Various Adsorbents for Removal of Rhodamine B Dye: A Review

Zainab Mohammad Saigl

doi:10.22146/ijc.62863

Various Adsorbents for Removal of Rhodamine B Dye: A Review

https://doi.org/10.22146/ijc.62863

Zainab Mohammad Saigl^(1*)

(1) Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract

Lately, there has been an increase in dye manufacturing, resulting in increased environmental pollution. Recent studies show a wide availability of usage adsorbents, including banana peels, potatoes, algae, etc. Food and Drug Administration prohibited the use of Rhodamine B (RhB) for its toxicity and harmful effects. Therefore, this study presents a wide range of non-conventional low-cost alternative adsorbents to remove RhB dye from wastewater. It has been observed that the mechanism of the dye adsorption is focused on kinetics, isotherm, and thermodynamics models, which depend on the chemical nature of the materials and various physicochemical experimental conditions such as solution pH, initial dye concentration, adsorbent dosage, and temperature of the system. The kinetic data of adsorption of RhB dye usually follow the pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetic models. Several studies revealed that Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm models are frequently used to evaluate the adsorption capacity of the adsorbents. Furthermore, thermodynamic examination showed that RhB adsorption was endothermic and unconstrained in nature. Thus, both photocatalytic degradation and adsorption methods offer good potential to remove RhB dye from industrial effluents. The work is in progress to evaluate the possibility of using other modified waste biomass for industrial pollution control.

Keywords

Rhodamine B dye; pseudo-second-order; thermodynamic; isotherm; agricultural wastes

Full Text:

Full Text PDF

References

[1] Ali, I., Gupta, V.K., and Aboul‐Enein, H.Y., 2005, Metal ion speciation and capillary electrophoresis: application in the new millennium, Electrophoresis, 26 (21), 3988–4002.

[2] Basheer, A.A., 2018, Chemical chiral pollution: Impact on the society and science and need of the regulations in the 21^st century, Chirality, 30 (4), 402–406.

[3] Basheer, A.A., and Ali, I., 2018, Stereoselective uptake and degradation of (±)-o,p-DDD pesticide stereomers in water-sediment system, Chirality, 30 (9), 1088–1095.

[4] Basheer, A.A., 2018, New generation nano-adsorbents for the removal of emerging contaminants in water, J. Mol. Liq., 261, 583–593.

[5] Li, Y., Yan, X., Hu, X., Feng, R., and Zhou, M., 2019, Trace pyrolyzed ZIF-67 loaded activated carbon pellets for enhanced adsorption and catalytic degradation of Rhodamine B in water, Chem. Eng. J., 375, 122003.

[6] Nekouei Marnani, N., and Shahbazi, A., 2019, A novel environmental-friendly nanobiocomposite synthesis by EDTA and chitosan functionalized magnetic graphene oxide for high removal of Rhodamine B: Adsorption mechanism and separation property, Chemosphere, 218, 715–725.

[7] Li, Z., Potter, N., Rasmussen, J., Weng, J., and Lv, G., 2018, Removal of rhodamine 6G with different types of clay minerals, Chemosphere, 202, 127–135.

[8] Inyinbor, A.A., Adekola, F.A., and Olatunji, G.A., 2016, Kinetics, isotherms and thermodynamic modeling of liquid phase adsorption of Rhodamine B dye onto Raphia hookerie fruit epicarp, Water Resour. Ind., 15, 14–27.

[9] Tao, P., Xu, Y., Song, C., Yin, Y., Yang, Z., Wen, S., Wang, S., Liu, H., Li, S., Li, C., Wang, T., and Shao, M., 2017, A novel strategy for the removal of Rhodamine B (RhB) dye from wastewater by coal-based carbon membranes coupled with the electric field, Sep. Purif. Technol., 179, 175–183.

[10] Sabarish, R., and Unnikrishnan, G., 2018, Novel biopolymer templated hierarchical silicalite-1 as an adsorbent for the removal of Rhodamine B, J. Mol. Liq., 272, 919–929.

[11] Ghasemi, E., and Kaykhaii, M., 2016, Application of Micro-cloud point extraction for spectrophotometric determination of Malachite green, Crystal violet and Rhodamine B in aqueous samples, Spectrochim. Acta, Part A, 164, 93–97.

[12] Bethi, B., Manasa, V., Srinija, K., and Sonawane, S.H., 2018, Intensification of Rhodamine-B dye removal using hydrodynamic cavitation coupled with hydrogel adsorption, Chem. Eng. Process., 134, 51–57.

[13] da Rosa, A.L.D., Carissimi, E., Dotto, G.L., Sander, H., and Feris, L.A., 2018, Biosorption of Rhodamine B dye from dyeing stones effluents using the green microalgae Chlorella pyrenoidosa, J. Cleaner Prod., 198, 1302–1310.

[14] Yu, Y., Wang, C., Luo, L., Wang, J., and Meng, J., 2018, An environment-friendly route to synthesize pyramid-like g-C₃N₄ arrays for efficient degradation of Rhodamine B under visible-light irradiation, Chem. Eng. J., 334, 1869–1877.

[15] Pascariu, P., Airinei, A., Olaru, N., Olaru, L., and Nica, V., 2016, Photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B dye using ZnO-SnO₂ electrospun ceramic nanofibers, Ceram. Int., 42 (6), 6775–6781.

[16] Patil, S.P., Bethi, B., Sonawane, G.H., Shrivastava, V.S., and Sonawane, S., 2016, Efficient adsorption and photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B dye over Bi₂O₃-bentonite nanocomposites: A kinetic study, J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 34, 356–363.

[17] Xiao, W., Garba, Z.N., Sun, S., Lawan, I., Wang, L., Lin, M., and Yuan, Z., 2020, Preparation and evaluation of an effective activated carbon from white sugar for the adsorption of Rhodamine B dye, J. Cleaner Prod., 253, 119989.

[18] Saruchi, and Kumar, V., 2019, Adsorption kinetics and isotherms for the removal of Rhodamine B dye and Pb⁺² ions from aqueous solutions by a hybrid ion-exchanger, Arabian J. Chem., 12 (3), 316–329.

[19] Saleh, T.A., and Ali, I., 2018, Synthesis of polyamide grafted carbon microspheres for removal of Rhodamine B dye and heavy metals, J. Environ. Chem. Eng., 6 (4), 5361–5368.

[20] Chen, J., and Zhu, X., 2016, Magnetic solid phase extraction using ionic liquid-coated core-shell magnetic nanoparticles followed by high-performance liquid chromatography for determination of Rhodamine B in food samples, Food Chem., 200, 10–15.

[21] Ali, I., Burakov, A.E., Melezhik, A.V., Babkin, A.V, Burakova, I.V, Neskomornaya, E.A., Galunin, E.V., Tkachev, A.G., and Kuznetsov, D.V., 2019, Removal of copper(II) and zinc(II) ions in water on a newly synthesized polyhydroquinone/graphene nanocomposite material: kinetics, thermodynamics and mechanism, ChemistrySelect, 4 (43), 12708–12718.

[22] Ali, I., Alharbi, O.M.L., Alothman, Z.A., Al-Mohaimeed, A.M., and Alwarthan, A., 2019, Modeling of fenuron pesticide adsorption on CNTs for mechanistic insight and removal in water, Environ. Res., 170, 389–397.

[23] Burakova, E.A., Dyachkova, T.P., Rukhov, A.V, Tugolukov, E.N., Galunin, E.V., Tkachev, A.G., Basheer, A.A., and Ali, I., 2018, Novel and economic method of carbon nanotubes synthesis on a nickel magnesium oxide catalyst using microwave radiation, J. Mol. Liq., 253, 340–346.

[24] Ali, I., 2018, Microwave assisted economic synthesis of multi walled carbon nanotubes for arsenic species removal in water: Batch and column operations, J. Mol. Liq., 271, 677–685.

[25] Ali, I., and Aboul-Enein, H.Y., 2002, Speciation of metal ions by capillary electrophoresis, Crit. Rev. Anal. Chem., 32 (4), 337–350.

[26] Ali, I., Alharbi, O.M.L., Alothman, Z.A., and Alwarthan, A., 2018, Facile and eco-friendly synthesis of functionalized iron nanoparticles for cyanazine removal in water, Colloids Surf., B, 171, 606–613.

[27] Tian, J., Olajuyin, A.M., Mu, T., Yang, M., and Xing, J., 2016, Efficient degradation of rhodamine B using modified graphite felt gas diffusion electrode by electro-Fenton process, Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res., 23 (12), 11574–11583.

[28] Ianoş, R., Păcurariu, C., Muntean, S.G., Muntean, E., Nistor, M.A., and Nižňanský, D., 2018, Combustion synthesis of iron oxide/carbon nanocomposites, efficient adsorbents for anionic and cationic dyes removal from wastewaters, J. Alloys Compd., 741, 1235–1246.

[29] Tariq, M., Muhammad, M., Khan, J., Raziq, A., Uddin, M.K., Niaz, A., Ahmed, S.S., and Rahim, A., 2020, Removal of Rhodamine B dye from aqueous solutions using photo-Fenton processes and novel Ni-Cu@MWCNTs photocatalyst, J. Mol. Liq., 312, 113399.

[30] Wang, D., Hou, P., Stephan, D., Huang, S., Zhang, L., Yang, P., and Cheng, X., 2020, SiO₂/TiO₂ composite powders deposited on cement-based materials: Rhodamine B removal and the bonding mechanism, Constr. Build. Mater., 241, 118124.

[31] Kumar, V., Singh, M., Behera, K., and Pandey, S., 2020, Ionic liquid induced removal of Rhodamine B from water, J. Mol. Liq., 319, 114195.

[32] Zhang, J., Yan, X., Hu, X., Feng, R., and Zhou, M., 2018, Direct carbonization of Zn/Co zeolitic imidazolate frameworks for efficient adsorption of Rhodamine B, Chem. Eng. J., 347, 640–647.

[33] Oyekanmi, A.A., Ahmad, A., Hossain, K., and Rafatullah, M., 2019, Statistical optimization for adsorption of Rhodamine B dye from aqueous solutions, J. Mol. Liq., 281, 48–58.

[34] Sundararajan, M., and Kennedy, L.J., 2017, Photocatalytic removal of Rhodamine B under irradiation of visible light using Co_1-xCuxFe₂O₄ (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.5) nanoparticles, J. Environ. Chem. Eng., 5 (4), 4075–4092.

[35] Jonjana, S., Phuruangrat, A., Thongtem, T., Kuntalue, B., and Thongtem, S., 2018, Decolorization of Rhodamine B photocatalyzed by Ag₃PO₄/Bi₂WO₆ nanocomposites under visible radiation, Mater. Lett., 218, 146–149.

[36] Rahdar, S., Rahdar, A., Zafar, M.N., Shafqat, S.S., and Ahmadi, S., 2019, Synthesis and characterization of MgO supported Fe-Co-Mn nanoparticles with exceptionally high adsorption capacity for Rhodamine B dye, J. Mater. Res. Technol., 8 (5), 3800–3810.

[37] Stavrinou, A., Aggelopoulos, C.A., and Tsakiroglou, C.D., 2018, Exploring the adsorption mechanisms of cationic and anionic dyes onto agricultural waste peels of banana, cucumber and potato: Adsorption kinetics and equilibrium isotherms as a tool, J. Environ. Chem. Eng., 6 (6), 6958–6970.

[38] Al-Shaalan, N.H., Ali, I., Alothman, Z.A., Al-Wahaibi, L.H., and Alabdulmonem, H., 2019, High performance removal and simulation studies of diuron pesticide in water on MWCNTs, J. Mol. Liq., 289, 111039.

[39] Ali, I., Alharbi, O.M.L., Al-Othman, Z.A., Alwarthan, A., and Al-Mohaimeed, A.M., 2019, Preparation of a carboxymethylcellulose-iron composite for uptake of atorvastatin in water, Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 132, 244–253.

[40] Ali, I., Alharbi, O.M.L., Al-Othman, Z.A., and Badjah, A.Y., 2018, Kinetics, thermodynamics, and modeling of amido black dye photodegradation in water using Co/TiO₂ nanoparticles, Photochem. Photobiol., 94 (5), 935–941.

[41] Zhang, J., Hu, X., Yan, X., Feng, R., Zhou, M., and Xue, J., 2019, Enhanced adsorption of Rhodamine B by magnetic nitrogen-doped porous carbon prepared from bimetallic ZIFs, Colloids Surf., A, 575, 10–17.

[42] Waheed, A., Mansha, M., Kazi, I.W., and Ullah, N., 2019, Synthesis of a novel 3,5-diacrylamidobenzoic acid based hyper-cross-linked resin for the efficient adsorption of Congo Red and Rhodamine B, J. Hazard. Mater., 369, 528–538.

[43] Yao, H., Wang, X., Gao, J., Gao, C., Zhao, R., Zhai, X., Wu, Y., Hao, C., Yang, J., Mei, S., and Qiu, H., 2019, Hydrothermal synthesis of flower-like Cu₂MoS₄/g-C₃N₄ composite and its adsorption performances for Rhodamine B, Mater. Chem. Phys., 223, 648–658.

[44] Jinisha, R., Gandhimathi, R., Ramesh, S.T., Nidheesh, P.V., and Velmathi, S., 2018, Removal of Rhodamine B dye from aqueous solution by electro-Fenton process using iron-doped mesoporous silica as a heterogeneous catalyst, Chemosphere, 200, 446–454.

[45] Baddouh, A., Bessegato, G.G., Rguiti, M.M., El Ibrahimi, B., Bazzi, L., Hilali, M., and Zanoni, M.V.B., 2018, Electrochemical decolorization of Rhodamine B dye: Influence of anode material, chloride concentration and current density, J. Environ. Chem. Eng., 6 (2), 2041–2047.

[46] Li, D., Li, J., and Tang, J., 2016, Mercury oxide as an efficient photocatalyst for degradation of Rhodamine B dye under visible-light irradiation, Solid State Sci., 61 (3), 201–206.

[47] Belachew, N., Rama Devi, D., and Basavaiah, K., 2017, Green synthesis and characterisation of L-Serine capped magnetite nanoparticles for removal of Rhodamine B from contaminated water, J. Exp. Nanosci., 12 (1), 114–128.

[48] Singh, S., Parveen, N., and Gupta, H., 2018, Adsorptive decontamination of Rhodamine-B from water using banana peel powder: A biosorbent, Environ. Technol. Innovation, 12, 189–195.

[49] Zahir, A., Aslam, Z., Aslam, U., Abdullah, A., Ali, R., and Bello, M.M., 2020, Paspalum notatum grass-waste-based adsorbent for Rhodamine B removal from polluted water, Chem. Biochem. Eng. Q., 34 (2), 93–104.

[50] Berradi, M., Hsissou, R., Khudhair, M., Assouag, M., Cherkaoui, O., El Bachiri, A., and El Harfi, A., 2019, Textile finishing dyes and their impact on aquatic environs, Heliyon, 5 (11), e02711.

[51] Imam, S., and Babamale, H., 2020, A short review on the removal of Rhodamine B dye using agricultural waste-based adsorbents, Asian J. Chem. Sci., 7 (1), 25-37.

[52] Shahzadi, A., Nosheen, S., Kiran, S., Riaz, S., Mughal, T.A., and Shahid, L., 2020, Plant waste utilization as ecofriendly sorbents for removal of reactive dyes from wastewater, Pak. J. Sci., 72 (2), 119.

[53] Alwared, A.I., Al-Musawi, T.J., Muhaisn, L.F., and Mohammed, A.A., 2020, The biosorption of reactive red dye onto orange peel waste: a study on the isotherm and kinetic processes and sensitivity analysis using the artificial neural network approach, Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res., 28 (3), 2848–2859.

[54] Stavrinou, A., Aggelopoulos, C.A., and Tsakiroglou, C.D., 2020, A methodology to estimate the sorption parameters from batch and column tests: The case study of methylene blue sorption onto banana peels, Processes, 8 (11), 1467.

[55] Nayak, A.K., and Pal, A., 2020, Statistical modeling and performance evaluation of biosorptive removal of Nile blue A by lignocellulosic agricultural waste under the application of high-strength dye concentrations, J. Environ. Chem. Eng., 8 (2), 103677.

[56] Saigl, Z.M., and Ahmed, A.M., 2021, Separation of Rhodamine B dye from aqueous media using natural pomegranate peels, Indones. J. Chem., 21 (1), 212–224.

[57] Lim, L.B.L., Priyantha, N., Fang, X.Y., and Mohamad Zaidi, N.A.H., 2017, Artocarpusodoratissimus peel as a potential adsorbent in environmental remediation to remove toxic Rhodamine B dye, J. Mater. Environ. Sci., 8 (2), 494–502.

[58] Shen, K., and Gondal, M.A., 2017, Removal of hazardous Rhodamine dye from water by adsorption onto exhausted coffee ground, J. Saudi Chem. Soc., 21 (Suppl. 1), S120–S127.

[59] Dahri, M.K., Kooh, M.R.R., and Lim, L.B.L., 2016, Remediation of Rhodamine B dye from aqueous solution using Casuarina equisetifolia cone powder as a low-cost adsorbent, Adv. Phys. Chem., 2016, 9497378.

[60] Garba, Z.N., and Rahim, A.A., 2016, Evaluation of optimal activated carbon from an agricultural waste for the removal of para-chlorophenol and 2,4-dichlorophenol, Process Saf. Environ. Prot., 102, 54–63.

[61] Al-Saadi, A.A., Saleh, T.A., and Gupta, V.K., 2013, Spectroscopic and computational evaluation of cadmium adsorption using activated carbon produced from rubber tires, J. Mol. Liq., 188, 136–142.

[62] Nasrullah, A., Saad, B., Bhat, A.H., Khan, A.S., Danish, M., Isa, M.H., and Naeem, A., 2019, Mangosteen peel waste as a sustainable precursor for high surface area mesoporous activated carbon: Characterization and application for methylene blue removal, J. Cleaner Prod., 211, 1190–1200.

[63] Senthilkumar, T., Chattopadhyay, S.K., and Miranda, L.R., 2017, Optimization of activated carbon preparation from pomegranate peel (Punica granatum peel) using RSM, Chem. Eng. Commun., 204 (2), 238–248.

[64] Xiao, W., Garba, Z.N., Sun, S., Lawan, I., Wang, L., Lin, M., and Yuan, Z., 2020, Preparation and evaluation of an effective activated carbon from white sugar for the adsorption of Rhodamine B dye, J. Cleaner Prod., 253, 119989.

[65] Alcântara, R.R., Muniz, R.O.R., and Fungaro, D.A., 2016, Full factorial experimental design analysis of Rhodamine B removal from water using organozeolite from coal bottom ash, Int. J. Energy Environ., 7 (5), 357–374.

[66] Dai, L., Zhu, W., He, L., Tan, F., Zhu, N., Zhou, Q., He, M., and Hu, G., 2018, Calcium-rich biochar from crab shell: An unexpected super adsorbent for dye removal, Bioresour. Technol., 267, 510–516.

[67] Sewu, D.D., Boakye, P., and Woo, S.H., 2017, Highly efficient adsorption of cationic dye by biochar produced with Korean cabbage waste, Bioresour. Technol., 224, 206–213.

[68] Jin, L., Zhao, X., Qian, X., and Dong, M., 2018, Nickel nanoparticles encapsulated in porous carbon and carbon nanotube hybrids from bimetallic metal-organic-frameworks for highly efficient adsorption of dyes, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 509, 245–253.

[69] Adekola, F.A., Ayodele, S.B., and Inyinbor, A.A., 2019, Activated biochar prepared from plantain peels: Characterization and Rhodamine B adsorption data set, Chem. Data Collect., 19, 100170.

[70] Wu, J., Yang, J., Huang, G., Xu, C., and Lin, B., 2020, Hydrothermal carbonization synthesis of cassava slag biochar with excellent adsorption performance for Rhodamine B, J. Cleaner Prod., 251, 119717.

[71] Esvandi, Z., Foroutan, R., Peighambardoust, S.J., Akbari, A., and Ramavandi, B., 2020, Uptake of anionic and cationic dyes from water using natural clay and clay/starch/MnFe₂O₄ magnetic nanocomposite, Surf. Interfaces, 21, 100754.

[72] Rahmani, M., Kaykhaii, M., and Sasani, M., 2018, Application of Taguchi L16 design method for comparative study of ability of 3A zeolite in removal of Rhodamine B and Malachite green from environmental water samples, Spectrochim. Acta, Part A, 188, 164–169.

[73] Cheng, Z.L., Li, Y.X., and Liu, Z., 2017, Novel adsorption materials based on graphene oxide/Beta zeolite composite materials and their adsorption performance for rhodamine B, J. Alloys Compd., 708, 255–263.

[74] Tao, X., Wang, S., and Li, Z., 2020, Ultrasound-assisted bottom-up synthesis of Ni-graphene hybrid composites and their excellent Rhodamine B removal properties, J. Environ. Manage., 255, 109834.

[75] Damiyine, B., Guenbour, A., and Boussen, R., 2017, Rhodamine B adsorption on natural and modified Moroccan clay with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide: Kinetics, equilibrium and thermodynamics, J. Mater. Environ. Sci., 8 (3), 860–871.

[76] Thakur, A., and Kaur, H., 2017, Response surface optimization of Rhodamine B dye removal using paper industry waste as adsorbent, Int. J. Ind. Chem., 8 (2), 175–186.

[77] Cui, W., Kang, X., Zhang, X., and Cui, X., 2019, Gel-like ZnO/Zr-MOF(bpy) nanocomposite for highly efficient adsorption of Rhodamine B dye from aqueous solution, J. Phys. Chem. Solids, 134, 165–175.

[78] Konicki, W., Siber, D., and Narkiewicz, U., 2017, Removal of Rhodamine B from aqueous solution by ZnFe₂O₄ nanocomposite with magnetic separation performance, Pol. J. Chem. Technol., 19 (4), 65–74.

[79] Singh, J., and Basu, S., 2020, Synthesis of mesoporous magnetic Fe₂O₃/g-C₃N₄ monoliths for Rhodamine B removal, Microporous Mesoporous Mater., 303, 110299.

[80] Ren, Y.N., Xu, W., Zhou, L.X., and Zheng, Y.Q., 2017, Efficient tetracycline adsorption and photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B by uranyl coordination polymer, J. Solid State Chem., 251, 105–112.

[81] Laysandra, L., Sari, M.W.M.K., Soetaredjo, F.E., Foe, K., Putro, J.N., Kurniawan, A., Ju, Y.H., and Ismadji, S., 2017, Adsorption and photocatalytic performance of bentonite-titanium dioxide composites for methylene blue and rhodamine B decoloration, Heliyon, 3 (12), e00488.

[82] Huang, H., Zhang, J., Jiang, L., and Zang, Z., 2017, Preparation of cubic Cu₂O nanoparticles wrapped by reduced graphene oxide for the efficient removal of rhodamine B, J. Alloys Compd., 718, 112–115.

[83] Khan, M.A., Momina, Siddiqui, M.R., Otero, M., Alshareef, S.A., and Rafatullah, M., 2020, Removal of Rhodamine B from water using a solvent impregnated polymeric Dowex 5WX8 resin: Statistical optimization and batch adsorption studies, Polymers, 12 (2), 1–12.

[84] Kooh, M.R.R., Lim, L.B.L., Lim, L.H., and Dahri, M.K., 2016, Separation of toxic rhodamine B from aqueous solution using an efficient low-cost material, Azolla pinnata, by adsorption method, Environ. Monit. Assess., 188 (2), 1–15.

[85] Parthasarathy, P., and Narayanan, S.K., 2014, Determination of kinetic parameters of biomass samples using thermogravimetric analysis, Environ. Prog. Sustainable Energy, 33 (1), 256–266.

[86] Postai, D.L., Demarchi, C.A., Zanatta, F., Melo, D.C.C., and Rodrigues, C.A., 2016, Adsorption of Rhodamine B and methylene blue dyes using waste of seeds of Aleurites Moluccana, a low cost adsorbent, Alexandria Eng. J., 55 (2), 1713–1723.

[87] Shouman, M.A., and Fathy, N.A., 2018, Microporous nanohybrids of carbon xerogels and multi-walled carbon nanotubes for removal of Rhodamine B dye, J. Water Process Eng., 23, 165–173.

[88] Bello, O.S., Adegoke, K.A., Sarumi, O.O., and Lameed, O.S., 2019, Functionalized locust bean pod (Parkia biglobosa) activated carbon for Rhodamine B dye removal, Heliyon, 5 (8), e02323.

[89] Wang, J., Gao, M., Shen, T., Yu, M., Xiang, Y., and Liu, J., 2019, Insights into the efficient adsorption of rhodamine B on tunable organo-vermiculites, J. Hazard. Mater., 366, 501–511.

[90] Zhu, Z., Xiang, M., Li, P., Shan, L., and Zhang, P., 2020, Surfactant-modified three-dimensional layered double hydroxide for the removal of methyl orange and Rhodamine B: Extended investigations in binary dye systems, J. Solid State Chem., 288, 121448.

[91] Geetha Malini, P.S., Durgadevi, P., Senthil Kumar, N., and Rani, S., 2020, Synthesis and characterisation of CdO nanoparticles: An efficient nanomaterial for the removal of Rhodamine B, Mater. Today: Proc., In Press, Corrected Proof.

[92] Saharan, P., Sharma, A.K., Kumar, V., and Kaushal, I., 2019, Multifunctional CNT supported metal doped MnO₂ composite for adsorptive removal of anionic dye and thiourea sensing, Mater. Chem. Phys., 221, 239–249.

[93] Skarga-Bandurova, I., Krytska, Y., Shorokhov, M., Suvorin, O., Barbaruk, L., and Ozheredova, M., 2019, Towards development IoT-based water quality monitoring system, The 7^th International Conference on Future Internet of Things and Cloud Workshops (FiCloudW 2019), Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 140–145.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/ijc.62863