Studi Mutu Kayu Jati di Hutan Rakyat Gunungkidul. V. Sifat Kimia Kayu

https://doi.org/10.22146/jik.16511

Ganis Lukmandaru(1*), Arsyi Rahman Mohammad(2), Pito Wargono(3), Vendy Eko Prasetyo(4)

(1) Departemen Teknologi Hasil Hutan, Fakultas Kehutanan, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Agro No. 1, Bulaksumur, Sleman, 55281
(2) Departemen Teknologi Hasil Hutan, Fakultas Kehutanan, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Agro No. 1, Bulaksumur, Sleman, 55281
(3) Departemen Teknologi Hasil Hutan, Fakultas Kehutanan, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Agro No. 1, Bulaksumur, Sleman, 55281
(4) Departemen Teknologi Hasil Hutan, Fakultas Kehutanan, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Agro No. 1, Bulaksumur, Sleman, 55281
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi sifat kimia kayu jati dari hutan rakyat Kabupaten Gunungkidul. Pohon (dbh 28-37 cm) diambil dari tempat tumbuh berbeda yaitu Nglipar, Panggang, dan Playen. Setiap tempat diambil 3 pohon sebagai ulangan dan sampel yang digunakan adalah disk yang diambil dari bagian pangkal. Penampang radial disk dibagi menjadi 3 bagian, yaitu gubal, teras luar, dan teras dalam. Sifat kimia yang diuji adalah kadar holoselulosa, á-selulosa, hemiselulosa, lignin, ekstraktif etanol-toluena, kelarutan dalam air panas, kelarutan dalam NaOH 1%, dan abu. Sebagai pembanding, digunakan kayu jati dewasa dari tegakan Randublatung (Perhutani). Kisaran nilai kimia dari komponen dinding sel kayu jati Gunungkidul adalah kadar holoselulosa 75,76-79,74%, á-selulosa 46,72-50,90%, hemiselulosa 27,41-30,14%, lignin 29,22-32,80%, dan kelarutan dalam NaOH 1% sebesar 16,43-17,35%. Selanjutnya, kadar ekstraktif etanol-toluena, kelarutan dalam air panas, dan abu adalah 5,04-10,77%, 2,74-7,85%, dan 0,60-1,66%, secara berurutan. Interaksi antara kedua faktor berpengaruh nyata pada kadar holoselulosa, á-selulosa, hemiselulosa, dan ekstraktif etanol-toluena. Faktor tempat tumbuh berpengaruh nyata pada kadar abu sedangkan faktor radial berpengaruh nyata pada kadar kelarutan dalam air panas dan abu. Kayu jati dari Gunungkidul memberikan nilai rerata kadar ekstraktif etanol-toluena dan abu yang lebih rendah sedangkan nilai di parameter lainnya masih dalam kisaran nilai kayu jati dari Randublatung.

Kata kunci: Tectona grandis, sifat kimia, hutan rakyat, arah radial, Gunungkidul

 

A Study of Teak Wood Quality from Community Forests in Gunungkidul. V.Wood Chemical Properties

Abstract

This study aimed to explore the chemical properties of teak wood grown in community forests from Gunungkidul Regency. Trees (dbh 28-37 cm) were selected from three different sites i.e. Nglipar, Panggang, and Playen. Three trees were cut from each site and disks were taken from the base of the trees. The disk in radial cross section was divided into 3 parts: sapwood, outer heartwood, and inner heartwood. Chemical properties tested were holocellulose, á-cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, ethanol-toluene extractives, hot-water soluble extractives, solubility in NaOH 1%, and ash contents. Mature teakwoods from Randublatung (Perhutani plantation) were used for comparison purpose.The values range of chemical composition in the cell wall components of the Gunungkidul teak wood were holocellulose content 75.76-79.74%, , á-cellulose content 46.72-50.90%, hemicellulose content 27.41-30.14%, lignin content 29.22-32.80%, and solubility in NaOH 1% 16.43-17.35%. Further, the ethanol-toluene extractive, hot-water soluble, and ash content values ranged from 5.04 to 10.77%, 2.74-7.85%, and 0.60-1.66%, consecutively. Interaction between two factors affects significantly to holocellulose, á-cellulose, hemicellulose, and ethanol-toluene extractive contents. The growth-site significantly influence on the ash contents as radial factor has significantly affect on the levels of hot water soluble extractives and ash content. The amounts of ethanol-toluene extractive and ash contents of Gunungkidul teak wood showed the lower values than those of teak from Randublatung. The values of other parameters were remain in the range of value of teak from Randublatung. 


Keywords


Tectona grandis; chemical properties; community forest; radial direction; Gunungkidul

Full Text:

PDF


References

  1. Abdurachman & Hadjib N. 2006. Pemanfaatan kayu hutan rakyat untuk komponen bangunan. Prosiding Seminar Hasil Litbang Hasil Hutan. 150-148.
  2. American Society for Testing and Materials. 2002. Annual Book of ASTM Standards. Section Four Construction Volume 04.10 Wood. West Conshohocken, PA.
  3. Badan Pusat Statisik Kabupaten Gunungkidul. 2013. Gunungkidul dalam Angka 2012. Badan Pusat Statisik Kabupaten Gunungkidul. 225.
  4. Bárcenas-Pazos G, Velázquez-Morales P, & Dávalos-Sotelo R. 2000. Effect of lignin content on shrinkage of four Mexican woods. Holzforschung 54, 541-543.
  5. Bhat KM, Thulasidas PK, Florence EJM, & Jayaraman K. 2005. Wood durability of home-garden teak against brown-rot and white-rot fungi. Trees 19, 654-660.
  6. Browning BL. 1967. Methods of Wood Cemistry Vol.II. Interscience Publishers, A Division of John Wiley and Sons, Inc. New York.
  7. Curling SF, Clausen CA, & Winandy JE. 2002. Relationships between mechanical properties, weight loss, and chemical composition of wood during incipient brown-rot decay. Forest Product Journal 52, 34-39.
  8. Da Costa EWB, Rudman P, & Gay FJ.1958. Investigations on the durability of Tectona grandis. Empirical Forestry Review 37, 291-298.
  9. Fengel D & Wegener G. 1995. Kayu : Kimia, Ultrastruktur, Reaksi-reaksi. Gadjah Mada University Press (terjemahan). Yogyakarta.
  10. Haupt M, Leithoff H, Meier D, Puls J, Richter HG, & Faix O. 2003. Heartwood extractives and natural durability of plantation-grown teakwood (Tectona grandis L.f) - A case study. Holz als Roh- und Werkstoff 61, 473-474.
  11. Kajornsrichon S & Lauridsen EB. 1998. Heartwood,calcium and silica content in five provenances of teak (Tectona grandis L.f.). Silvae Genetica 48, 1-3.
  12. Kanazawa H, Nakagami T, Nobashi K, & Yokota T. 1978. Studies on the gluing of the wood. Articles XI. The effects of teak wood extractives on the curing reaction and the hydrolysis rate of the resin urea adhesive. Mokuzai gakkaishi 24, 55-59.
  13. Kollman FFP & Côté Jr WA. 1968. Principles of Wood Science and Technology. Solid Wood 1. Springer, Berlin. 55-56.
  14. Lukmandaru G. 2009. Pengukuran kadar ekstraktif dan sifat warna pada kayu teras jati doreng (Tectona grandis). Jurnal Ilmu Kehutanan 3(2), 67-73.
  15. Lukmandaru G. 2011. Komponen kimia kayu jati dengan pertumbuhan eksentris. Jurnal Ilmu Kehutanan 5(1), 21-29.
  16. Lukmandaru G. 2012. Chemotaxonomic study in the heartwood in the heartwood of Javanese teak – analysis of quinones and other related components. Wood Research Journal 3(1), 30-35.
  17. Martawijaya A, Kartasudjana I, Kadir K, & Amongprawira S. 1981. Atlas Kayu Indonesia Jilid I. Balai Penelitian Hasil Hutan. Badan Litbang Kehutanan. Bogor. 42-47.
  18. Marsoem SN. 2013. Studi mutu kayu jati di hutan rakyat Gunungkidul. I. Pengukuran laju pertumbuhan. Jurnal Ilmu Kehutanan 7, 108-122.
  19. Marsoem SN, Prasetyo VE, Sulistyo J, Sudaryono, & Lukmandaru G. 2014. Studi mutu kayu jati di hutan rakyat Gunungkidul. III. Sifat fisika kayu. Jurnal Ilmu Kehutanan 8, 76-88.
  20. Marsoem SN, Prasetyo VE, Sulistyo J, Sudaryono, & Lukmandaru G. 2015. Studi mutu kayu jati di hutan rakyat Gunungkidul. IV. Sifat mekanika kayu. Jurnal Ilmu Kehutanan 9, 117-127.
  21. Narayanamurti D, George J, Pant HC, & Singh J. 1962. Extractives in teak. Silvae Genetica 11(3), 57-63.
  22. Pereira H, Graca J, & Rodrigues JC. 2003. Wood chemistry in relation to quality. Dalam: Wood Quality and Its Biological Basic. Barnett RJ & Jeronimidis G. (Ed.). Blackwell Publishing Ltd. USA.
  23. Polato R, Laming PB, & Sierra-Alvarez R. 2005. Assessment of some wood characteristic of teak of Brazilian origin. Quality Timber Product of Teak from Sustainable Forest Management. 257 – 265.
  24. Rudman P, Da Costa EWB, & Gay FJ. 1966. Wood quality in plus trees of teak (Tectona grandis L. f.). Sylvae Genetica 16, 102-105.
  25. Sakuno T & Moredo C. 1998. Bonding properties of some tropical woods after solvent extraction. Proceeding of the Second International Wood Science Seminar. Serpong, Indonesia. 183-189.
  26. Shmulsky R & Jones PD. 2011. Forest Products and Wood Science: An Introduction, Sixth Edition. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
  27. Sjostrom E. 1998. Kimia Kayu: Dasar-Dasar Penggunaan. Gadjah Mada University Press (terjemahan). Yogyakarta.
  28. Syafi’i W. 2000. The basic properties of Indonesia teakwood at various age classes. Dalam: Proceedings of the 3rd International Wood Science Symposium JSPS-LIPI Core University Program in the field of Wood Science. 300-304. Technical Association for the Pulp and Paper Industries. 1992. TAPPI Test Method T 222 os-74. TAPPI Press. Atlanta.
  29. Usta M & Kara Z. 1997. The chemical composition of wood and bark of Cedrus libani A. Rich. Holz als Roh-und Werkstoff 55, 268.
  30. Wangaard FF. 1966. Resistance of wood to chemical degradation. Forest Product Journal 16(2), 53-64.
  31. Windeisen E, Klassen A, &Wegener G. 2003. On the chemical characterisation of plantation teakwood from Panama. Holz als Roh- und Werkstoff 61,416-418.



DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jik.16511

Article Metrics

Abstract views : 7564 | views : 25454

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Bookmark and Share


Copyright (c) 2016 Jurnal Ilmu Kehutanan

License URL: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/

© Editorial Board Jurnal Ilmu Kehutanan
Faculty of Forestry, Universitas Gadjah Mada
Building D 2nd floor
Jl. Agro No 1, Bulaksumur, Sleman 55281
Phone. +62-274-512102, +62-274-550541, +62-274-6491420
Fax. +62-274-550541 E-mail : jik@ugm.ac.id
former website : jurnal.ugm.ac.id/jikfkt/
new website : jurnal.ugm.ac.id/v3/jik/

 

Indexed by:

 

Jurnal Ilmu Kehutanan is under the license of Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International