The Effect of Slope on the Infiltration Capacity and Erosion of Mount Merapi Slope Materials

https://doi.org/10.22146/jcef.58350

Adam Pamudji Rahardjo(1*), Anselma Diksita Prajna Duhita(2), Ani Hairani(3)

(1) Universitas Gadjah Mada
(2) Universitas Gadjah Mada
(3) Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


The infiltration on slopes has a specific behavior capable of being parameterized and one of the reasons is due to the ability of the slope to generate less ponding on the sloping soil surface. This, therefore, affects infiltration rate and surface runoff proportion of water from any kind of rainfall distribution and the tendency of the surface runoff to be higher usually leads to a higher erosion rate on the slope. Moreover, slope steepness is the most important parameter of a slope, and its effect at 36%, 47%, and 58% was tested on the infiltration capacity and erosion rate of Mt. Merapi bare slope material in a laboratory using a rainfall simulator. The rainfall intensity was set constant at a rate of 116.31 mm/hour while the infiltration rate was measured by the volumetric balance principle and the erosion rates by collecting the eroded grains at the downstream end flume. Furthermore, the infiltration capacity was evaluated using the Horton method by fitting the equation to the recorded infiltration rate data while the average erosion was through the eroded grain data for each test. The results obtained represent the relationship between slope steepness, the affected infiltration capacity, and erosion for each test, and the infiltration capacity was found to be decreasing in lower slope < 47% and increasing in a higher slope while the erosion rate was increasing between 7% and 15% for each 1% increase in the slope steepness. In addition, polynomial and linear equations were developed to express the relationship between these three indicates at the Mt. Merapi bare slope material.

Keywords


Slope Steepness; Infiltration Capacity; Erosion Rate; Rainfall Simulator; Mount Merapi Slope Materials

Full Text:

PDF


References

Ariesta, D., 2019. The Effect of Initial Groundwater Table and Rainfall Wetting Towards Slope Stability (Case Study of Landslide in Tangkil Hamlet, Banaran Village, Pulung Subdistrict, Ponorogo Regency). Journal of the Civil Engineering Forum, 5(2), p.149.

Assouline, S. and Ben-Hur, M., 2006. Effects of rainfall intensity and slope gradient on the dynamics of interrill erosion during soil surface sealing. Catena, 66(3), pp.211–220.

Bedient, P.B. and Huber, W.C., 1992. Hydrology and Floodplain Analysis . Addision.

De Bélizal, E., Lavigne, F., Hadmoko, D.S., Degeai, J.-P., Dipayana, G.A., Mutaqin, B.W., Marfai, M.A., Coquet, M., Le Mauff, B. and Robin, A.-K., 2013. Rain-triggered lahars following the 2010 eruption of Merapi volcano, Indonesia: A major risk. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 261, pp.330–347.

BNPB, 2016. Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Bencana [online].

Chaplot, V. and Le Bissonnais, Y., 2000. Field measurements of interrill erosion under different slopes and plot sizes. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms: The Journal of the British Geomorphological Research Group, 25(2), pp.145–153.

Christiansen, J.E., 1942. Irrigation by sprinkling. University of California Berkeley.

Ekwue, E.I. and Harrilal, A., 2010. Effect of soil type, peat, slope, compaction effort and their interactions on infiltration, runoff and raindrop erosion of some Trinidadian soils. Biosystems Engineering, 105(1), pp.112–118.

Farmer, E.E., 1971. Soil erosion by overland flow and raindrop splash on three mountain soils. Intermountain Forest & Range Experiment Station, Forest Service, US ….

Fathani, T.F., Syah, A. and Faris, F., 2019. A Numerical Analysis of Landslide Movements Considering the Erosion and Deposition along the Flow Path. Journal of the Civil Engineering Forum, 5(3), p.187.

Fox, D.M. and Bryan, R.B., 2000. The relationship of soil loss by interrill erosion to slope gradient. Catena, 38(3), pp.211–222.

Harto, S., 2000. Hidrologi. Nafiri Offset. Yogyakarta.

Horton, R.E., 1933. The role of infiltration in the hydrologic cycle. Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union, 14(1), pp.446–460.

Janeau, J.-L., Bricquet, J.-P., Planchon, O. and Valentin, C., 2003. Soil crusting and infiltration on steep slopes in northern Thailand. European Journal of Soil Science, 54(3), pp.543–554.

Jiang, F., Huang, Y., Wang, M., Lin, J., Zhao, G. and Ge, H., 2014. Effects of rainfall intensity and slope gradient on steep colluvial deposit erosion in southeast China. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 78(5), pp.1741–1752.

Jones, R., Thomas, R.E., Peakall, J. and Manville, V., 2017. Rainfall-runoff properties of tephra: Simulated effects of grain-size and antecedent rainfall. Geomorphology, 282, pp.39–51.

Joshi, V.U. and Tambe, D.T., 2010. Estimation of infiltration rate, run-off and sediment yield under simulated rainfall experiments in upper Pravara Basin, India: Effect of slope angle and grass-cover. Journal of earth system science, 119(6), p.763.

Lei, T., Pan, Y., Liu, H., Zhan, W. and Yuan, J., 2006. A run off-on-ponding method and models for the transient infiltration capability process of sloped soil surface under rainfall and erosion impacts. Journal of Hydrology, 319(1–4), pp.216–226.

Liu, H., Lei, T.W., Zhao, J., Yuan, C.P., Fan, Y.T. and Qu, L.Q., 2011. Effects of rainfall intensity and antecedent soil water content on soil infiltrability under rainfall conditions using the run off-on-out method. Journal of Hydrology, 396(1–2), pp.24–32.

Miedema, S.A., 2012. Constructing the Shields curve. Part A: Fundamentals of the sliding, rolling and lifting mechanisms for the entrainment of particles. J. Dredging Eng, 12(December), pp.1–49.

Mu, W., Yu, F., Li, C., Xie, Y., Tian, J., Liu, J. and Zhao, N., 2015. Effects of rainfall intensity and slope gradient on runoff and soil moisture content on different growing stages of spring maize. Water, 7(6), pp.2990–3008.

Ningsih, S. and Purnama, I.L.S., 2012. Kajian Laju Infiltrasi Tanah Dan Imbuhan Airtanah Lokal Sub DAS Gendol Pasca Erupsi Merapi 2010. Jurnal Bumi Indonesia, 1(2).

Prayuda, D.D., 2012. Temporal and spatial analysis of extreme rainfall on the slope area of Mt. Merapi. Civil Engineering Forum, XXI(September), pp.1285–1290.

Ran, Q., Wang, F., Li, P., Ye, S., Tang, H. and Gao, J., 2018. Effect of rainfall moving direction on surface flow and soil erosion processes on slopes with sealing. Journal of Hydrology, 567, pp.478–488.

Ribolzi, O., Patin, J., Bresson, L.-M., Latsachack, K.O., Mouche, E., Sengtaheuanghoung, O., Silvera, N., Thiébaux, J.-P. and Valentin, C., 2011. Impact of slope gradient on soil surface features and infiltration on steep slopes in northern Laos. Geomorphology, 127(1–2), pp.53–63.

Rudolph, A., Helming, K. and Diestel, H., 1997. Effect of antecedent soil water content and rainfall regime on microrelief changes. Soil technology, 10(1), pp.69–81.

Della Sala, M., 2014. Genesis and mechanism of rainfall-induced hyperconcentrated flows in granular soils.

Santosh, K.G., 2007. Irrigation engineering and hydraulic structures.

Schor, H.J. and Gray, D.H., 2007. Landforming: an environmental approach to hillside development, mine reclamation and watershed restoration. John Wiley & Sons.

Selles, A., 2014. Multi-disciplinary study on the hydrogeological behaviour of the Eastern flank of the Merapi Volcano, Central Java, Indonesia.

Smount, I.K., 1994. Soil and Water Conservation Engineering, by GO Schwab, DD Fangmeier, WJ Elliot & RK Frevert. xiv+ 507 pp. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons (1993).£ 16.95 (paperback),£ 57.00 (hardback). ISBN 0 471 59994 8 (paperback). ISBN 0 471 57490 2 (hardback). The Journal of Agricultural Science, 123(2), pp.294–295.

Triatmodjo, B., 2008. Hidrologi Terapan. Beta Offset, Yogyakarta.

Wang, L., Dalabay, N., Lu, P. and Wu, F., 2017. Effects of tillage practices and slope on runoff and erosion of soil from the Loess Plateau, China, subjected to simulated rainfall. Soil and Tillage Research, 166, pp.147–156.



DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jcef.58350

Article Metrics

Abstract views : 4735 | views : 3958

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.




Copyright (c) 2022 The Author(s)


The content of this website is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
ISSN 5249-5925 (online) | ISSN 2581-1037 (print)
Jl. Grafika No.2 Kampus UGM, Yogyakarta 55281
Email : jcef.ft@ugm.ac.id
Web Analytics JCEF Stats