasan 3) proses tata ruang kehutanan, dan 4) pengadaan barang dan jasa kehutanan.
Kata kunci: deforestasi; kehutanan Indonesia; kerawanan korupsi; korupsi; tipologi korupsi
The Typology and Corruption Susceptibility in Forestry Sector in Indonesia
Abstract
It is widely indicated that the high rates of deforestation in Indonesia are closely linked with the high corruption. This research aimed to identify the typologies and the potential of occurence of corruption in the forest sector in Indonesia. From 2001 to 2015, thirty nine corruptors have been brought to the courts and eventually sentenced. They included parliament members, high-rank forest officials, local government (Governor/Mayor/Chief of District Forest Service), and business persons. This research found six typologies of corruption in the forest sector in Indonesia, i.e. 1) transactive corruption, 2) extortive corruption, 3) investive corruption, 4) nepotistic corruption), 5) defensive corruption, and 6) supportive corruption. It also identified four forest activities that potentially encourage corruption, i.e. 1) licensing, 2) monitoring, 3) spatial planning, and 4) public procurement.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jik.28278
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