Synthesis and Characterization of Zn(II), Cu(II), and Ni(II)-Levofloxacin Complexes for Carbon Dioxide Storage Media

Hadeel Adil; Hamsa Thamer; Dina Saadi Ahmed; Raghda Alsayed; Muna Bufaroosha; Khalid Zainulabdeen; Hassan Hashim; Alaa Mohammed; Emad Yousif

doi:10.22146/ijc.84552

Synthesis and Characterization of Zn(II), Cu(II), and Ni(II)-Levofloxacin Complexes for Carbon Dioxide Storage Media

https://doi.org/10.22146/ijc.84552

Hadeel Adil⁽¹⁾, Hamsa Thamer⁽²⁾, Dina Saadi Ahmed⁽³⁾, Raghda Alsayed⁽⁴⁾, Muna Bufaroosha⁽⁵⁾, Khalid Zainulabdeen⁽⁶⁾, Hassan Hashim⁽⁷⁾, Alaa Mohammed⁽⁸⁾, Emad Yousif^(9*)

(1) Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad 64021, Iraq
(2) Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad 64021, Iraq
(3) Department of Chemical Industries, Institute of Technology-Baghdad, Middle Technical University, Baghdad 10074, Iraq
(4) Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad 64021, Iraq
(5) Department of Chemistry, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain 1818, United Arab Emirates
(6) Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad 64021, Iraq
(7) Department of Physics, College of Science, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad 64040, Iraq
(8) Department of Environmental Science, College of Energy and Environmental Science, Alkarkh University of Science, Baghdad 10081, Iraq
(9) Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad 64021, Iraq
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract

Three complexes ([CuL₂(H₂O)₂], [NiL₂(H₂O)₂], and [ZnL₂Cl₂]) have been synthesized through the reaction of metal salts and levofloxacin and characterized by spectrophotometers. The morphology of the complexes was investigated using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The physicochemical properties of these complexes were evaluated using the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) and Barrett-Joyner-Halenda (BJH) techniques. Furthermore, the storage capacity of these complexes was verified using the H-sorb 2600 analyzer at a temperature of 323 K and varying pressure conditions. The obtained data substantiates that the synthesized complexes exhibit favorable attributes for CO₂ absorption. The surface area reaches 24.97 m²/g with capacities of 123.073 m³/g and 34.400 m³/g to adsorb CO₂. The escalating levels of CO₂ in the atmosphere, primarily resulting from the combustion of fossil fuels to meet the surging energy requirements, pose a pressing environmental challenge. Consequently, there has been a surge in research focused on the development of novel materials aimed at facilitating CO₂ storage.

Keywords

levofloxacin; gas storage; global warming; carbon dioxide uptake

Full Text:

Full Text PDF

References

[1] dos Reis, G.S., Guy, M., Mathieu, M., Jebrane, M., Lima, E.C., Thyrel, M., Dotto, G.L., and Larsson, S.H., 2022, A comparative study of chemical treatment by MgCl₂, ZnSO₄, ZnCl₂, and KOH on physicochemical properties and acetaminophen adsorption performance of biobased porous materials from tree bark residues, Colloids Surf., A, 642, 128626.

[2] Wang, W., Zhou, M., and Yuan, D., 2017, Carbon dioxide capture in amorphous porous organic polymers, J. Mater. Chem. A, 5 (4), 1334–1347.

[3] Cai, G., Yan, P., Zhang, L., Zhou, H.C., and Jiang, H.L., 2021, Metal–organic framework-based hierarchically porous materials: synthesis and applications, Chem. Rev., 121 (20), 12278–12326.

[4] Li, H., Wang, K., Sun, Y., Lollar, C.T., Li, J., and Zhou, H.C., 2018, Recent advances in gas storage and separation using metal–organic frameworks, Mater. Today, 21 (2), 108–121.

[5] Wen, M., Li, G., Liu, H., Chen, J., An, T., and Yamashita, H., 2019, Metal–organic framework-based nanomaterials for adsorption and photocatalytic degradation of gaseous pollutants: Recent progress and challenges, Environ. Sci.: Nano, 6 (4), 1006–1025.

[6] Li, B., Wen, H.M., Zhou, W., and Chen, B., 2014, Porous metal–organic frameworks for gas storage and separation: What, how, and why?, J. Phys. Chem. Lett., 5 (20), 3468–3479.

[7] Mason, J.A., Veenstra, M., and Long, J.R., 2014, Evaluating metal–organic frameworks for natural gas storage, Chem. Sci., 5 (1), 32–51.

[8] Sanz, R., Martínez, F., Orcajo, G., Wojtas, L., and Briones, D., 2013, Synthesis of a honeycomb-like Cu-based metal–organic framework and its carbon dioxide adsorption behaviour, Dalton Trans., 42 (7), 2392–2398.

[9] Mohammed, A., Ahmed, A.U., Ibraheem, H., Kadhom, M., and Yousif, E., 2022, Physisorption theory of surface area and porosity determination: A short review, AIP Conf. Proc., 2450 (1), 020007.

[10] Baumann, A.E., Burns, D.A., Liu, B., and Thoi, V.S., 2019, Metal-organic framework functionalization and design strategies for advanced electrochemical energy storage devices, Commun. Chem., 2 (1), 86.

[11] Ma, S., and Zhou, H.C., 2010, Gas storage in porous metal–organic frameworks for clean energy applications, Chem. Commun., 46 (1), 44–53.

[12] Lin, Y., Kong, C., Zhang, Q., and Chen, L., 2017, Metal‐organic frameworks for carbon dioxide capture and methane storage, Adv. Energy Mater., 7 (4), 1601296.

[13] Demir, H., Aksu, G.O., Gulbalkan, H.C., and Keskin, S., 2022, MOF membranes for CO₂ capture: Past, present and future, Carbon Capture Sci. Technol., 2, 100026.

[14] Rosli, A., and Low, S.C., 2020, Molecularly engineered switchable photo-responsive membrane in gas separation for environmental protection, Environ. Eng. Res., 25 (4), 447–461.

[15] Chaemchuen, S., Kabir, N.A., Zhou, K., and Verpoort, F., 2013, Metal–organic frameworks for upgrading biogas via CO₂ adsorption to biogas green energy, Chem. Soc. Rev., 42 (24), 9304–9332.

[16] Latake, P.T., Pawar, P., and Ranveer, A.C., 2015, The greenhouse effect and its impacts on environment, Int. J. Innovative Res. Creat. Technol., 1 (3), 333–337.

[17] Ma, L., Chen, S., Qin, C., Chen, S., Yuan, W., Zhou, X., and Ran, J., 2021, Understanding the effect of H₂S on the capture of CO₂ using K-doped Li₄SiO₄ sorbent, Fuel, 283, 119364.

[18] Yan, Y., Yang, S., Blake, A.J., and Schröder, M., 2014, Studies on metal–organic frameworks of Cu(II) with isophthalate linkers for hydrogen storage, Acc. Chem. Res., 47 (2), 296–307.

[19] Thomas, D.M., Mechery, J., and Paulose, S.V., 2016, Carbon dioxide capture strategies from flue gas using microalgae: A review, Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res., 23 (17), 16926–16940.

[20] Aminu, M.D., Nabavi, S.A., Rochelle, C.A., and Manovic, V., 2017, A review of developments in carbon dioxide storage, Appl. Energy, 208, 1389–1419.

[21] Goh, K., Karahan, H.E., Yang, E., and Bae, T.H., 2019, Graphene-based membranes for CO₂/CH₄ separation: Key challenges and perspectives, Appl. Sci., 9 (14), 2784.

[22] Liu, Y., Wang, S., Meng, X., Ye, Y., Song, X., Liang, Z., and Zhao, Y., 2020, Molecular expansion for constructing porous organic polymers with high surface areas and well‐defined nanopores, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed., 59 (44), 19487–19493.

[23] He, Y., Zhou, W., Yildirim, T., and Chen, B., 2013, A series of metal–organic frameworks with high methane uptake and an empirical equation for predicting methane storage capacity, Energy Environ. Sci., 6 (9), 2735–2744.

[24] Kong, G.Q., Han, Z.D., He, Y., Ou, S., Zhou, W., Yildirim, T., Krishna, R., Zou, C., Chen, B., and Wu, C.D., 2013, Expanded organic building units for the construction of highly porous metal–organic frameworks, Chem. - Eur. J., 19 (44), 14886–14894.

[25] Peng, Y., Krungleviciute, V., Eryazici, I., Hupp, J.T., Farha, O.K., and Yildirim, T., 2013, Methane storage in metal–organic frameworks: Current records, surprise findings, and challenges, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 135 (32), 11887–11894.

[26] Tran, Y.B.N., Nguyen, P.T., Luong, Q.T., and Nguyen, K.D. 2020, Series of M-MOF-184 (M = Mg, Co, Ni, Zn, Cu, Fe) metal–organic frameworks for catalysis cycloaddition of CO₂, Inorg. Chem., 59 (22), 16747–16759.

[27] Ahmed, D., El-Hiti, G., Yousif, E., Hameed, A., and Abdalla, M., 2017, New eco-friendly phosphorus organic polymers as gas storage media, Polymers, 9 (8), 336.

[28] Liu, B., Yao, S., Shi, C., Li, G., Huo, Q., and Liu, Y., 2016, Significant enhancement of gas uptake capacity and selectivity via the judicious increase of open metal sites and Lewis basic sites within two polyhedron-based metal–organic frameworks, Chem. Commun., 52 (15), 3223–3226.

[29] Wardani, A.R., and Widiastuti, N., 2016, Synthesis of zeolite-X supported on glasswool for CO₂ capture material: Variation of immersion time and NaOH concentration at glasswool activation, Indones. J. Chem., 16 (1), 1–7.

[30] Ediati, R., Mukminin, A., and Widiastuti, N., 2017, Impregnation nickel on mesoporous ZSM-5 templated carbons as a candidate material for hydrogen storage, Indones. J. Chem., 17 (1), 30–36.

[31] Ahmed, D.S., Mohammed, A., Husain, A.A., El-Hiti, G.A., Kadhom, M., Kariuki, B.M., and Yousif, E., 2022, Fabrication of highly photostable polystyrene films embedded with organometallic complexes, Polymers, 14 (5), 1024.

[32] Bardestani, R., Patience, G.S., and Kaliaguine, S., 2019, Experimental methods in chemical engineering: Specific surface area and pore size distribution measurements—BET, BJH, and DFT, Can. J. Chem. Eng., 97 (11), 2781–2791.

[33] Thommes, M., Kaneko, K., Neimark, A.V., Olivier, J.P., Rodriguez-Reinoso, F., Rouquerol, J., and Sing, K.S.W., 2015, Physisorption of gases, with special reference to the evaluation of surface area and pore size distribution (IUPAC Technical Report), Pure Appl. Chem., 87 (9-10), 1051–1069.

[34] Sreethawong, T., Suzuki, Y., and Yoshikawa, S., 2005, Synthesis, characterization, and photocatalytic activity for hydrogen evolution of nanocrystalline mesoporous titania prepared by surfactant-assisted templating sol–gel process, J. Solid State Chem., 178 (1), 329–338.

[35] Trickett, C.A., Helal, A., Al-Maythalony, B.A., Yamani, Z.H., Cordova, K.E., and Yaghi, O.M., 2017, The chemistry of metal–organic frameworks for CO₂ capture, regeneration and conversion, Nat. Rev. Mater., 2 (8), 17045.

[36] Ahmed, A.J., Alias, M., Ahmed, D.S., Abdallh, M., Bufaroosha, M., Jawad, A.H., and Yousif, E., 2023, Investigating CO₂ storage properties of Pd(II) and Co(II) chelates of a Schiff's base ligand, J. Umm Al-Qura Univ. Appl. Sci., 9 (1), 96–104.

[37] Kazemi, S., and Safarifard, V., 2018, Carbon dioxide capture on metal-organic frameworks with amide-decorated pores, Nanochem. Res., 3 (1), 62–78.

[38] Saleh, T., Yousif, E., Al‐Tikrity, E., Ahmed, D., Bufaroosha, M., Al-Mashhadani, M., and Yaseen, A., 2022, Design, synthesis, structure, and gas (CO₂, CH₄, and H₂) storage properties of porous imine-linkage organic compounds, Mater. Sci. Energy Technol., 5, 344–352.

[39] Yaseen, A.A., Yousif, E., Al‐Tikrity, T.B., Kadhom, M., Yusop, M.R., and Ahmed, D.S., 2022, Environmental performance of alternative Schiff bases synthesis routes: A proposal for CO₂ storages, Pollution, 8 (1), 239–248.

[40] Mahdi, S.A., Ahmed, A.A., Yousif, E., Ahmed, D., Al-Mashhadani, M.H., and Bufaroosha, M., 2022, Comarine derivatives designed as carbon dioxide and hydrogen storage, Mater. Sci. Energy Technol., 5, 197–207.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/ijc.84552