Optimizing Natural Deep Eutectic Solvent Citric Acid-Glucose Based Microwave-Assisted Extraction of Total Polyphenols Content from Eleutherine bulbosa (Mill.) Bulb

https://doi.org/10.22146/ijc.58467

Bohari Yusuf(1), Selvi Jumiatul Astati(2), Mirhansyah Ardana(3), Herman Herman(4), Arsyik Ibrahim(5), Laode Rijai(6), Firzan Nainu(7), Islamudin Ahmad(8*)

(1) Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Mulawarman, Samarinda 75119, East Kalimantan, Indonesia
(2) Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Mulawarman, Samarinda 75119, East Kalimantan, Indonesia
(3) Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Mulawarman, Samarinda 75119, East Kalimantan, Indonesia
(4) Pharmaceutical Research and Development Laboratory of FARMAKA TROPIS, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Mulawarman, Samarinda 75119, East Kalimantan, Indonesia
(5) Pharmaceutical Research and Development Laboratory of FARMAKA TROPIS, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Mulawarman, Samarinda 75119, East Kalimantan, Indonesia
(6) Pharmaceutical Research and Development Laboratory of FARMAKA TROPIS, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Mulawarman, Samarinda 75119, East Kalimantan, Indonesia
(7) Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
(8) Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Mulawarman, Samarinda 75119, East Kalimantan, Indonesia Pharmaceutical Research and Development Laboratory of FARMAKA TROPIS, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Mulawarman, Samarinda 75119, East Kalimantan, Indonesia
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


Application of natural deep eutectic solvent (NADES) citric acid-glucose-based microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) method for total polyphenol content (TPC) enriches the use of Eleutherine bulbosa (Mill.) bulb more widely and commercially. Therefore, this study aims to optimize NADES citric acid-glucose-based MAE on the TPC from E. bulbosa bulbs using response surface methodology (RSM). In the present study, the dried sample of E. bulbosa bulb was extracted using the NADES based MAE. Determination of TPC was conducted using Folin-Ciocalteau reagent and standard gallic acid, then measured using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer at 761 nm. Extraction condition optimization of the NADES based MAE method was performed using RSM with Box Behnken Design (four-factors-three-levels and 29 runs) on Design Expert v12. Based on the results study, the optimum condition extraction on the TPC enrichment was obtained at the NADES ratio (citric acid: glucose) 1:1 g/g; solid-liquid ratio 1:8 g/mL; extraction time of 15 min; and 270 Watt microwave power. The confirmation test and scale-up (50 g samples) were obtained with a 61.63 ± 2.23 mg GA/g sample.

Keywords


Eleutherine bulbosa Mill; microwave-assisted extraction; natural deep eutectic solvent; response surface methodology; total polyphenols content

Full Text:

Full Text PDF


References

[1] Kuntorini, E.M., Dewi, M., and Misrina, 2016, Anatomical structure and antioxidant activity of red bulb plant (Eleutherine americana) on different plant age, Biodiversitas, 17 (1), 229–233.

[2] Insanu, M., Kusmardiyani, S., and Hartati, R., 2014, Recent studies on phytochemicals and pharmacological effects of Eleutherine americana Merr., Procedia Chem., 13, 221–228.

[3] Singab, A.N.B., Ayoub, I.M., El-Shazly, M., Korinek, M., Wu, T.Y., Cheng, Y.B., Chang, F.R., and Wu, Y.C., 2016, Shedding the light on Iridaceae: Ethnobotany, phytochemistry and biological activity, Ind. Crops Prod., 92, 308–335.

[4] Naspiah, N., Iskandar, Y., and Moektiwardoyo, M., 2014, Artikel ulasan: Bawang tiwai (Eleutherine americana Merr.), tanaman multiguna, Indones. J. Appl. Sci., 4 (2), 18–30.

[5] Ahmad, I., Ambarwati, N.S.S., Indriyanti, N., Sastyarina, Y., Rijai, L., and Mun’im, A., 2018, Oral glucose tolerance activity of Bawang Dayak (Eleutherine palmifolia L. Merr.) bulbs extract based on the use of different extraction method, Pharmacogn. J., 10 (1), 49–54.

[6] Ahmad, I., Arifuddin, M., and Rijai, L., 2016, The effect of extraction methods of bawang Dayak (Eleutherine palmifolia (L.) Merr) against TLC profiles and sunscreen activities, Int. J. PharmTech Res., 9 (9), 428–436.

[7] Kamarudin, A.A., Mohd. Esa, N., Saad, N., Sayuti, N.H., and Ab. Razak, N.A., 2019, Heat assisted extraction of phenolic compounds from Eleutherine bulbosa (Mill.) bulb and its bioactive profiles using response surface methodology, Ind. Crops Prod., 144, 112064.

[8] Hasni, Y., Aminah, D., and Tri, W., 2019, The effect of ethanolic extract of Dayak onion (Eleutherine palmifolia (L) Merr) tuber on blood glucose and insulin level of strepzotocin-induced diabetic wistar rat, Asian J. Pharm. Res. Dev., 7 (4), 38–42.

[9] Ahmad, I., Yanuar, A., Mulia, K., and Mun’im, A., 2018, Ionic liquid-based microwave-assisted extraction: Fast and green extraction method of secondary metabolites on medicinal plant, Pharmacogn. Rev., 12 (23), 20–26.

[10] Dai, Y., Witkamp, G.J., Verpoorte, R., and Choi, Y.H., 2013, Natural deep eutectic solvents as a new extraction media for phenolic metabolites in Carthamus tinctorius L., Anal. Chem., 85 (13), 6272–6278.

[11] Dai, Y., Jin, R., Verpoorte, R., Lam, W., Cheng, Y.C., Xiao, Y., Xu, J., Zhang, L., Qin, X.M., and Chen, S., 2020, Natural deep eutectic characteristics of honey improve the bioactivity and safety of traditional medicines, J. Ethnopharmacol., 250, 112460.

[12] Vanda, H., Dai, Y., Wilson, E.G., Verpoorte, R., and Choi, Y.H., 2018, Green solvents from ionic liquids and deep eutectic solvents to natural deep eutectic solvents, Comptes Rendus Chim., 21 (6), 628–638.

[13] Mulia, K., Fauzia, F., and Krisanti, E.A., 2019, Polyalcohols as hydrogen-bonding donors in choline chloride-based deep eutectic solvents for extraction of xanthones from the pericarp of Garcinia mangostana L., Molecules, 24 (3), 636.

[14] Wei, Z.F., Wang, X.Q., Peng, X., Wang, W., Zhao, C.J., Zu, Y.G., and Fu, Y., 2015, Fast and green extraction and separation of main bioactive flavonoids from Radix Scutellariae, Ind. Crops Prod., 63, 175–181.

[15] Wei, Z., Qi, X., Li, T., Luo, M., Wang, W., Zu, Y., and Fu, Y., 2015, Application of natural deep eutectic solvents for extraction and determination of phenolics in Cajanus cajan leaves by ultra-performance liquid chromatography, Sep. Purif. Technol., 149, 237–244.

[16] Ahmad, I., Pertiwi, A.S., Kembaren, Y.H., Rahman, A., and Mun’im, A., 2018, Application of natural deep eutectic solvent-based ultrasonic assisted extraction of total polyphenolic and caffeine content from coffe beans (Coffea beans L.) for instant food products, J. Appl. Pharm. Sci., 8 (8),138–143.

[17] Yuniarti, E., Saputri, F.C., and Mun’im, A., 2019, Application of the natural deep eutectic solvent choline chloride-sorbitol to extract chlorogenic acid and caffeine from green coffee beans (Coffea canephora), J. Appl. Pharm. Sci., 9 (3), 82–90.

[18] Dean, A., Voss, D., and Draguljic, D., 2017, “Response surface methodology” in Design and Analysis of Experiments, Springer, Cham, 565–614.

[19] Yolmeh, M., and Jafari, S.M., 2017, Applications of response surface methodology in the food industry processes, Food Bioprocess Technol., 10 (3), 413–433.

[20] Riswanto, F.D.O., Rohman, A., Pramono, S., and Martono, S., 2019, Application of response surface methodology as mathematical and statistical tools in natural product research, J. Appl. Pharm. Sci., 9 (10), 125–133.

[21] Gomez, F.J.V., Espino, M., Fernández, M.A., and Silva, M.F., 2018, A greener approach to prepare natural deep eutectic solvents, ChemistrySelect, 3 (22), 6122–6125.

[22] González, C.G., Mustafa, N.R., Wilson, E.G., Verpoorte, R., and Choi, Y.H., 2018, Application of natural deep eutectic solvents for the “green” extraction of vanillin from vanilla pods, Flavour Fragrance J., 33 (1), 91–96.

[23] Sánchez-Rangel, J., Benavides, J., Heredia, J.B., Cisneros-Zevallos, L., and Jacobo-Velázquez, D.A., 2013, The Folin-Ciocalteu assay revisited: Improvement of its specificity for total phenolic content determination, Anal. Methods, 5 (21), 5990–5999.

[24] Bobo-García, G., Davidov-Pardo, G., Arroqui, C., Vírseda, P., Marín-Arroyo, M., and Navarro, M., 2014, Intra-laboratory validation of microplate methods for total phenolic content and antioxidant activity on polyphenolic extracts, and comparison with conventional spectrophotometric methods, J. Sci. Food Agric., 95 (1), 204–209.

[25] Brusco, M.J., Voorhees, C.M., Calantone, R.J., Brady, M.K., and Steinley, D., 2019, Integrating linear discriminant analysis, polynomial basis expansion, and genetic search for two-group classification, Commun. Stat.- Simul. Comput., 48 (6), 1623–1636.

[26] Chelladuai, S.J.S., Murugan, K., Ray, A.P., Upadhyaya, M., Narasimharaj, V., and Gnanasekaran, S., 2021, Optimization of process parameters using response surface methodology: A review, Mater. Today: Proc., 37 (2), 1301–1304.

[27] Salim, N., Santhiagu, A., and Joji, K., 2019, Process modeling and optimization of high yielding L-methioninase from a newly isolated Trichoderma harzianum using response surface methodology and artificial neural network coupled genetic algorithm, Biocatal. Agric. Biotechnol., 17, 299–308.

[28] Mäkelä, M., 2017, Experimental design and response surface methodology in energy applications: A tutorial review, Energy Convers. Manage., 151, 630–640.

[29] Alam, S.T., and Amin, M.A., 2020, Determining optimum design parameters of foldadble product using response surface and genetic algorithm, Engineering, 12, 839–850.

[30] Shi, P., Du, W., Wang, Y., Teng, X., Chen, X., and Ye, L., 2019, Total phenolic, flavanoid content, and antioxidant activity of bulbs, leaves, and flowers made form Eleutherine bulbosa (Mill.) Urb., Food Sci. Nutr., 7 (1), 148–154.



DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/ijc.58467

Article Metrics

Abstract views : 5211 | views : 5218


Copyright (c) 2021 Indonesian Journal of Chemistry

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

 


Indonesian Journal of Chemistry (ISSN 1411-9420 /e-ISSN 2460-1578) - Chemistry Department, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia.

Web
Analytics View The Statistics of Indones. J. Chem.