Empathic Love Therapy untuk Menurunkan Pikiran dan Perilaku Self Injury

Tri Permatasari, Budi Andayani
(Submitted 11 December 2018)
(Published 11 December 2018)

Abstract


Self injury is the act of deliberately inflicting harm on ones own body without suicidal intent.Prevalence of people with self injury is constantly increased each year especially in teenager and young adults. Empathic love therapy (ELT) is a method of love in psychosynthesis to reconcile every aspect in self, to change the destructive self pattern, and to find one’s true Self that in line with God’s will. The purpose of this study is to test the effectiveness of ELT in reducing self injury. There are 3 participants aged 20-30 years old which shows symptoms of self injury in the past year. This study use a single case design study. The measuring instrument are Daily Self Assessment (Diary) and Assessment of Empathic Love Therapy Sheets. Data analysis was performed by visual inspection and qualitative analysis. The finding of this study shows that ELT perform effectively in reducing self injury.


Keywords


empathic love therapy; psychosynthesis; self injury; transpersonal psychology

Full Text: PDF

DOI: 10.22146/gamajpp.41767

References


Albores-Gallo L, Méndez-Santos JL, Xóchitl-Garcia Luna A, Delgadillo-González Y, Chávez-Flores CI, Martínez OL. (2014). Nonsuicidal self-injury in a community sample of older children and adolescents of Mexico city. Actas Esp Psiquiatr. 42(4), 159–168.

Baetens, I., Claes, L., Hasking, P., Smits, D., Grietens, H., Onghena, P., & Martin, G. (2015). The relationship between parental expressed emotions and non-suicidal self-injury: The mediating roles of self-criticism and depression. Journal of Child Family Study, 24, 491–498. doi: 07/s10826-013-9861-8

Barlow, D. H., & Hersen, M. (1987). Single-case experimental designs: Strategies studying behavior change second edition. New York: Pergamon Press.

Bentley, K. H., Nock, M. K., Barlow, D. H . (2014). The four-function model of nonsuicidal self-injury: Key directions for future research. Clinical Psychological Science, 2(5), 638-656. doi: 10.1177/2167702613514563

Firman, J., & Gila, A. (2002). Psychosynthesis: A psychology of the spirit. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press.

Firman, J., & Gila, A. (2010). A psychotherapy of love. Albany, New York: State University of New York Press.

Glassman, L. H., Weierich, M. R., Hooley, J. M., Deliberto, T. L., & Nock, M. K. (2007). Child maltreatment, non-suicidal self-injury, and the mediating role of self-criticism. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 45, 2483–2490. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2007.04.002

Glenn, C. R., Klonsky, E. D. (2009). Social context during non-suicidal self-injury indicates suicide risk. Personality and Individual Differences, 46(1), 25-29. doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2008.08.020

Glenn C. R, Klonsky E. D. (2013). Nonsuicidal self-injury disorder: An empirical investigation in adolescent psychiatric patients. Journal of Clinical Child Adolescent Psychology, 42, 496–507. doi: 10.1080/15374416.2013.794699

Gratz, K. L, Dixon-Gordon, K. L., Chapman, A. L., & Tull, M. T. (2015). Diagnosis and characterization of DSM-5 nonsuicidal self-injury disorder using the clinician-administered nonsuicidal self-injury disorder index. Assessment, 22(5), 527-539. doi: 10.1177/1073191114565878

Guan, K., Fox, K. R., & Prinstein, M. J. (2012). Nonsuicidal self-injury as a time-invariant predictor of adolescent suicide ideation and attempts in a diverse community sample. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 80(5), 842-849. doi: 10.1037/a0029429

Kazdin, A. E. (2011). Single-case research designs: Methods for clinical and applied settings second edition. New York: Oxford University Press.

Klonsky, E. D. (2007). The functions of deliberate self-injury: A review of the evidence. Clinical Psychology Review, 27, 226-239. doi: 10.1016/j.cpr.2006.08.002

Klonsky, E. D. (2009). The functions of self-injury in young adults who cut themselves: Clarifying the evidence for affect-regulation. Psychiatry Research, 166, 260-268. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2008.02.008

Klonsky, E. D. (2011). Non-suicidal self-injury in United States adults: prevalence, sociodemographics, topography and functions. Psychological Medicine, 41, 1981-1986. doi: 10.1017/S0033291710002497

Klonsky, E. D., Glenn, C. R. (2009). Assessing the functions of non-suicidal self-injury: Psychometric properties of the inventory of Statements About Self-injury (ISAS). Journal of Psychopathology Behaviour Assessment, 31, 215–219. doi: Klonsky, E. D., Glenn, C. R. (2009). Assessing the functions of non-suicidal self-injury: Psychometric properties of the inventory of Statements About Self-injury (ISAS). Journal of Psychopathology Behaviour Assessment, 31, 215–219. doi: 10.1017/S0033291710002497

Kool, N., Meijel, B. V., & Bosman, M. (2009). Behavioral change in patients with severe self injurious behavior: A patients's perspective. Journal of Psychiatric Nursing, 23(1), 25–31. doi: 10.1016/j.apnu.2008.02.012

Laye-Gindhu, A., & Schonert-Reichl., K. A. S. (2005). Nonsuicidal self-harm among community adolescents: Understanding the “whats and whys” of self-harm. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 34, 447–457. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01946

Lloyd-Richardson, E. E., Perrine, N., Dierker, L., & Kelley, M. L. (2007). Characteristics and functions of non-suicidal self-injury in a community sample of adolescents. Psychological Medicine, 37, 1183-1192. doi: 10.1017/S003329170700027X

Manca, M., Presaghi, F, & Cerutti, R. (2014). Clinical specificity of acute versus chronic self-injury: Measurement and evaluation of repetitive non-suicidal self-injury. Psychiatry Research, 215, 111–119. 10.1016/j.psychres.2013.10.010

Muehlenkamp, J. J., Claes, L., Havertape L., & Plener, P. L. (2012). International prevalence of adolescent nonsuicidal self-injury and deliberate self-harm. Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health, 6(10), 1-9. doi: 10.1186/1753-2000-6-10

Marshall, Sheila K., Weaver, Lauree C. T., & Stattin, Hakan. (2013). Non-suicidal self-injury and depressive symptoms during middle adolescence: A longitudinal analysis. Journal of Youth Adolescence, 42, 1234-1242. doi: 10.1007/s10964-013-9919-3

Nock, M. K., & Prinstein, M. J. (2004). A functional approach to the assessment of self-mutilative behavior. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 72, 885–890. doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.72.5.885

Nock, M. K., & Prinstein, M. J. (2005). Clinical features and behavioral functions of adolescent self-mutilation. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 114, 140–146.

Nock, M. K. (2010). Self-injury. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 6, 339-363.

Pierro, R. D., Sarno, I., Perego, S., Gallucci, M., & Madeddu, F. (2012). Adolescent nonsuicidal self-injury: The effects of personality traits, family relationships and maltreatment on the presence and severity of behaviours. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 21, 511-520.

Ruefller. (1995). Para pemain di dalam diri kita (Terjemahan). Surabaya: Fakultas Psikologi Universitas Surabaya.

Sagala, A. (2015). Empathic love therapy untuk menurunkan depresi pada orang dengan HIV/AIDS. (Tesis tidak dipublikasikan). Fakultas Psikologi, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta.

Saragih, S. (2014). Emphathic love therapy pada perempuan depresi korban kekerasan dalam rumah tangga. (Tesis tidak dipublikasikan). Fakultas Psikologi, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta.

Shadish, W. R., Cook., T. D., & Campbell, D. T. (2002). Experimental and designs for generalized causal inference. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company.

Smith, J. C. (2007). The new psychology of relaxation and renewal. Special Issue, 35(3), 85–89.

Tittarini, D. G. (2014). Empathic love therapy pada mahasiswa yang mengalami kecemasan. (Tesis tidak dipublikasikan). Fakultas Psikologi, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta.

Widiasari, E. (2015). Empathic love therapy untuk menurunkan depresi. (Tesis tidak dipublikasikan). Fakultas Psikologi, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta.

Yana, I. P. A. (2015). Empathic love therapy untuk menurunkan kecemasan pada orang dengan gangguan gagap. (Tesis tidak dipublikasikan). Fakultas Psikologi, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta.

Yurkowski, K., Martin, J., Levesque, C., Bureau, C. F., Lafontaine, M. F., Cloutier, P. (2015). Emotion dysregulation mediates the influence of relationship difficulties on non-suicidal self-injury behavior in young adults. Psychiatry Research, 228, 871–878.


Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2016 Gadjah Mada Journal of Professional Psychology (GamaJPP)

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.