Microencapsulation of  Ruellia tuberosa  L. Extracts Using Alginate: Preparation, Biological Activities, and Release

Andriana Kusuma Pertiwi; Choirin Annisa; Zubaidah Ningsih; Anna Safitri

doi:10.22146/ijc.76821

Microencapsulation of Ruellia tuberosa L. Extracts Using Alginate: Preparation, Biological Activities, and Release

https://doi.org/10.22146/ijc.76821

Andriana Kusuma Pertiwi⁽¹⁾, Choirin Annisa⁽²⁾, Zubaidah Ningsih⁽³⁾, Anna Safitri^(4*)

(1) Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Brawijaya University, Jl. Veteran, Malang 65145, Indonesia
(2) Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Brawijaya University, Jl. Veteran, Malang 65145, Indonesia
(3) Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Brawijaya University, Jl. Veteran, Malang 65145, Indonesia
(4) Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Brawijaya University, Jl. Veteran, Malang 65145, Indonesia; Research Centre of SMONAGENES (Smart Molecules of Natural Genetic Resources), Brawijaya University, Jl. Veteran, Malang 65145, Indonesia
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract

The bioactive compounds naturally present in plants have great importance due to their biological characteristics. These substances could lose their active characteristics since they are highly unstable. Microencapsulation is one of the techniques to improve stability and protect these compounds. In this work, Ruellia tuberosa L. ethanolic extracts microcapsules were prepared using a freeze-drying method by varying pH, alginate concentration, and stirring time. The encapsulation efficiency (EE), characteristics, alpha-amylase inhibition activity, and release behavior of the microcapsules were investigated. The results highlighted that the highest encapsulation efficiency for the microcapsules was obtained at pH 6, alginate concentration of 1% (w/v), and 30 min of stirring time (51.63% EE). The microcapsules mostly had spherical shapes with a mean diameter of 197.53 μm. The alpha-amylase inhibition assay from microcapsules resulted in the IC₅₀ value of 46.66 ± 0.13 μg/mL, demonstrating high biological activity. The bioactive substances from microcapsules were released during intervals of 30–120 min at pH values of 1.2 and 7.4. Only 3.51% of the bioactive substances were released at pH 1.2 after 120 min, compared to 55.78% at pH 7.4. Overall, this work confirms the possibility of developing plant extracts with preserved biological activity using the produced microcapsules.

Keywords

alginate; alpha-amylase; freeze drying; microencapsulation; Ruellia tuberosa L.

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/ijc.76821