Ekstraksi Deformasi Koseismik 2.5-D Menggunakan Data Multiple SAR Sentinel-1 (Studi Kasus Gempa Bumi Iran 14 November 2021)

Gani Mahendra; Hidayat Panuntun

doi:10.22146/jgise.78205

Ekstraksi Deformasi Koseismik 2.5-D Menggunakan Data Multiple SAR Sentinel-1 (Studi Kasus Gempa Bumi Iran 14 November 2021)

https://doi.org/10.22146/jgise.78205

Gani Mahendra^(1*), Hidayat Panuntun⁽²⁾

(1) Gadjah Mada University
(2) Gadjah Mada University
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract

Teknik Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) interferometri merupakan salah satu metode yang digunakan untuk pengamatan deformasi permukaan. Teknik SAR interferometri memiliki kelebihan yaitu dapat mengukur besarnya deformasi permukaan hingga satuan milimeter. Walaupun teknik SAR Interferometri memiliki kelebihan, teknik SAR interferometri tetap memiliki kekurangan yaitu hanya dapat memberikan informasi deformasi permukaan 1 dimensi (vertikal) saja. Kelemahan tersebut mengakibatkan teknik SAR interferometri sulit digunakan untuk membantu dalam proses interpretasi sumber dan mekanisme deformasi yang terjadi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk ekstraksi deformasi permukaan 2.5-D (2.5 Dimensi) akibat gempa bumi Iran 14 November 2021. Data yang digunakan untuk uji algoritma 2.5-D adalah citra SAR Sentinel-1 sebanyak 2 pasang citra. Citra tersebut adalah citra yang diakuisisi pada tanggal 13 November 2021 dan 19 November 2021. Citra SAR Sentinel-1A diolah menggunakan perangkat lunak GMTSAR dengan arah orbit ascending dan descending. Citra SAR Sentinel-1A yang sudah diolah menggunakan GMTSAR menghasilkan pergeseran permukaan tanah terhadap arah pandang satelit (Line of Sight). Hasil dari penelitian ini diketahui bahwa komponen horizontal terjadi pergeseran sebesar 200 mm ke arah barat. Pergeseran komponen vertikal mengalami kenaikan permukaan tanah sebesar 541 mm pada area utara dan penurunan permukaan tanah maksimal sebesar 231 mm pada area selatan. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, diketahui bahwa nilai pergeseran komponen vertikal lebih besar daripada komponen horizontal. Hal tersebut menunjukkan bahwa gempa bumi Iran 14 November 2021 diindikasikan disebabkan oleh aktivitas sesar dengan mekanisme sesar naik (thrust fault).

Keywords

SAR Interferometri, 2.5-D, GMTSAR, deformasi koseismik, gempa bumi Iran 2021

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jgise.78205