Why ASEAN is Cooperating in the Education Sector?

https://doi.org/10.22146/ikat.v1i1.27471

Jan Gawron(1*)

(1) University of Freiburg
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


Over the last few years ASEAN member states have begun collaborating more tightly in the tertiary education sector, which has led to a cooperation agreement with the European Union to help harmonize and lift the overall standard of tertiary education in the region. However, the broader question is - why is that the case? Education is not considered a classical field of regional integration, and this chapter seeks to analyze various sources - which include references from elitist circles, as well as the public sphere - in order to identify the motivation for cooperation in the education sector through qualitative content analysis. The analysis is based on a theoretical framework, which incorporates both a neofunctionalist approach and a norm diffusion approach which show that the predominant factors behind this cooperation process are economic.

Keywords


ASEAN, Cooperation, Education Sector

Full Text:

PDF


References

Acharya, A. (2009). Whose Ideas Matter: Agency and Power in Asian Regionalism. New York & London: Cornell University Press.

ASEAN Secretariat. (2015). Education Ministers Meeting. Retrieved from http://www.asean.org/communities/asean- socio-cultural-community/ category/asean-education-ministers-meeting-ased

__________. (2013). ASEAN State of Education Report. Retrieved from http://www.asean.org/images/resources/2014/Oct/ASEAN%20State%20of%20Education%20Report%202013.pdf

__________. (2012) ASEAN 5 Year Work Plan on Education (2011-2015). Retrieved from http://de.scribd.com/ doc/116508108/ASEAN-5-Year-Education-Work-Plan

__________. (2008). ASEAN Economic Community Blueprint. Retrieved from http://www.asean.org/archive/5187-10.pdf

__________. (2007). The ASEAN Charter. Retrieved from http://www.asean.org/archive/ publications/ASEAN- Charter.pdf ¬¬¬¬¬

__________. (2003) Declaration of ASEAN Concorde II. Retrieved from http://www.asean.org/news/item/declaration-of-asean-concord-ii-bali concord-ii

__________. (1976) Treaty of Amity and Cooperation in Southeast Asia. Retrieved from http://www.asean.org/news/item/treaty-of-amity-and-cooperation-in-southeast-asia-indonesia-24-february-1976-3

__________. (1967). The ASEAN Declaration.Retrieved from http://www.asean.org/news/item/the-asean-declaration-bangkok-declaration ASEAN University Network.(2015). EU-ASEAN Project. EU to Support Higher Education in ASEAN Region (EU SHARE). Retrieved from http://www.aunsec.org/aseanqaeuproject.php

Ashayagachat, A. (2012). AEC Pushed Back 12 Months. The Bangkok Post. Retrieved from: http:// www.bangkokpost.com/news/local/321914/aec-pushed-back-12-months

Börzel, T. A.,& Risse, T. (2000). When Europe Hits Home: Europeanization and Domestic Change. European Integration online Papers (EIoP) 4(15). Retrieved from http://eiop.or.at/eiop/pdf/ 2000-015.pdf

__________. (2009). The Transformative Power of Europe: The European Union and the Diffusion of Ideas. KFG Working Paper Series 1. Retrieved from http://www.polsoz.fu-berlin.de/en/v/transformeurope/publications/working _paper/WP_01_Juni_Boerzel_Risse.pdf

Braun, D.,& Gilardi, F. (2006). Taking ’Galton’s Problem’ Seriously: Towards a Theory of Policy Diffusion. Journal of Theoretical Politics 18(3), 298-322.

Busse, N. (1999). Constructivism and Southeast Asia Security. The Pacific Review 12(1), 39-60. Chia, S. Y., et al. (2009). Regional Market for Goods, Services, and Skilled Labour.

In Plummer, M. G., & Chia, S. Y. (Eds.), Realizing the Asean Economic Community: A Cromprehensive Assesment (pp.20-57). Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies.

Conzelmann, T. (2006). Neofunktionalismus. In Schieder, S., & Spindler, M. (Eds.), Theorien der Internationalen Beziehungen (2nd ed., pp.145-171). Opladen & Farmington Hills: Barbara Budrich.

Delegation of the European Union to Indonesia, Brunei Darussalam and ASEAN. (2015). EU and ASEAN Start a New Programme on Harmonisation of ASEAN Higher Education. Retrieved from http://eeas.europa.eu/delegations/indonesia /press_corner/all_news/news/2015/20150506_01_en.htm

Deutsch, K. W., et al. (1957). Political Community and the North Atlantic Area. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

Di Maggio, P. J., & Powell, W. W. (1982). The Iron Cage Revisited: Institutional Isomorphism and Collective Rationality in Organizational Fields. American Sociological Review, 48(2), 147–160.

Dougherty, J. E., & Pfaltzgraff, R. L. (2001). Contending Theories of International Relations: A Comprehensive Survey. New York: Longman.

Feuer, H. N., & Hornidge, A. (2015). Higher Education Cooperation in ASEAN: Building towards Integration or Manufacturing Consent? Comparative Education 51(3).

Finnemore, M., & Sikkink, K. (1998). International Norm Dynamics and Political Change. International Organization, 52(4), 887-917.

Frenquest, J. (2015). Asean Economic Community 2015: Ready or Not, Here it Comes. The Bangkok Post. Retrieved from http://www.bangkokpost.com/learning/ work/454697/asean-economic-community-2015-ready-or-not-here-it-comes

Haas, E. B. (1958). The Uniting of Europe: Political, Social, and Economic Forces 1950-1957. Stanford: Stanford University Press.

__________. (1961). International Integration: The European and the Universal Process. International Organization, 15(3), 366–92.

Hawkins, J. N. (2012). Regionalization and Harmonization of Higher Education in Asia. Asian Education and Development Studies, 1(1), 96-108.

Jetschke, A.,& Lenz, T. (2011). Vergleichende Regionalismusforschung und Diffusion: Eine neue Forschungsagenda. Politische Vierteljahresschrift, 52(3), 448-474.

Jetschke, A.,& Murray, P. (2012). Diffusing Regional Integration: The EU and Southeast Asia. West European Politics, 35(1), 174-191.

Jetschke, A.,& Rüland, J. (2009). Decoupling Rhetoric and Practice: The Cultural Limits of ASEAN Cooperation. The Pacific Review, 22(2), 179–203.

Keck, M. E., & Sikkink, K. (1998). Activists beyond Borders: Advocacy Networks in International Politics. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.

Keo, K. (2012). Concern over Higher Education Quality as ASEAN Community Looms. University World News. Retrieved from http://www.universityworldnews.com/ article.php?story=20120924142138123

Keohane, R. O., & Nye, J. S. (1977). Power and Interdependence: World Politics in Transition. New York: Harper Collins.

Kim, M. H. (2014). Integration Theory and ASEAN Integration. Pacific Focus, 29(3), 374-394.

Koh, A. (2007). Deparochializing Education: Globalization, Regionalization, and the Formation of an ASEAN Education Space. Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education, 28(2), 179-195.

Kuckartz, U. (2012). Qualitative Inhaltsanalyse: Methoden, Praxis, Computerunterstützung. Weinheim: Beltz.

Lindberg, L. N. (1963). The Political Dynamics of European Economic Integration. Stanford: Stanford University Press.

Lindberg, L. N., & Scheingold, S. A. (1970), Europe’s Would-Be Polity. Englewood Cliffs: Prentis-Hall.

Malaysian Government News. (2015). ASEAN Committed to a Harmonized Higher Education System. Retrieved from http://www.lexisnexis.com/lnacui2api/auth /checkbrowser.do?ipcounter=1&cookieState=0&rand=0.1972755361877886&bhcp=1

Mattli, W. (2005). Ernst Haas’s Evolving Thinking on Comparative Regional Integration: of Virtues and Infelicities. Journal of European Public Policy, 12(2), 327–48.

Mayring, P. (2010). Grundlagen und Techniken. Basel: Beltz. Narine, S. (2008). 40 Years of ASEAN: A Historical Review. The Pacific Review, 21(4), 411-429.

Neubauer, D. (2012). Higher Education Regionalization in Asia Pacific. Asian Education and Development Studies, 1(1), 11-17.

Radaelli, C. M. (2000). Whither Europeanization? Concept Stretching and Substantive change. European Integration Online Papers (EIoP) 4(8). Retrieved from http://eiop.or.at/eiop/texte/2000-008a.htm

Ravenhill, J. (2008). Fighting Irrelevance: An Economic Community ‘with ASEAN Characteristics’. The Pacific Review, 21(4), 469-488.

Risse, T., Ropp, S. C., & Sikkink, K. (Eds.). (1999). The Power of Human Rights: International Norms and Domestic Change. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Rosamond, B. (2005). The Uniting of Europe and the Foundation of EU Studies: Revisiting the Neofunctionalism of Ernst B. Haas. Journal of European Public Policy, 12(2), 237-254.

Rother, S. (2004). Normen, Identitäten und die Logik der Anarchie: Die ASEAN aus konstruktivistischer Perspektive. Freiburg i. Br.: Arnold Bergstraesser Institut.

Rüland, J. (2012). The Limits of Democratizing Interest Representation: ASEAN's Regional Corporatism and Normative Challenges. European Journal of International Relations.

Schimmelfennig, F. (2008). Internationale Politik. Paderborn: Schöningh.

Schmitter, P. C. (2004). Neo-Neo-Functionalism?.In Wiener, A.,& Dietz, T. (Eds.), European Integration Theory (pp.45-74). Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Schreier, M. (2014). Varianten Qualitativer Inhaltsanalyse: Ein Wegweiser im Dickicht der Begrifflichkeiten. Forum Qualitative Sozialforschung 14(1). Retrieved from http://www.ssoar.info/ssoar/ handle/document/37708

__________. (2012).Qualitative Content Analysis in Practice. London: Sage.

The Bangkok Post. (2013). Time to Spend Money Where It's Needed. Retrieved from http:// www.lexisnexis.com/lnacui2api/auth/checkbrowser.do?ipcounter=1& cookieState=0&rand=0.8576234561176715&bhcp=1

The Government Public Relations Department. (2014). Thailand Steps Up Cooperation with ASEAN Partners. Retrieved from http://thailand.prd.go.th/ewt_news.php?nid=536&filename=index

The Jakarta Post.(2011). Promoting ASEAN identity in Education. Retrieved from http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2011/05/19/promoting-asean-identity-education.html

The Nation Thailand. (2014). Moves to Boost Education Cooperation Ahead of AEC. Retrieved from http://www.nationmultimedia.com/national/Moves-to-boost-education-cooperation-ahead-of-AEC-30243272.html



DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/ikat.v1i1.27471

Article Metrics

Abstract views : 5445 | views : 3732

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2017 Jan Gawron

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

View My Stats