Microwave-Assisted Preparation of Zinc-Doped β-Tricalcium Phosphate for Orthopedic Applications

Ali Taha Saleh; Dheyaa Alameri

doi:10.22146/ijc.55931

Microwave-Assisted Preparation of Zinc-Doped β-Tricalcium Phosphate for Orthopedic Applications

https://doi.org/10.22146/ijc.55931

Ali Taha Saleh^(1*), Dheyaa Alameri⁽²⁾

(1) Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Misan, Misan, Iraq
(2) Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Misan, Misan, Iraq
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract

A novel two-step methodology delivering zinc into the structure of β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) has been investigated. Incorporating wet precipitation of calcium-deficient apatite [Ca_9-xZn_x(HPO₄)(PO₄)₅(OH)] (x = 0.00–1.00 mol) using a microwave-assisted process followed by two-hour calcination at 1000 °C has been conducted to generate a ratio of 1.48 of Zn doped β-TCP. The products were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer, and field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM). Our results confirmed that the product was crystalline Zn²⁺-doped β-tricalcium phosphate. The incorporation of Zn⁺² into the β-TCP lattice resulted in a shifting of diffraction peaks to higher 2θ values, which were attributed to the substitution of larger-sized Ca⁺² ions with smaller-sized Zn²⁺ ions. A reduction in the intensity of the XRD peaks was also observed due to the reduction in the degree of crystallinity of the samples. Lattice parameters along the a and c-axis showed a gradual decrease in length with an increase in the amount of Zn²⁺ doping. This decrease was attributed to the replacement of Ca⁺² ion by the smaller-sized Zn²⁺ ions. The microstructure of the powders consisted of microscale aggregates fused together. EDX analysis of all samples showed that the Zn²⁺ doping had successfully taken place and the amount of Zn²⁺ present in the samples was in good agreement with the theoretical values.

Keywords

microwave-assisted; β-tricalcium phosphate; zinc; characterization

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/ijc.55931