Hambatan pemberian ASI ekslusif pada ibu bekerja: teori ekologi sosial

Rakhmawati Agustina; Yayi Suryo Prabandari; Toto Sudargo

doi:10.22146/ijcn.50155

Hambatan pemberian ASI ekslusif pada ibu bekerja: teori ekologi sosial

https://doi.org/10.22146/ijcn.50155

Rakhmawati Agustina^(1*), Yayi Suryo Prabandari⁽²⁾, Toto Sudargo⁽³⁾

(1) Program Studi S1 Gizi, STIKES Muhammadiyah Manado
(2) Departemen Perilaku Kesehatan, Lingkungan, dan Kedokteran Sosial, Fakultas Kedokteran, Kesehatan Masyarakat, dan Keperawatan, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta
(3) Departemen Gizi dan Kesehatan, Fakultas Kedokteran, Kesehatan Masyarakat, dan Keperawatan, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract

Obstacles of providing exclusive breastfeeding among working mothers using social-ecological theory

Background: The coverage of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) in Indonesia was increased to 38% but it was lower than the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) target (80%). One of the influence factors is to return to work. Society assumed that a mother who stays at home more successful to provide EBF than working mothers. A previous study indicated that some obstacles become early cessation factors among working mothers.

Objective: To explore the obstacle of breastfeeding using social-ecological theory.

Methods: Qualitative research inquiry based on phenomenology design. Informants were chosen through purposive sampling. Inclusion criteria were working mothers who succeeded provide exclusive breastfeeding, had children age 6-24 months, lived, and formally worked at Manado. Data triangulation was conducted through in-depth interviews with the manager/supervisor/colleague. Data collected using in-depth interviews and observation.

Results: A total of twelve informants have interviewed consists of six working mothers and six triangulation informants. The result indicated that lack of confidence was related to providing exclusive breastfeeding. This is caused by family influence, culture, health provider, and lack of awareness from the working place. A support group was the main factors that influence the mother to overcome all obstacles.

Conclusions: The main obstacles for working mothers to provide EBF come from interpersonal factors that determined by other factors: intrapersonal, organizational, community. Therefore working mothers need breastfeeding preparation since early pregnancy to decrease breastfeeding obstacles.

Keywords

exclusive breastfeeding; obtacles; social ecological theory; support group; working mothers

Full Text:

PDF

References

Kementerian Kesehatan RI. Profil kesehatan Indonesia 2015. Jakarta: Kemenkes RI; 2016.
Basrowi RW, Sulistomo AB, Adi NP, Vandenplas Y. Benefits of a dedicated breastfeeding facility and support program for exclusive breastfeeding among workers in Indonesia. Pediatr Gastroenterol Hepatol Nutr. 2015;18(2):94-9. doi: 10.5223/pghn.2015.18.2.94
Badan Pusat Statistik. Kota Manado dalam angka 2017. Manado: BPS Kota Manado; 2017.
Johnston ML, Esposito N. Barriers and facilitators for breastfeeding among working women in the United States. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs. 2007;36(1):9-20. doi: 10.1111/j.1552-6909.2006.00109.x
Ahluwalia IB, Morrow B, Hsia J. Why do women stop breastfeeding? findings from the pregnancy risk assessment and monitoring system. Pediatrics. 2005;116(6):1408-12. doi: 10.1542/peds.2005-0013
Hackman NM, Schaefer EW, Beiler JS, Rose CM, Paul IM. Breastfeeding outcome comparison by parity. Breastfeed Med. 2015;10(3):156-62. doi: 10.1089/bfm.2014.0119
Fitri A. Pengalaman pemberian ASI eksklusif pada wanita Aceh [Disertasi]. Yogyakarta: Universitas Gadjah Mada; 2015.
Mueffelmann RE, Racine EF, Warren-Findlow J, Coffman MJ. Perceived infant feeding preferences of significant family members and mothers’ intentions to exclusively breastfeed. J Hum Lact. 2015;31(3):479-89. doi: 10.1177/0890334414553941
Hedianti DA, Sumarmi MS, Muniroh L. Dukungan keluarga dan praktik pemberian ASI eksklusif di Puskesmas Pucang Sewu. Kendedes Midwifery Journal 2016;2(2).
Desmond D, Meaney S. A qualitative study investigating the barriers to returning to work for breastfeeding mothers in Ireland. Int Breastfeed J. 2016;11:16. doi: 10.1186/s13006-016-0075-8
Tsai SY. Impact of a breastfeeding-friendly workplace on an employed mother's intention to continue breastfeeding after returning to work. Breastfeed Med. 2013;8(2):210-6. doi: 10.1089/bfm.2012.0119
Schafer EJ, Campo S, Colaizy TT, Mulder PJ, Ashida S. Influence of experiences and perceptions related to breastfeeding one’s first child on breastfeeding initiation of second child. Matern Child Health J. 2017;21:1288-96. doi: 10.1007/s10995-016-2228-1
Fox R, McMullen S, Newburn M. UK women’s experiences of breastfeeding and additional breastfeeding support: a qualitative study of Baby Café services. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2015;15:147. doi: 10.1186/s12884-015-0581-5